2,5-디클로로페놀

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Use water spray, foam, powder, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible). Refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Rest. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Land Spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner/ to contain liquid or solid material. Cover solids with plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.

Water Spill: Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom. If dissolved, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Activated carbon is a good method for removing chlorophenols from water. Competitive adsorption occurs between chlorophenols & humic substances present in nearly all municipal water supplies. This competition decr the capacity of carbon for chlorophenols. /Chlorophenols/

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Chemical Treatability of 2,5-Dichlorophenol; Concentration Process: Biological Treatment; Chemical Classification: Phenols; Scale of Study: Laboratory Scale; Type of Wastewater Used: Pure compound (one solute in a solvent); Results of Study: 100% reduction in 38 hours; (Biodegradation by mutant pseudomonas species.)

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Keep material out of water sources and sewers; Build dikes to contain flow as necessary; Keep upwind; Avoid breathing vapors or dusts; Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Trichlorophenol/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Immediately wash contaminated areas of skin with concentrated soap solution. Contaminated gloves, clothing, shoes should be removed without delay and disposed by incineration.

2,5-Dichlorophenol was detected in 980 of 1000 samples of urine collected from adult individuals in the US in 1994 at concentrations ranging from 2.2 to 8700 ppb, with an average concentration of 200 ppb(1); the origin of 2,5-dichlorophenol was believed to be via metabolism of 1,4-dichlorobenzene, which is found in home toilet deoderizers and moth repellents. 2,5-Dichlorophenol was detected in 11 of 20 samples of amniotic fluid collected from adult women in the San Joaquin Valley, California in 2002 at concentrations ranging from 0.37 to 0.43 ug/L, with an average concentration of 0.39 ug/L(2).

EC50; Species: Oryzias latipes (Medaka); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 2600 ug/L for 15 days (95% confidence interval: 1900-3800 ug/L); Effect: hatch mortality

LC50; Species: Oryzias latipes (Medaka); Conditions: freshwater, static; Concentration: 3300 ug/L for 15 days (95% confidence interval: 2500-4500 ug/L)

LC50; Species: Carassius auratus (Goldfish, weight 1.0 g); Conditions: freshwater, static, 27-28 °C, pH 7.0; Concentration: 36.8 umol/L for 2.5 hr /100% purity/

LC50; Species: Carassius auratus (Goldfish, weight 1.0 g); Conditions: freshwater, static, 27-28 °C, pH 7.0; Concentration: 30.7 umol/L for 5 hr /100% purity/

LC50; Species: Platichthys flesus (European flounder, weight 56 g); Conditions: saltwater, static, 6 °C, pH 8, salinity 5 ppt; Concentration: 3290 ug/L for 96 hr /98-99% purity/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 600(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.06(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,5-dichlorophenol is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of 2,5-dichlorphenol is 7.51(4), indicating that this compound will partially exist in the anion form and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization of 2,5-dichlorophenol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.03X10-6 atm-cu m/mole, derived from its vapor pressure, 0.056 mm Hg(6), and water solubility, 2,000 mg/L(7). 2,5-Dichlorophenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(6). A 5% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(8) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 600(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 3.06(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,5-dichlorophenol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.03X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.056 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 2,000 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 8 and 61 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), a measured BCF of 4.0 to 35(7), and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. A 5% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(7) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,5-dichlorophenol, which has a vapor pressure of 0.056 mm Hg at 25 °C(2) is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,5-dichlorophenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 55 hours(SRC), calculated from its estimated rate constant of 6.99X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). 2,5-Dichlorophenol contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation.

Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

Sore throat. Burning sensation.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=583-78-8]

Biologically treated effluent samples from nine Canadian bleached softwood Kraft mills were analyzed for chlorinated phenolic content. Chlorinated phenolics, incl 2,5-dichlorophenol, present in effluent discharged from bleached Kraft mills are not expected to contribute an off odor to recipient waters.

2,5-Dichlorophenol was detected in the effluent downstream from 5% of industrial plants surveyed in England and Wales in 1995 at an average concentration of 3.76 ppb(1). 2,5-Dichlorophenol was detected in the effluent from 5.7% of sewage treatment plants surveyed in England and Wales in 1995 at an average concentration of 0.10 ppb(1). 2,5-Dichlorophenol (combined with 2,4-dichlorophenol) was detected in 12 of 12 samples collected at a sewage treatment plant in Karkola, Finland between September 1989 and November 1990 at an average concentration of 12 ppb(2). 2,5-Dichlorophenol has been detected qualitatively in the effluent from pulp mills in Canada(3).

The Koc of 2,5-dichlorophenol is estimated as 600(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.06(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,5-dichlorophenol is expected to have low mobility in soil. The pKa of 2,5-dichlorophenol is 7.51(4), indicating that this compound will partially exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5).

Dichlorophenols can be synthesized directly by soil fungi utilizing chloride ions and humic phenols found in soil(1); chloroperoxidase enzymes released into soil by fungi can also bring about the chlorination of humic phenols with chloride ions(1). Chlorophenols may be released into the environment through burning of fresh lignocellulosic biomass during forest fires(2).