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· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

General First Aid:

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

IN GENERAL, MATERIALS WHICH ARE TOXIC AS STORED OR WHICH CAN DECOMP INTO TOXIC COMPONENTS...SHOULD BE STORED IN COOL, WELL-VENTILATED PLACE, OUT OF DIRECT RAYS OF SUN, AWAY FROM AREAS OF HIGH FIRE HAZARD & SHOULD BE PERIODICALLY INSPECTED & MONITORED.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard.

Personnel protection: Keep upwind. Avoid breathing vapors. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. ...

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 58(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that cyclopentanol will have high mobility in soil(SRC); leaching of this compound may be important under some environmental conditions(SRC). In soil, cyclopentanol is expected to readily biodegrade(SRC). In tests using activated sludge inocula, 95% of the inital COD (cyclopentanol at 200 mg/L COD), was removed over 120 hours(4); 97%(5) of the theoretical BOD was obtained within 5 days (cyclopentanol at 100 mg/L). Volatilization of cyclopentanol should be important from dry soil surfaces(SRC) given a measured vapor pressure of 1892 mm Hg at 25 °C(6). Volatilization from moist soil surfaces will be very slow(SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(7,SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 58(SRC), determined from an experimental log Kow(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that cyclopentanol will not adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC) in the water. Cyclopentanol is expected to readily biodegrade in water(SRC). In tests using activated sludge inocula, 95% of the inital COD (cyclopentanol at 200 mg/L COD), was removed over 120 hours(4); 97%(5) of the theoretical BOD was obtained within 5 days (cyclopentanol at 100 mg/L). Cyclopentanol will volatilize from water surfaces based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.6X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(6). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 13 and 98 days, respectively(3,SRC). An estimated BCF value of 2(3,SRC), from a measured log Kow(2), suggests that cyclopentanol will bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms(SRC) according to a recommended classification scheme(7).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a suggested classification scheme(1), a measured vapor pressure of 1892 mm Hg at 25 °C(2) indicates that cyclopentanol will mainly exist in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase cyclopentanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 1.5 days(3,SRC).

The Koc of cyclopentanol is estimated as approximately 58(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 0.71(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that cyclopentanol has high mobility in soil(SRC).

Cyclopentanol (CAS # 96-41-3) was evaluated for acute oral toxicity. The test substance was administered by gavage to Wistar-derived male rats. Dosage and mortality data are as follows: 2.5 ml/kg (5/5); 1.25 ml/kg (5/5); and 0.625 ml/kg (5/6). Toxic signs included sluggish; unsteady gait; red fluid around eyes and mouth; and convulsions at 1.25 and 0.625 ml/kg. Gross pathology revealed mottled red and tan livers; distended and gas-filled stomachs; and pale kidneys.

Cyclopentanol (CAS # 96-41-3) was evaluated for acute dermal toxicity. The test substance was applied once to the clipped-intact skin of male New Zealand white rabbits for 24 hours. Dosages and mortality data are as follows: 1.60 ml/kg (2/2); 0.20 ml/kg (4/4); 0.10 ml/kg (0/4); and 0.05 ml/kg (0/2). The LD50 was determined to be 0.141 ml/kg. Toxic signs at 0.20 ml/kg and above, include erythema, edema, vocalization, hyperactivity, lacrimation and convulsions. Gross pathology revealed mottled red and light tan livers, and tan kidneys.

Cyclopentanol (CAS # 96-41-3) was evaluated for acute inhalation toxicity. The test substance was administered to 6 rats (strain and sex not indicated) per single exposure for 136 minutes (100% mortality) or 68 minutes (no mortalities) as a substantially saturated atmosphere at room temperature. LT50 was determined to be 96 minutes. Mortality resulted after a few hours. Toxic signs included lacrimation, hypoactivity, severe tremors, ataxia, salivation, dilated pupils, and coordination loss. Gross pathology revealed dark red lungs, and gas-filled stomach and intestines.

Cyclopentanol (CAS # 96-41-3) was evaluated for primary dermal irritation. The test substance was applied in 0.01 ml amounts to the clipped, uncovered intact skin of 5 rabbits (sex and strain not indicated), either undiluted or in dilutions of 10%, 1.0%, 0.1%, or 0.01% solvent. No irritation was noted on 4 rabbits, and moderate capillary injection was noted on one rabbit (Grade 2) at an unspecified concentration.

Cyclopentanol (CAS # 96-41-3) was evaluated for primary eye irritation. The test substance was applied to the conjunctival sac of 5 rabbits (sex and strain not indicated) at 0.005 ml, 0.02 ml, 0.10 ml, or 0.5 ml of undiluted or 0.5 ml of 40%, 15%, 5%, or 1% dilutions of test material. Moderate to severe corneal injury with iritis resulted from 0.005 ml of undiluted and 0.5 ml of 40% dilution of test material. No injury to minor corneal injury, with iritis in one rabbit, resulted from 15% dilution.

Cyclopentanol was detected in 10% of expired air samples taken from an urban population of humans(28 subjects, 224 expired air samples); the average concentration was 0.9 ng cyclopentanol/L expired air(1). 8.5% of 387 expired air samples from 54 human subjects contained cyclopentanol at an average concentration of 0.329 ng/L expired air(2).

LIQUID ALICYCLIC HYDROCARBONS WILL DEHYDRATE & DELIPIDIZE SKIN ON REPEATED OR PROLONGED CONTACT & CAUSE DERMATITIS. DIRECT CONTACT...WITH LUNG TISSUE (ASPIRATION) WILL CAUSE PULMONARY EDEMA, PNEUMONITIS & HEMORRHAGE. VAPORS IN SUFFICIENT CONCN WILL CAUSE IRRITATION OF MUCOUS MEMBRANES. /ALICYCLIC HYDROCARBONS/

TOXICOLOGICALLY, THE ALICYCLIC HYDROCARBONS RESEMBLE THEIR OPEN CHAIN RELATIVES, THE ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS. IN GENERAL, THEY ARE ANESTHETICS & CNS DEPRESSANTS WITH A RELATIVLY LOW ORDER OF ACUTE TOXICITY. ...CUMULATIVE TOXICITY FROM REPEATED EXPOSURE TO LOW ATMOSPHERIC CONCN IS IMPROBABLE. /ALICYCLIC HYDROCARBONS/

Cyclopentanol, present at a COD of 200 mg/L, was readily biodegraded with 97% COD removal in 5 days using an adapted, activated sludge inoculum(1). A 5 day BOD test using a non-adapted sewage culture resulted in a BOD nearly 95% of the theoretical for cyclopentanol(2). Cyclopentanol at 100 mg/L had a BOD 53% of the theoretical after 24 hours, using a Warburg respirometer(2). Trichosporon cutaneum KUY-6A, a yeast strain isolated from a soil enrichment culture, was able to grow using cyclopentanol(3).

An estimated BCF value of 2 was calculated for cyclopentanol(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 0.71(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms will not be low(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for cyclopentanol is estimated as 2.6X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This value indicates that cyclopentanol will volatilize from water surfaces(2,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 13 days(2,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 98 days(2,SRC). Cyclopentanol's high vapor pressure, 1892 mm Hg(3) indicates that volatilization from dry soil surfaces should occur(SRC); based on this compound's Henry's Law constant(1,SRC), significant volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of cyclopentanol with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been measured as 10.7X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1.5 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC).