2,3-디브로모프로파놀

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you should spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Seal the absorbent paper, as well as any of your clothing which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash any surfaces you may have contaminated with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2,3-dibromopropanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2,3-dibromopropanol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), obtained using a fragment constant estimation method(3). 2,3-Dibromopropanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.09 mm Hg(4). Limited data indicate that 2,3-dibromopropanol may biodegrade under aerobic conditions(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2,3-dibromopropanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(3,SRC), from an estimated log Kow(6,SRC), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Limited data indicate that 2,3-dibromopropanol may biodegrade under aerobic conditions(7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,3-dibromopropanol, which has a vapor pressure of 0.092 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,3-dibromopropanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half- life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8 days(SRC) from its estimated rate constant of 2.07X10-12 atm cu m/mol(3).

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=96-13-9]

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 2,3-dibromopropanol can be estimated to be about 4(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,3-dibromopropanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

2,3-Dibromopropan-1-ol

Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

Volume 77: (2000) Some Industrial Chemicals

2000

2000

2,3-Dibromo-1-Propanol

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for 2,3-dibromopropanol(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.96(1,SRC) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

The Henry's Law constant for 2,3-dibromopropanol is estimated as 6.3X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2,3-dibromopropanol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 107 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 780 days(SRC). 2,3-Dibromopropanol's Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC). 2,3-Dibromopropanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 0.092 mm Hg(3).

A SINGLE IP INJECTION OF THE CARCINOGENIC FLAME RETARDANT, TRIS(2,3-DIBROMOPROPYL)PHOSPHATE (TRIS-BP) (154 MG/KG), WHEN ADMIN TO MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS, CAUSED POLYURIC ACUTE RENAL FAILURE WITH TUBULAR NECROSIS INVOLVING THE LATE PROXIMAL TUBULE. GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE AND IN VITRO TRANSPORT OF THE ORGANIC ACID, PARA-AMINOHIPPURATE AND THE ORGANIC BASE, METHYLNICOTINAMIDE, WERE DEPRESSED. IN CONSTRAST, AN APPROX EQUIMOLAR DOSE OF THE METABOLITE 2,3-DIBROMOPROPANOL (BP) (61 MG/KG) WAS NONNEPHROTOXIC.

... CONCLUSIONS Under the conditions of these long term dermal studies, there was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of 2,3-dibromo-1 -propanol in male F344/N rats based on increased incidences of neoplasms of the skin, nose, oral mucosa, esophagus, forestomach, small and large intestine, Zymbal's gland, liver, kidney, tunica vaginalis, and spleen. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of 2,3-dibromo-1-propanol in female F344/N rats based on increased incidences of neoplasms of the skin, nose, oral mucosa, esophagus, forestomach, small and large intestine, Zymbal's gland, liver, kidney, clitoral gland, and mammary gland. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of 2,3-dibromo-1- propanol in male B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of neoplasms of the skin, forestomach, liver, and lung. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of 2,3-dibromo-1-propanol in female B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of neoplasms of the skin and the forestomach. The increased incidences of alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas in female mice may have been related to chemical administration.

2,3-Dibromo-1-propanol is a metabolite of the flame retardant tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, previously shown to be a mutagen and carcinogen in experimental animals. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of 2,3-dibromo-1-propanol were conducted by applying the chemical in 95% ethanol to the interscapular skin of male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice 5 days a week for 13 weeks in the prechronic study and 48-55 weeks (rats) or 36-42 weeks (mice) in the carcinogenicity study. In the 13-week study, 10 rats and 10 mice of each sex received doses of 0, 44, 88, 177, 375, or 750 mg/kg. Deaths associated with chemical application occurred only in the high-dose (750 mg/kg) male mice. Chemical-related lesions were seen in the kidney of male rats, liver of female rats, and liver and lung of both sexes of mice. Based on the toxicity observed in the 13-week study, 50 rats of each sex received doses of 0, 188, or 375 mg/kg and 50 mice of each sex received 0, 88, or 177 mg/kg in the carcinogenicity study. The planned 2-year study was terminated early because of reduced survival of rats related to chemical-induced neoplasia and because of the appearance of antibodies to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in sentinel mice. Nearly all dosed rats had malignant neoplasms at one or more sites, while only one control male and one control female had malignant neoplasms. In rats, neoplasms induced by 2,3-dibromo-1-propanol occurred in the skin, nasal mucosa, Zymbal's gland, oral mucosa, esophagus, forestomach, intestines, liver, kidney, mammary gland (females), clitoral gland (females), spleen (males), and mesothelium (males). In mice, chemical-induced neoplasms occurred in the skin, forestomach, liver (males), and lung (males).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,3-dibromopropanol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 2,3-Dibromopropanol is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental spectrum(2).

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, use, and exposure to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 2,3-Dibromopropanol is included on this list.