2,4-D 부틸 에스테르

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U240, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /2,4-D acid, salts & esters/

Group I Containers: Combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) should be disposed of in pesticide incinerators or in specified landfill sites. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/

Group II Containers: Non-combustible containers from organic or metallo-organic pesticides (except organic mercury, lead, cadmium, or arsenic compounds) must first be triple-rinsed. Containers that are in good condition may be returned to the manufacturer or formulator of the pesticide product, or to a drum reconditioner for reuse with the same type of pesticide product, if such reuse is legal under Department of Transportation regulations (eg 49 CFR 173.28). Containers that are not to be reused should be punctured ... and transported to a scrap metal facility for recycling, disposal or burial in a designated landfill. /Organic or metallo-organic pesticides/

The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for 2,4-D butyl ester: Concentration process: Activated carbon.

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for 2,4-D BUTYL ESTER (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Smoking, eating, and drinking before washing should be absolutely prohibited when any pesticide ... is being handled or used. /Pesticides/

/When/ cleaning glassware and spray equipment: wash thoroughly with water and detergent soln. Alcohol or ketone type solvents may be used with ester formulations. Preferably, equipment should not be used for application of other pesticides or fertilizers. /2,4-D ester/

Tolerances are established for residues of 2,4-D for barley, grain: 0.5 ppm; barley, forage: 20 ppm; blueberries: 0.1 ppm; corn, fodder: 20 ppm; corn, forage: 20 ppm; corn, fresh, sweet (K + CWHR): 0.5 ppm; corn, grain: 0.5 ppm; cranberries: 0.5 ppm; grapes: 0.5 ppm; grass hay: 300 ppm; grasses pasture: 1000 ppm; grasses, rangeland: 1000 ppm; millet, forage: 20 ppm; millet grain: 0.5 ppm; millet, straw: 20 ppm; Nuts: 0.2 ppm; oats, forage: 20 ppm; oats, grain: 0.5 ppm; pistachios: 0.2 ppm; rice: 0.1 ppm; rice, straw: 20 ppm; rye, forage: 20 ppm; rye, grain: 0.5 ppm; sorghum, fodder: 20 ppm; sorghum, forage: 20 ppm; sorghum, grain: 0.5 ppm; stone fruits: 0.2 ppm; sugarcane: 2 ppm; sugarcane, forage: 20 ppm; wheat, forage: 20 ppm; and wheat grain: 0.5 ppm. /2,4-D acid, salts & esters/

Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide 2,4-D as follows: 5 ppm in sugarcane molasses, resulting from application of the herbicide to sugarcane fields. /2,4-D/

Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide 2,4-D as follows: 2 ppm in the milled fractions (except flour) derived from barley, oats, rye, and wheat to be ingested as food or to be converted to food. Such residues may be present therein only as a result of application to the growing crop. /2,4-D/

Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) as follows: 0.1 ppm (negligible residue) in potable water. Such residues may be present therein only: As a result of application of its dimethylamine salt or its butoxyethanol ester for Eurasian watermilfoil control in programs conducted by the Tennessee Valley Authority in dams and reservoirs of the TVA system. /2,4-D/

Tolerances are established for residues of 2,4-D in the following processed feeds: sugarcane bagasse, 5 ppm; sugarcane molasses, 5 ppm; milled fractions derived from barley, oats, rye and wheat, (to be ingested as animal feed or converted into animal feed) 2 ppm. /2,4-D/

8 Hr Time-Weighted Avg (TWA): 10 mg/cu m. /2,4-D/

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /2,4-D/

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /2,4-D/

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Urinalysis of six volunteer workers (wearing a full line of protective clothing) involved in mixing and loading 2,4-D ester solutions into aircraft and in guiding the spray aircraft in two conifer release program showed a maximum excretion level of 22.2 ug/kg body weight/day(1). The urinary excretion rate of 2,4-D in 45 commercial lawn care specialists who had been spraying the herbicide for a period of at least 3 weeks ranged from 0.4-6.3 ug/kg body weight/day(2). Thirty-nine of 197 children living near and away from possible source of contamination had detectable levels of 2,4-D (detection limit 1 ppb) in their urine at a maximum concentration of 9 ppb(3).

IN STATIC BIOASSAYS WITH FINGERLING RAINBOW TROUT, 1 MG/L CARBARYL DECR LC50 OF 2,4-D BUTYL ESTER FROM 30 TO 11 MG/L.

Cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) were treated with six different paired mixtures of dicamba, picloram, 2,4-D butyl ester, 2,4-D isooctyl ester, and 2,4-D propylene glycol butyl ether ester. Except for 2,4-D isooctyl ester, the LC50's resulting from mixtures of 2,4-D esters and picloram were lower than LC50's of those herbicides tested individually. Dicamba and 2,4-D isooctyl ester were the least toxic individually and mixtures of dicamba or 2,4-D isooctyl ester with the other herbicides tested did not result in increased toxicity. Results reflect the importance of using combination exposures in determining the biological significance of the simultaneous occurrence of more than one herbicide in surface waters.

The aim of this investigation was to determine the contribution made by the different components of herbicide formulations to the overall toxicity of the formulations. Three related herbicide formulations were chosen. The first, Agent Orange, consisted only of the butyl esters of 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D. The second was Agent Orange diluted with diesel fuel and the third formulation tested was a tree and blackberry killer, which consisted of the butyl ester of 2,4,5-T, the ethyl ester of 2,4-D, diesel fuel and two surfactants. The potential toxic effects of these three formulations were evaluated by determining their inhibitory effects on the oxidative functions of submitochondrial particles prepared from beef heart mitochondria. The effective concentration that caused a 50% inhibition of the activities of the submitochondrial particles was determined for all three formulations. When the toxicity of the individual components of these formulations was evaluated, it was established that the so-called 'inert' components i.e. diesel fuel and surfactants contributed approximately 50% of the overall toxicity of the complete formulations. Hence the results confirm the importance of evaluating the toxicity of complete formulations, rather than only focussing on the active components. While cellular and sub-cellular assays cannot account for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes that may affect the toxicity of xenobiotics, the sub-mitochondrial particle test is useful as an initial screening assay.

LC50 SALMO CLARKI (CUTTHROAT TROUT) 490-1220 UG/L/96 HR; TOXICITY INCREASED AS WATER TEMPERATURE DECREASED /CONDITIONS OF BIOASSAY NOT SPECIFIED/

LC50 SALVELINUS NAMAYCUSH (LAKE TROUT) 490-1220 UG/L/96 HR; TOXICITY INCREASED AS WATER TEMPERATURE DECREASED /CONDITIONS OF BIOASSAY NOT SPECIFIED/

LC50 Salmo clarki (Cutthroat trout) 0.78 mg/l/96 hr (95% confidence limit 0.66-0.92 mg/l) /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Bluegill 4.9 mg/l/24 hr; 3.7 mg/l/48 hr /Butyl ester, oil soluble formulation/ /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Bluegill 1.3 mg/l/24 hr, 48 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 530(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 46 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,4-D butyl ester is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2,4-D butyl ester from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant estimated as 4.9X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 6.16X10-5 mm Hg(4), and its water solubility(2). 2,4-D butyl ester is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Following aerial spraying of a forest, 2,4-D butyl ester decomposed within 45 days in the soil(5). 2,4-D butyl ester was applied to soil from Washington, Wyoming and Mississippi in field mini-lysimeters from December to April 1979 (application rates of 560 and 2800 kg/ha); < 1% of the 2,4-D remained in the soil from Washington and Wyoming(6); however the degradation in the acidic Mississippi soil was greatly impeded(6). Phytotoxicity to Fagopyrum tataricum disappeared in loam and sandy loam soil within 2 weeks in non-autoclaved soil and 4 weeks in autoclaved soil(7).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 530(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 46 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,4-D butyl ester is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant estimated as 4.9X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 6.16X10-5 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 46 mg/l(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 83 days and 2.5 years, respectively(SRC). 2,4-D butyl ester is readily metabolized in fish and therefore should not bioconcentrate(5). 2,4-D butyl ester is degraded by acclimated activated sludge at one-half the rate of 2,4-D degradation(6); 2,4-D reached a constant rate of oxidation in 11 weeks(6). 2,4-D butyl ester hydrolyzes slowly in water having a half-life of 5 days at 20 °C and pH 7.4 (7,8). However, the formulated compound was stable for 200 hr at neutral pH(10). The hydrolysis rate increases with increasing pH, disappearing with a half-life of < 5 min at pH 11(9) and is calculated to be 0.2 days at pH 9 and 220 days at pH 6(10). Soil apparently catalyzes the hydrolysis of 2,4-D butyl ester. When it was incubated in 3 different air dried Saskatchewan soils, 70-85% and 67-78% of 2,4-D butyl ester remained after 1.5 hr and 24 hr, respectively(9). When 2,4-D butyl ester water is irradiated with light > 290 nm for 45 hr, 27% of 2,4-D butyl ester disappeared with 2- and 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, and 2,4-D formed at 30%, 35% and 7% yields, respectively(11). HCl which was also produced was found to be capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of 2,4-D butyl ester(11).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,4-D butyl ester, which has a vapor pressure of 6.16X10-5 mm Hg at 25 deg(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase 2,4-D butyl ester is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.0 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 8.2X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase 2,4-D butyl ester may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). 2,4-D butyl ester absorbs light in the environmental spectrum(4) and has the potential for direct photolysis(SRC). When released to the atmosphere during spraying operations, there will be droplet and vapor drift(SRC). The amount of this drift as determined in a field experiment was 25-30% in a half hour after spraying, primarily as the vapor(5). Most of the ester will gravitationally settle out as spray droplets on target crops(5).

One month after manual spraying of 2,4-D butyl ester, V. mytillus and V. vitis-idaea berries contained 129 and 13 mg/kg of the free acid, respectively, and spruce needles and buds contained 159 and 236 mg/kg of the free acid, respectively. Eight months after the spray, spruce buds still contained 32 mg/kg of the free acid(1).

Because dermal absorption is an important route of exposure to chlorophenoxy herbicides, biological monitoring is useful in estimating the absorbed dose. Urine concn provide the most accurate estimate of body burden; because of slow absorption, it is best to collect samples after a few days of exposure. /Chlorophenoxy herbicides/

The Koc of 2,4-D butyl ester is estimated as 530(SRC), using a water solubility of 46 mg/l(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,4-D butyl ester is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). The adsorption of 2,4-D butyl ester to several Canadian prairie soils was attempted using slurries in a batch and soil column experiment(4). 2,4-D butyl ester hydrolyzed to the acid form with a half-life of 100 hr in the batch experiment and on contact in the column experiment(4). In the column experiment, 2,4-D butyl ester leached out essentially as the acid in about an hour(4). Thin layer chromatography resulted in 2,4-D butyl ester being characterized as immobile in soils from Washington, Wyoming, and Mississippi(5). 2,4-D butyl ester is absorbed on clay minerals in the following decreasing order bentonite, illite, and kaolinite(6). The sorbed amounts were very small as is evidenced by the fact that 8.77 g of bentonite, 13.33 g of illite, or 42.73 g of kaolinite are required to reduce the concentration of 2,4-D butyl ester from 3 to 2 mg/l(6). The adsorption of 2,4-D butyl ester to flocculated humic acid is stronger than the free acid and the adsorption follows Freundlich isotherm pattern with a slope of 0.97(7). Therefore, 2,4-D butyl ester will be adsorbed more strongly in soil containing humic materials than clayey soils(SRC).

In Saskatchewan, 1972, at Saskatoon the 33 day mean daily level of 2,4-D /as butyl ester 2,4-D equivalents/ in air was 600 ng/cu m. Peak was 455 ug/cu m/day.

RESIDUES OF 2,4-D WERE OBSERVED IN AIR IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN SASKATCHEWAN DURING THE 1966-8 AND 1970-5 SPRAYING SEASONS. UP TO HALF OF THE DAILY SAMPLES CONTAINED 2,4-D, WITH BUTYL ESTERS BEING PRESENT MOST FREQUENTLY.

The daily mean concentration of mixed 2,4-D butyl esters ranged from 0.01 to 13.50 ug/cu m at various locations in Saskatchewan, Canada during the spraying season in 1966-1973(1). Values over a decade of monitoring were generally between 0.01 and 1 ug/cu m, and seldom exceeded 5 ug/cu m(3). Although, 2,4-D butyl ester was detected in 50% of sampling days(3). The concn of 2,4-D butyl ester was measured as part of the National Air Pesticide Monitoring Program which covered selected areas in 14-16 states during 1970-1972. Of the 2,497 samples analyzed, 0.8% had detectable levels of 2,4-D butyl ester with a mean value of 19 ng/cu m and max value of 59.6 ng/cu m(2). Only South Dakota, North Carolina, Louisiana and Kansas had residues of 2,4-D butyl ester(2). At Pullman, WA in 1964, the avg 24-hr concn of 2,4-D butyl ester was 0.05 ug/cu m avg (max,1.04 ug/cu m max; 13 of 99 days positive); at Kennewick, WA, the avg 24-hr concn of 2,4-D butyl ester was 0.079 ug/cu m (max, 0.82 ug/cu m; 22 of 102 days positive)(3). In a study in South Central Washington, the avg concns of 2,4-D butyl ester ranged from 0.06 to 0.13 ug/cu m at 8 sites in April to June 1974; the highly volatile 2,4-D butyl ester represented 75% of the total chlorophenoxy herbicide burden(4). At Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada in the year 1972, the 33 day mean daily level of 2,4-D butyl ester (2,4-D equivalents in air) was 600 ng/cu m with a peak of 455 ug/cu m/day(5).

The risk of soft tissue sarcoma following possible exposure to phenoxy acid herbicides was studied in 354,620 Swedish men, who were employed in agriculture or forestry according to a national census in 1960. This cohort was further divided into six subcorhorts, on assumed exposure to phenoxy acid herbicides. The reference cohort encompased 1,725,845 Swedish men employed in other industries. All persons were followed up in the cancer-environment register during the period 1961-79. A total of 331 cases of soft tissue sarcomas was observed in the study cohort and there were 1,508 cases in the reference group (relative risk 0.9; 95% confidence interval, 0.8-1.0). No subcohort of agricultural or forestry workers showed any significantly increased relative risk, nor was there any significant difference in relative risk between the subcohorts. Despite the greatly increased use of phenoxy acid herbicides from 1947 to 1970, no time-related increase in the relative risk of soft tissue sarcoma was found in the total cohort or in any of the subcohorts. /Phenoxy acid herbicides/

IN THREE HUMAN BEINGS, ABSORPTION OF AN UNSPECIFIED ESTER OF DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID THROUGH SKIN CAUSED POLYNEURITIS, BUT WITH NO DISTURBANCE OF EYES OR VISION. /2,4-D ESTER/

SUBJECTIVE CLINICAL SYMPTOMS REPORTED AMONG WORKERS USING VARIOUS ESTERS & SALTS OF 2,4-D INCL RAPID FATIGUE, HEADACHE, LOSS OF APPETITE & PAIN IN THE REGION OF THE LIVER & STOMACH. SENSITIVITY TO TASTE & SMELL WAS LOWERED. /2,4-D ESTERS AND SALTS/

The chlorophenoxy herbicides have produced contact dermatitis in man ... /Chlorophenoxy compounds/

IN THE BODY, THE ... ESTERS OF CHLOROPHENOXY COMPOUNDS ARE HYDROLYZED FAIRLY RAPIDLY SO THAT THE MAMMALIAN TOXICITY OF EACH COMPOUND DEPENDS MAINLY ON THE ACID INVOLVED. /CHLOROPHENOXY HERBICIDES/

D016; A solid waste containing 2,4-D (such as 2,4-D butyl ester) may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.

U240; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when 2,4-D acid, salts & esters as commercial chemical products or manufacturing chemical intermediates or off-specification commercial chemical products or manufacturing chemical intermediates, become wastes, they must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5). /2,4-D, salts and esters/

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Butyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate is found on List A, which contains most food use pesticides and consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA, as amended in 1988. Case No: 0073; Pesticide type: Fungicide, Herbicide (Growth Regulator); Registration Standard Date: 09/01/88; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): Butyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 10/13/95; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products. Thus, we characterize it as "cancelled."

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. 2,4-D Butyl ester is included on this list.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). /2,4-D, salts and esters/

2,4-D ester is designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance. This designation includes any isomers and hydrates, as well as any solutions and mixtures containing this substance. /2,4-D ester/

(IL) ILLINOIS 10 ug/l

(NY) 50 ug/l

(AZ) ARIZONA 70 ug/l /2,4-D/

(MN) MINNESOTA 70 ug/l /2,4-D/

Formerly used as a herbicide; [HSDB]

No longer registered in the USA; [HSDB]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered products.

For 2,4-D butyl ester (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 030056) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

HERBICIDE FOR PASTURE & RANGELANDS; AGRICULTURAL USE-EG, WHEAT, CORN, GRAIN SORGHUM, RICE AND OTHER GRAINS; INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL USES; LAWNS, TURF, & AQUATIC USE; OTHER FIELD CROPS-EG, NUTS; COMPONENT OF HERBICIDE FOR JUNGLE DEFOLIATION-FORMER USE /2,4-D AND DERIVATIVES/

CANADIAN DEPT NATL HEALTH & WELFARE REPORTED ON OCT 23, 1980, THAT SOME COMMERCIAL SAMPLES OF 2,4-D BUTYL ESTER CONTAIN SMALL QUANTITIES OF 2,7- & 2,8-DICHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN, 1,3,7- OR 1,3,8-TRICHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN, & 1,3,6,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN.

SIXTEEN SAMPLES OF 2,4-D, AS ESTERS AND AMINE SALTS, WERE ANALYZED FOR CHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS. DI-, TRI-, & TETRA-CHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXINS WERE IDENTIFIED. ESTER FORMULATIONS SHOWED MUCH HIGHER LEVELS OF CONTAMINATION THAN AMINE /2,4-D ESTERS AND AMINE SALTS/

1.60X10+9 g /Herbicide preparations containing 2,4-D or its salts or esters/

8.74X10+6 lb /Herbicide preparations containing acetic acid (2,4-D) or its salts or esters/

75% AS A SELECTIVE HERBICIDE FOR BROADLEAF WEEDS & BRUSH, ON SMALL GRAINS, CORN, SORGHUM, RICE, OTHER MINOR CROPS, & GRAZING LAND; 13% FOR INDUSTRIAL & COMMERCIAL USE ON NON-CROPLAND; 6% BY GOVERNMENT AGENCIES ON NON-CROPLAND; 6% FOR HOME & GARDEN USE ON TURF (1972) /2,4-D, AMINE SALTS, & ESTERS/

PASTURE & RANGELANDS, 26%; WHEAT, 26%; CORN, 14%; INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL USES, 11%; LAWNS & TURF, 4%; AQUATIC USES, 3%; GRAIN SORGHUM, 3%; RICE, 1%; OTHER GRAINS, 11%; OTHER FIELD CROPS-EG, DECIDUOUS NUTS & FRUITS, CITRUS, & VEGETABLES, 2% (1982) /2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXY ACETIC ACID, ESTERS, & SALTS/

REACTION OF 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXY ACETIC ACID WITH N-BUTYL ALCOHOL

/2,4-D/ esters are formed by acid-catalyzed esterification with azeotropic distillation of water ... or by a direct synthesis in which the appropriate ester of monochloroacetic acid is reacted with dichlorophenol to form the 2,4-D ester. /2,4-D esters/

2,4-D n-butyl ester is a component of Orange Component, Orange II Component, and Purple Component.

Herbicide orange is a reddish-brown to tan colored liquid ... /which contained the following components/: n-butyl ester of 2,4-D: 49.49%, free acid of 2,4-D: 0.13%, n-butyl ester of 2,4,5-T: 48.75%, free acid of 2,4,5-T: 1.00%, inert ingredients (eg, butyl alcohol and ester moieties): 0.63%.

AS COMPONENT OF 'AGENT ORANGE' (50:50 MIXT OF N-BUTYL ESTERS OF 2,4-D & 2,4,5-T, CONTAINING UP TO 30 MG/KG OR MORE TCDD /2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN/, & OF 'AGENT PURPLE' (50:30:20 MIXT OF N-BUTYL ESTERS OF 2,4-D & N-BUTYL & ISOBUTYL ESTERS OF 2,4,5-T).

Amoco 2,4-D Weed Killer No 5 (butyl & isopropyl esters of 2,4-D)

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for 2,4-D BUTYL ESTER (33 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Chlorophenoxy herbicides are applied alone or as mixtures with other herbicides, in solutions, dispersions, or emulsions in water &/or oil, using equipment that produces large droplets to avoid spray drift. /Chlorophenoxy herbicides/

Ester formulations may be used in relatively hard water ... emulsion compatibility test should be made before using with other pesticides or fertilizers. /2,4-D/

New Zealand: The spraying of phenoxyherbicides is restricted within prescribed distances of vineyards. /Phenoxyherbicides/

Ester formulations are purified by vacuum distillation. /2,4-D esters/

For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for 2,4-D BUTYL ESTER (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.