벤젠술폰 산

Fires involving this compound can be extinguished using a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Use water in large amounts, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use dry chemical, dry sand, or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustible are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Biodegradation: Benzene sulfonic acid is biodegradable. However, process waste water consisting of mixtures may react differently to bacteria than the pure substances contained in it. It must thus be checked beforehand that the process waste water can be handled by a biological sewage treatment plant, or whether the organic components must be destroyed by wet oxidation or incineration after removing the bulk of the water. Recommendable methods: Incineration, neutralization, discharge to sewer. Peer-review: Neutralize with alkali (care, strong acid) and wash well diluted to sewer. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Personal protection: face shield, chemical protection suit and particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered plastic containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning material. Avoid bodily contact with the material. Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots, and goggles. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(3), benzenesulfonic acid should have very high mobility(SRC) in soil based on estimated Koc values ranging from 1.4 to 12(1,2,SRC). Biodegradation of benzenesulfonic acid is likely to occur in soil media provided adequate acclimation by microorganisms occurs(6). Volatilization of benzenesulfonic acid is not expected from either moist or dry soils(SRC) based on an estimated vapor pressure of approximately 2.36X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(4,SRC) and an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.52X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(5,SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: AQUATIC FATE: Benzenesulfonic acid is expected to be essentially non-volatile from water based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.52X10-9 atm-cu m/mol(SRC), developed using a fragment constant method(1). Biodegradation of benzenesulfonic acid is likely to occur in aquatic media provided adequate acclimation by microorganisms occurs(2). Aquatic bioconcentration, adsorption to sediment, and hydrolysis are not expected to be important fate processes(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based on an estimated vapor pressure of approximately 2.36X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(1,SRC), benzenesulfonic acid will exist in the atmosphere in the vapor and particulate phases(2). It will degrade in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of 29 days(3). Removal of benzenesulfonic acid from the atmosphere can occur through wet and dry deposition(SRC).

Cough. Sore throat. Shortness of breath. Laboured breathing. Burning sensation. Headache. Nausea.

Redness. Burning sensation. Pain. Skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

Sore throat. Burning sensation in the throat and chest. Abdominal pain. Shock or collapse.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1,SRC), the Koc for benzenesulfonic acid can be estimated to be about 12(SRC). The Koc for benzenesulfonic acid can also be estimated to be about 1.4 based on an estimated log Kow of -2.25(3) and a regression derived equation(2). According to a suggested classification scheme(4), these estimated Koc values suggest that benzenesulfonic acid has very high soil mobility.

...GROUP...FREE FROM SERIOUS SYSTEMIC OR CUMULATIVE EFFECTS. ...ANOMALIES IN RELATIONSHIP OF ACID IONIZATION CONSTANTS AND LOCAL DAMAGE TO BODY SURFACES. ...CONTACT WITH HEATED VAPOR OR SUBLIMATES...MAY BE IRRITATION OF UPPER RESP TRACT & EYES & SKIN. /AROMATIC SULFONIC ACIDS/

Decomposition of benzenesulfonic acid took 16 days by a soil microflora inoculum in mineral salts medium(1). Sodium benzenesulfonate had a 5-day theoretical BOD (at 20 °C) of 2.6, 74.5, and 38.8% in sewage seed, acclimated activated sludge seed, and by the Warburg technique with acclimated activated sludge, respectively(2). A biodegradation study using 100 mg/l benzenesulfonic acid, consumed 62, 58, and 344 ul oxygen in an endogenous control, benzenesulfonic acid adapted cells, and benzenesulonic acid and phenol adapted cells, respectviely, in 230 minutes(3). In a 2 week closed bottle study, with 100 mg/l benzenesulfonic acid and 30 mg/l sludge, benzenesulfonic acid gave a theoretical BOD of 87%(4). Benzenesulfonic acid utilized 10.7 mg of TOC/g of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids per hour in acclimated activated sludge, indicating that the activated sludge possessed the necessary catabolic enzymes required for degradation(5).

The sulfonated benzene structure appears to offer no real resistance to bacterial breakdown since BOD tests carried out on this structure in dilute solutions in river water result in considerable oxygen depletion(1). Benzenesulfonic acid is resistant to chemical oxidation by KMnO4 and to biochemical oxidation under conditions of 5 day BOD determination(2). Under conditions of dichromate COD determination, oxidation of benzenesulfonic acid amounts to 94%(2). Benzenesulfonic acid is deemed degradable by the Japanese MITI test(3). Benzenesulfonic acid allowed visible growth of 12 of 14 species of phenol- utilizing bacteria after 5 days at 30 °C(4). Benzenesulfonic acid degraded only about 4% after 13 months in aquifer slurries from both sulfate reducing and methanogenic sites(5). A study on oxidation of selected carcinogenic compounds (including sodium benzenesulfonate) by activated sludge found no significant oxidation for any compounds studied(6). The presence of a sulfonate grouping on benzene greatly reduces the susceptibility of benzenesulfonic acid to biological oxidation(7). Benzenesulfonic acid was degraded with difficulty, if at all, in aniline-acclimated activated sludge(8).

Of 21 laboratories reporting on the degradation of sodium benzenesulfonate, 14 observed greater than 60% theoretical oxygen demand after an average lag time of 12 days and biodegradation time of 28 days(1). Benzenesulfonic acid was degraded (based on COD) 98.5% at a rate of 10.6 mg COD/gram-hour by microbes in adapted activated sludge inoculum(2). Benzenesulfonic acid should be degradable by biological sewage treatment provided suitable acclimation can be achieved(3). Benzenesulfonic acid biodegraded with a lag time of 100-110 hours, a rate of 0.013-0.034 per hour, and a half-life of 170-180 hours using a electrolytic respirometer in water indicating that it is biodegraded partially in a long time by acclimatized microorganisms(4,5). Benzenesulfonic acid degraded greater than 90% after 9 days with 2 days of acclimation and a degradation rate after adaptation of 11% COD/day(6).

Based upon an estimated a Log Kow of -2.25(1), the BCF of benzenesulfonic acid can be estimated to be approximately 1.15 from a regression-derived equation(2). This estimated BCF value suggests that bioconcentration of benzenesulfonic acid in aquatic organisms is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for benzenesulfonic acid can be estimated to be 2.52X10-9 atm-cu m/mole using a structure estimation method(1). This value of Henry's Law constant indicates that benzenesulfonic acid is essentially non-volatile from water(2).

...ACUTE EFFECTS ON SKIN- SEVERE SKIN IRRITATION IN GUINEA PIG. /FROM TABLE/

...RATED 9 ON RABBIT EYES. ...TESTED EXTERNALLY ON EYES OF RABBITS &...RATED NUMERICALLY ON SCALE OF 1-10 ACCORDING TO DEGREE OF INJURY...AFTER 24 HR /OBSERVATION/, PAYING PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO CONDITION OF CORNEA. MOST SEVERE INJURIES HAVE BEEN RATED 10.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of benzenesulfonic acid with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be approximately 5.6X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), using a structure estimation method(1,SRC) This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 29 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10(+5) hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). The reaction rate constant for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with benzenesulfonic acid was experimentally determined to be 1.76X10-9 L/mole-sec(2). Photolysis of benzenesulfonic acid in an aqueous solution gave sulfurous acid, SO2 and/or sulfuric acid in a total yield of 38.6%(3). Photolysis of an alkaline solution of benzenesulfonic acid afforded mostly benzene and biphenyl(3). Sulfonic acids are generally resistant to aqueous environmental hydrolysis(4); therefore, benzenesulfonic acid is not expected to hydrolyze in environmental media(SRC). Benzenesulfonic acid had a very strong resistance to ozonation(5).