5-나이트로-o-톨루딘

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

This chemical may burn but does not easily ignite. Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or alcohol or polymer foam extinguishers. Poisonous gases including nitrogen oxides are produced in fire. If materials or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped.

Prior to working with this chemical you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area away from oxidizers, strong acids, acid cholrides, acid anhydrides, chloroformates. Where possible, automatically pump liquid from drums or other storage containers to process containers. Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames are prohibited where this chemical is handled, used, or stored. Metal containers involving the transfer of 5 gallons or more of this chemical should be grounded and bonded. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Use only non-sparking tools and equipment, especially when opening and closing containers of this chemical. Wherever this chemical is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings.

Evacuate persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Use HEPA vacuum or wet method to reduce dust during clean-up. Do not dry sweep. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area of spill or leak after clean-up is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations. If employees are required to clean-up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

[40 CFR 240-280, 300-306, 702-799 (7/1/2006)] Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U181, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaiminant (>/= 100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.

A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

Wear protective gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can provide recommendations on the most protective glove/clothing material for your operation. All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each day, and put on before work. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Wear dust-proof chemical goggles and face shield unless full facepiece respiratory protection is worn. Employees should wash immediately with soap when skin is wet or contaminated. Provide emergency showers and eyewash.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

1.0 [mg/m3], inhalable fraction and vapor

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 1 mg/cu m (inhalable fraction)

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed 3 times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 minutes during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed 5 times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded.

A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.

3.0 [mg/m3]

19 [mg/m3]

110 [mg/m3]

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with a combination filter cartridge, i.e. organic vapor/acid gas/HEPA (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas, SO2 and a high efficiency particulate filter). (NTP, 1992)

Where the potential for exposure to this chemical, use a MSHA/NIOSH approved supplied-air-respirator with a full facepiece operated in the positive pressure mode or with a full facepiece, hood, or helmet in the continuous flow mode, or use a MSHA/NIOSH approved self-contained breathing apparatus operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode).

EC50; Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae, log growth phase); Conditions: freshwater, static, 25 °C, pH 6.0-7.5; Concentration: 101.5 uM for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 59.4-175.5 uM); Effect: decreased population abundance /formulated product/

EC50; Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea, first instar larvae); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH 7.2-8.6, hardness 26 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 45 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 8.7 mg/L (8.6-8.8 mg/L); Concentration: 22500 ug/L for 48 hr; Effect: intoxication, immobilization /formulated product/

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow, juvenile, length 2.4 cm, weight 0.28 g); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20.3 °C (19.5-22.0 °C), pH 7.6 (6.0-9.2), hardness 29.6 mg/L CaCO3 (12.0-43.0 mg/L), alkalinity 31.0 mg/L CaCO3 (15.0-60.0 mg/L), dissolved oxygen 7.2 mg/L (2.8-9.4 mg/L); Concentration: 68800 ug/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 64200-74200 ug/L) /95-99% purity/

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow, juvenile, weight 0.09 g, length 1.9 cm); Conditions: freshwater, static, 20 °C, pH 7.2-8.6, hardness 26 mg/L CaCO3, alkalinity 45 mg/L CaCO3, dissolved oxygen 8.2 mg/L (8.2-8.3 mg/L); Concentration: 71300 ug/L for 96 hr /formulated product/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 690 and 810 reported in sewage sludge(2), indicates that 5-nitro-o-toluidine is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 5-nitro-o-toluidine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.3X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). 5-Nitro-o-toluidine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 9.8X10-4 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). 5-Nitro-o-toluidine was reported to degrade 100% after 104 days in studies using activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant with no previous exposure to nitroaromatic compounds, as well as in studies using inoculum from a plant that routinely treats dinitrotoluene-contaminated wastewater(5). Degradation products identified were 2,4-diaminotoluene, 4-nitrotoluene, and 6-nitroindazole(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 690 and 810 reported in sewage sludge(2), indicates that 5-nitro-o-toluidine is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.3X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4) According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 5.5(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.87(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). 5-Nitro-o-toluidine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). 5-Nitro-o-toluidine was reported to degrade 100% after 104 days in studies using activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant with no previous exposure to nitroaromatic compounds, as well as in studies using inoculum from a plant that routinely treats dinitrotoluene-contaminated wastewater(8). Degradation products identified were 2,4-diaminotoluene, 4-nitrotoluene, and 6-nitroindazole(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 5-nitro-o-toluidine, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 9.8X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 5-nitro-o-toluidine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.4 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.2X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). 2-Methyl-5-nitrobenzenamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=99-55-8]

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Methemoglobinemia is the major toxic effect observed following excessive absorption of 5-nitro-o-toluidine.. Symptoms of exposure include bluish lips and/or fingernails, headache, nausea, and fatigue

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Methemoglobinemia ... is also the major toxic effect observed in workers following excessive exposure. In addition, upon dermal contact the compounds may irritate the skin and cause dermatitis.

/CASE REPORTS/ Of 15 workers in the same factory who handled 5-nitro-o-toluidine, three were hospitalized with symptoms of acute liver dysfunction. Suspecting a link between liver dysfunction and working conditions, ... workplace factors /were correlated/ with clinical findings in all 15 workers. ... Blood biochemistry tests indicated liver damage in seven of 15 study subjects. Workers who handled 5-nitro-o-toluidine and nitrosyl sulfuric acid often loosened their respiratory protective equipment shortly after 5-nitro-o-toluidine powder had been dispersed into the air of the room. No potential hepatotoxins were present except for 5-nitro-o-toluidine. Six of the affected workers had handled 5-nitro-o-toluidine 12 to 20 times; the seventh worker had handled the powder three times; and the other eight workers without liver dysfunction had handled the material once or twice. No other significant differences in background were evident between the affected and unaffected workers, such as age, sex, or protective measures. Histological findings during recovery from liver damage were similar to those of acute viral hepatitis. None of the 15 subjects has demonstrated liver damage since the factory was closed. ...

AEROBIC: 5-Nitro-o-toluidine was readily consumed in enrichment cultures using an inoculum from a munitions wastewater treatment plant(1). 5-Nitro-o-toluidine was reported to degrade 100% after 104 days in studies using activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant with no previous exposure to nitroaromatic compounds, as well as in studies using inoculum from a plant that routinely treats dinitrotoluene-contaminated wastewater(2). Degradation products identified were 2,4-diaminotoluene, 4-nitrotoluene, and 6-nitroindazole(2).

5-Nitro-ortho-toluidine

Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

Volume 48: (1990) Some Flame Retardants and Textile Chemicals, and Exposures in the Textile Manufacturing Industry

1990

1989

5-Nitro-o-toluidine

U181; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when 5-nitro-o-toluidine, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).