4-클로로-2-니트로아닐린

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use dry chemical, CO2, water spray or "alcohol" foam. As in any fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent) and full protective gear. Water mist may be used to cool closed containers.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with alcohol, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with alcohol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminate area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Do not use water.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment.

Ensure adequate ventilation. Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.

Eye contact: In the case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting without medical advice. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Consult a physician.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Personnel protection: ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. ... Wear appropriate chemical protective clothing Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT. Respiratory protection: Breathing apparatus only if aerosol or dust is formed. Hand protection: PVC or other plastic material gloves. Skin and body protection: Usual safety precautions while handling the product will provide adequate protection against this potential effect. Eye protection: Safety glasses with side-shields.

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, age 6-24 hr); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH > or =7.0; Concentration: 3700 ug/L for 24 hr

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, age 6-24 hr); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH > or =7.0; Concentration: 3200 ug/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 2900-3500 ug/L)

EC50; Photobacterium phosphorem (19.8 ug/L);Condition: 15 degree C) for 30 min /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

EC50; Water flea (3.2 mg/L) for 48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 720(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.72(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization of 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). 4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 4.8X10-4 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). A 0% theoretical BOD using an activated sludge inoculum and the Japanese MITI test(6) indicates that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 720(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 2.72(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.2X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), BCF values of 7.5-13.4(6), suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 0% theoretical BOD using an activated sludge inoculum and the Japanese MITI test(6) indicates that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 4.8X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.9X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). The compound contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=89-63-4]

4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline was identified in one industrial wastewater extract of an organic and plastic industry at a concentration of 246 ng/uL extract(1). 4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline was identified at a concentration of 11 ug/mL in hazardous waste incineration effluents from four different test sites(2). 4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline was qualitatively detected in advanced waste treatment concentrate from Lake Tahoe, CA on October 24, 1974(3).

The Koc of 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is estimated as 720(SRC), using a log Kow of 2.72(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is expected to have low mobility in soil. Anilines are expected to bind strongly to humus or organic matter in soils due to the high reactivity of the aromatic amino group(4,5), suggesting that mobility may be much lower in some soils(SRC). The log Koc of 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline was measured as 2.30 in Yangtze river sediment (37.1% sand, 49.3% silt, 13.6% clay, 1.28% organic carbon, pH 7.44)(6). The log Koc was also measured as 3.68 in modified clay(7). These values give Koc values of 200 and 4800, respectively(SRC).

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Chronic toxicity: Chronic exposure may cause nausea and vomiting, higher exposure causes unconsciousness. Local effects: Symptoms of overexposure may be headache, dizziness, tiredness, nausea and vomiting. Specific effects: May include moderate to severe erythema (redness) and moderate edema (raised skin), nausea, vomiting, headache.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. ... Risk of serious damage to eyes

A 6 week bioconcentration study obtained BCF values of 7.5-13.2 and 8.0-13.4 in carp (Cyprinus carpio) for concentrations of 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline of 100 and 10 ppb, respectively(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCF values suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is estimated as 1.2X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2). 4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 4.8X10-4 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Benzenamine, 4-chloro-2-nitro- is included on this list. Effective date 10/4/82; Sunset date 10/4/92.