1,2-벤젠다이카복실산 다이헥실 에스터

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

The effects of phthalate esters of branched chain alcohols, typified by di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) differ from those of esters of straight chain alcohols typified by di-n-hexyl phthalate (DnHP). The former induce liver enlargement and proliferation of hepatic peroxisomes, while the latter cause no peroxisome proliferation but cause fat accumulation in the liver. Both classes of phthalate esters are hypolipidaemic and cause thyroid changes associated with an increased rate of thyroglobulin turnover. As phthalate esters are used as mixtures, ... the effect of mixtures of the compounds /were examined/. Groups of five male Wistar albino rats were administered either control diet or diets containing either 10,000 ppm of DEHP, 10,000 ppm of DnHP or 10,000 ppm DEHP plus 10,000 ppm DnHP for 14 days. Rats receiving diets containing DEHP showed the expected increase in relative liver weight, in "peroxisomal" fatty acid oxidation and in CYP4A1. Serum triglyceride and serum cholesterol were also reduced, and the thyroid showed the histological changes mentioned above. Rats consuming diets containing DnHP showed no increase in relative liver weight and no induction of peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation or CYP4A1. However, there was a marked accumulation of fat in the liver. The fall in serum cholesterol was similar to that in rats treated with DEHP, but the fall of serum triglyceride was more pronounced. Thyroidal changes were again observed. In general, changes in rats treated with a mixture of DEHP and DnHP were very similar to those found with rats treated with DEHP alone. The liver was enlarged, and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation and CYP4A1 were both induced. The amount of fat in the liver was much less than in rats receiving DnHP alone. Thyroid changes were similar to those in rats receiving the individual compounds. The effect on serum cholesterol seemed additive, but the levels of serum triglyceride were intermediate between the groups receiving the single compounds.

Phthalate esters are endocrine disruptors. Animal studies have shown that they disrupt reproductive development and can cause a number of malformations in affected young, such as reduced anogenital distance (AGD), cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and reduced fertility. The combination of effects associated with phthalates is called 'phthalate syndrome’. (A2883)

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, age < or = 24 hr); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH 7.6-7.9, hardness 25-50 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 25-50 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 180 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobilization /> or = 95% purity/

EC50; Species: Paratanytarsus parthenogeneticus (Midge, larvae 2-3 instar); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH 7.6-7.9, hardness 25-50 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 25-50 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: >130 ug/L for 96 hr; Effect: mortality /> or = 95% purity/

EC50; Species: Anodonta cygnea (Swan mussel, 2-3 instar); Conditions: freshwater, static, 22-24 °C, pH 7.6-7.9, hardness 25-50 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 25-50 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 330 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: decreased population abundance /> or = 95% purity/

LC50; Species: Cyprinodon variegatus (Sheepshead minnow, juvenile, length 6-17 mm); Conditions: freshwater, static, 22 °C, pH 7.6-7.9, hardness 25-50 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 25-50 mg/L CaCO3; Concentration: 780 ug/L for 96 hr /> or = 95% purity/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for DIHEXYL PHTHALATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an average Koc value of 5.26X10+5(2), indicates that dihexyl phthalate is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of dihexyl phthalate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure, 1.4X10-5 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 0.05 mg/L(4). Dihexyl phthalate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Biodegradation in soil may be important(SRC) based on a study using an acclimated inoculum of soil, sewage and activated sludge; >99% of dihexyl phthalate was lost and 77% of theoretical carbon dioxide was evolved after 28 days(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an average Koc value of 5.26X10+5(2), indicates that dihexyl phthalate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.4X10-5 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 0.05 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.8 and 26 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 15 years if adsorption is considered(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 1,100(SRC), from a log Kow of 6.82(8) and a regression-derived equation(9), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC). However, bioconcentration studies on compounds which are structurally similar suggest that bioconcentration may be lower than that indicated by the regression-derived equations due to the ability of aquatic organisms to readily metabolize this class of compounds(10). Estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 3.4 years and 130 days at pHs 7 and 8, respectively, suggest that hydrolysis is not expected to be an important process(11). In a river die-away test, it took 1 day to achieve 90% degradation(12). An initial concn of dihexyl phthalate of 25 mg/L was degraded 30 to 95% in fresh water after a 14 day incubation(10).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dihexyl phthalate, which has a vapor pressure of 1.4X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dihexyl phthalate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 26 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase dihexyl phthalate may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Dihexyl phthalate does contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Phthalate esters are endocrine disruptors. They decrease foetal testis testosterone production and reduce the expression of steroidogenic genes by decreasing mRNA expression. Some phthalates have also been shown to reduce the expression of insulin-like peptide 3 (insl3), an important hormone secreted by the Leydig cell necessary for development of the gubernacular ligament. Animal studies have shown that these effects disrupt reproductive development and can cause a number of malformations in affected young. (A2883)

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ The effects of dihexyl phthalate (DHP) on weight and food consumption in captive starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were studied. All phthalate fed starlings had greater lipid means in the carcass homogenates than controls ... Differences in food consumption existed only in groups fed 250 ppm (other groups given 25 ppm).

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Tests were performed with the freshwater invertebrates Hyalella azteca, Chironomus tentans, and Lumbriculus variegatus to determine the acute toxicity of six phthalate esters, including dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-hexyl phthalate (DHP), and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). It was possible to derive 10-d LC50 (lethal concentration for 50% of the population) values only for the four lower molecular weight esters (DMP, DEP, DBP, and BBP), for which toxicity increased with increasing octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) and decreasing water solubility. ... No significant survival reductions were observed when the three species were exposed to either DHP or DEHP at concentrations approximating their water solubilities.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Seven phthalate esters /including di-n-hexyl phthalate (DHP) were evaluated for their 10-d toxicity to the freshwater invertebrates Hyalella azteca and Chironomus tentans in sediment. ... All seven esters were tested in a sediment containing 4.80% total organic carbon (TOC) ... The five higher molecular weight phthalate esters /including DHP which was tested/ .... and found to be nontoxic in water-only tests ... were tested at single concentrations between 2,100 and 3,200 mg/kg dry weight. Preliminary spiking studies were performed to assess phthalate ester stability under test conditions. The five higher molecular weight phthalate esters in sediment had no effect on survival or growth of either C. tentans or H. azteca, consistent with predictions based on water-only tests and EqP theory. ...

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ A previous in vitro study has indicated that four phthalate esters (PAEs) could damage hemocytes and decreases the cellular immunity of prawns ... . The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo effect of ... diethyl phthalate (DEP), dihexyl phthalate (DHP), dipropyl phthalate (DPrP) and diphenyl phthalate (DPP) on the defense system of the giant freshwater prawn, M. rosenbergii. PAE dissolved in corn oil was continuously fed to prawns for 8 days and five immune parameters (total hemocyte count, THC; ratio of granulocytes to hyalinocytes, G/H; intrahemocytic total phenoloxidase activity, PO(T); intracellular superoxide anion (O2-) production; transglutaminase (TGase) activity) were separately detected on days 1, 4 and 8. In addition, mortality was determined on days 4 and 8 after challenging the prawns with Lactobacillus garvieae. ... DHP demonstrated the lowest toxicity in that it only influenced the PO activity and O2- production before 4 days after treatment and caused 6.6% mortality on day 8. DEP decreased G/H, PO(T) and TGase activity on day 1 and reduced THC, G/H and PO(T) and caused 16.6% mortality on day 4; however, on day 8, it increased O2- production and caused no mortality. In the DPrP-treated group, a reduction of all the immune reactions apart from TGase activity and 22.2% mortality were detected on day 4. ... DPP ... decreased all the immune parameters apart from THC on days 1 and 4, but caused no mortality on day 4; but on day 8, an increase of O2- production and 17.7% mortality were detected. These results indicated that the immune reactions of prawns were variable due to the different toxic effects of PAEs. In addition, ... on day 8 after treatment, ... DHP, DPrP and DPP increased O2- production and did not influence the other four reactions, but mortality was detected in these groups.

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=84-75-3][Available from: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=84-75-3]

The average Koc of (14)C-dihexyl phthalate using three standard USEPA sediments (supplied and characterized by the EPA) was measured at 5.26X10+5(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this Koc value suggests that dihexyl phthalate is expected to be immobile in soil.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dihexyl ester is included on this list. Effective date 10/04/82; Sunset date 10/04/92.

A testing consent order is in effect for di-n-hexyl phthalate for environmental effects and chemical fate testing. FR citation: 1/9/89.

Used as plasticizer; Used to make plastisols for automobile parts and dip-molded products; [HSDB]

DnHP is used in the making of plastisols that are subsequently used in the manufacture of automobile parts (air filters, battery covers) and dip-molded products (tool handles, dishwasher baskets). Commercial phthalate substances containing DnHP may be added to the PVC utilized in the manufacture of flooring, canvas tarps, and notebook covers. Substances containing DnHP may also be used in traffic cones, toys, vinyl gloves, weather stripping, flea collars, shoes, and conveyor belts used in food packaging operations.

Plasticizer for cellulose ester and vinyl plastics.

Phthalate esters are mainly used as plasticizers, primarily used to soften polyvinyl chloride. They are found in a number of products, including glues, building materials, personal care products, detergents and surfactants, packaging, children's toys, paints, pharmaceuticals, food products, and textiles. Phthalates are used in a variety of household applications such as shower curtains, vinyl upholstery, adhesives, floor tiles, food containers and wrappers, and cleaning materials. Personal care items containing phthalates include perfume, eye shadow, moisturizer, nail polish, liquid soap, and hair spray. (L1903)

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#4947]

This chemical is listed as an Extended High Production Volume (EHPV). Chemicals listed as EHPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds according to the 2002 Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Inventory Update. The EHPV program is a voluntary initiative that allows companies to demonstrate that adequate screening data exist for organic HPV chemicals.

1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-dihexyl ester: ACTIVE

DnHP is often found as a minor component (less than 1%) of C6-10- phthalate mixtures; it may also be an isomer in mixtures of diisohexyl phthalates (DIHP) (CAS RN 68515-50-4) at levels of 25% or lower.