N-니트로소피페리딘

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practicable to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired. ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms. ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal. ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately. ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly. ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated. ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Nitrosamine residues generated in laboratory research or accidental spills in research laboratories and diluted to concn of 10 mg/l or less are rapidly reduced to innocuous amines, ammonia, or alcohols by aluminum-nickel alloy powder and aqueous alkali. The method is applicable to a variety of media (water, mineral oil, olive oil, dimethylsulfoxide, soln of agar gel) but is not recommended for use with nitrosamines in acetone or dichloromethane because reactions are slow and incomplete. After the reduced reaction mixture is filtered, the liquid is disposed of by pouring it over sufficient absorbent material to convert it to a solid waste for incineration. /Nitrosamines/

Decontamination of N-nitrosamines contaminated glassware /was described/. /N-nitrosamines/

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you should spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Seal the absorbent paper, as well as any of your clothing which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash any surfaces you may have contaminated with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U179, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.[

A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds & specific methods of chem destruction ... published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste. ... Summary of avail methods & recommendations ... /given/ must be treated as guide only. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for N-NITROSOPIPERIDINE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Smoking, drinking, eating, storage of food or of food & beverage containers or utensils, & the application of cosmetics should be prohibited in any laboratory. All personnel should remove gloves, if worn, after completion of procedures in which carcinogens have been used. They should ... wash ... hands, preferably using dispensers of liq detergent, & rinse ... thoroughly. Consideration should be given to appropriate methods for cleaning the skin, depending on nature of the contaminant. No standard procedure can be recommended, but the use of organic solvents should be avoided. Safety pipettes should be used for all pipetting. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": In animal laboratory, personnel should remove their outdoor clothes & wear protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... clothing should be changed daily but ... discarded immediately if obvious contamination occurs ... /also,/ workers should shower immediately. In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators may be necessary when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons might provide additional protection. If gowns are of distinctive color, this is a reminder that they should not be worn outside of lab. /Chemical Carcinogens/

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Operations connected with synthesis & purification ... should be carried out under well-ventilated hood. Analytical procedures ... should be carried out with care & vapors evolved during ... procedures should be removed. ... Expert advice should be obtained before existing fume cupboards are used ... & when new fume cupboards are installed. It is desirable that there be means for decreasing the rate of air extraction, so that carcinogenic powders can be handled without ... powder being blown around the hood. Glove boxes should be kept under negative air pressure. Air changes should be adequate, so that concn of vapors of volatile carcinogens will not occur. /Chemical Carcinogens/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for N-NITROSOPIPERIDINE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to your gloves.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... Dispensers of liq detergent ... Safety pipettes ... for all pipetting. ... In animal laboratory ... protective suits (preferably disposable, one-piece & close-fitting at ankles & wrists), gloves, hair covering & overshoes. ... In chemical laboratory, gloves & gowns should always be worn ... however, gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection. Carefully fitted masks or respirators ... when working with particulates or gases, & disposable plastic aprons ... gowns ... /should be/ of distinctive color. /Chemical carcinogens/

Wear nitrile rubber gloves, protective laboratory coat, self-contained breathing apparatus, eye protection and protective shoes. /Nitrosamines/

N-Nitrosopiperidine was detected at a concentration range of 0.20 to 4.39 ug/cu m in 28 of 28 personal air samples of salt bath line operators, salt bath line feeders and assistants, and molding/finishing operators at a rubber vehicle sealing plant; site visits were on February 16, 1994 and May 2-5, 1994(1).

Mestranol was evaluated for mutagenicity in Salmonella histidine reversion assay. The pure form was not mutagenic in tester strains TA1535, TA100, TA98, TA1538, & TA1537. Mestranol & norethynodrel were capable of enhancing the mutation yield induced by an ineffective dosage of N-nitrosopiperidine.

The aim of this work was to determine the effect of vitamin C, diallyl disulfide (DADS) and dipropyl disulfide (DPDS) towards N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) and N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA)-induced apoptosis in human leukemia (HL-60) and hepatoma (HepG2) cell lines using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay. None of the vitamin C (5-50 uM), DADS and DPDS (1-5 uM) concentrations selected induced a significant percentage of apoptosis. In simultaneous treatments, vitamin C, DADS and DPDS reduced the apoptosis induced by NPIP and NDBA in HL-60 and HepG2 cells (around 70% of reduction). We also investigated its scavenging activities towards reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NPIP and NDBA using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate in both cell lines. ROS production induced by both N-nitrosamine was reduced to control levels by vitamin C (5-50 uM) in a dose-dependent manner. However, DADS (5 um) increased ROS levels induced by NPIP and NDBA in HL-60 (40 and 20% increase, respectively) and HepG2 cells (18% increase), whereas DPDS was more efficient scavenger of ROS at the lowest concentration (1 uM) in both HL-60 (52 and 25% reduction, respectively) and HepG2 cells (24% reduction). The data demonstrated that the scavenging ability of vitamin C and DPDS could contribute to inhibition of the NPIP- and NDBA-induced apoptosis. However, more than one mechanism, such as inhibition of phase I and/or induction of phase II enzymes, could be implicated in the protective effect of dietary antioxidants towards NPIP- and NDBA-induced apoptosis in HL-60 and HepG2 cells.

Estrogen has been shown to exert a modifying potential on carcinogenesis in various organs, and in particular the hormone-dependent tissues. The present experiments were carried out to determine the effects of post-initiation phase administration of ethinyl estradiol on tumor development in the liver, kidney, lung, thyroid, bladder and esophagus of male F344 rats. Animals were initiated by 2 weeks treatment with ... N-nitrosopiperidine, ... in their diet or drinking water, and starting 1 week after initiation, they were given diet with or without a 0.001% ethinyl estradiol supplement for 49 weeks, at which point the experiment was terminated. Ethinyl estradiol significantly increased the development of tumors of the liver ... In the liver, ethinyl estradiol also increased the development of glutathione S-transferase P type-positive lesions to various extents depending on the initiator used. Ethinyl estradiol administration was associated with an ... /increase of esophageal hyperplasis in N-nitrosopiperidine-intitated animals. No effect of ethinyl estradiol was evident regarding thyroid lesions.

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of isothiocyanates alone or in combination with vitamin C towards N-nitrosodibutylamine or N-nitrosopiperidine-induced oxidative DNA damage in the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)/HepG2 assay. Phenethyl isothiocyanate and indole-3-carbinol alone showed a weak protective effect towards N-nitrosodibutylamine (0.1 uM, 26-27%, respectively) or N-nitrosopiperidine (1 uM, 26-28%, respectively)-induced oxidative DNA damage. Allyl isothiocyanate alone did not attenuate the genotoxic effect provoked by N-nitrosodibutylamine or N-nitrosopiperidine. In contrast, HepG2 cells simultaneously treated with phenethyl isothiocyanate, indole-3-carbinol and isothiocyanates in combination with vitamin C showed a stronger inhibition of oxidative DNA-damage induced by N-nitrosodibutylamine (0.1 uM, 67%, 42%, 32%, respectively) or N-nitrosopiperidine (1 uM, 50%, 73%, 63%, respectively) than isothiocyanates alone. One feasible mechanism by which isothiocyanates alone or in combination with vitamin C exert their protective effects towards N-nitrosamine-induced oxidative DNA damage could be by the inhibition of their cytochrome P450 dependent bioactivation. Phenethyl isothiocyanate and I3C strongly inhibited the p-nitrophenol hydroxylation (CYP2E1) activity (0.1 uM, 66-50%, respectively), while the coumarin hydroxylase (CYP2A6) activity was slightly reduced (0.1 uM, 25-37%, respectively). However, the ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (CYP1A1) activity was only inhibited by phenethyl isothiocyanate (1 uM, 55%). The results indicate that phenethyl isothiocyanate and indole-3-carbinol alone or phenethyl isothiocyanate, indole-3-carbinol and allyl isothiocyanate in combination with vitamin C protects human-derived cells against the oxidative DNA damaging effects of N-nitrosodibutylamine and N-nitrosopiperidine, two food carcinogenic compounds.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for N-NITROSOPIPERIDINE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 170(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that N-nitrosopiperidine is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of N-nitrosopiperidine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 8.44X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(3). N-Nitrosopiperidine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 9.20X10-2 mm Hg at 20 °C(4). A 33% biodegradation in 30 days(5) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 170(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that N-nitrosopiperidine is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 8.44X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of 0.36(6) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Under conditions simulating Southern California midsummer, midday sun, N-nitrosopiperidine exhibited an aqueous photolysis half-life of 12 minutes(7). A 33% biodegradation in 30 days(8) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), N-nitrosopiperidine, which has a vapor pressure of 9.20X10-2 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase N-nitrosopiperidine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 5 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). N-Nitrosopiperidine has a UV absorption maximum of 337 nm in water(4), and therefore may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

OF 2826 FOOD SAMPLES IN GERMANY 2% CONTAINED N-NITROSOPIPERIDINE.

N-Nitrosopiperidine was found in 3 out of 62 samples of various cheeses at levels of 2 to 11 ug/kg. Less than 1.0 ug/kg was detected in smoked cod. N-Nitrosopiperidine has been found in meat products such as fried smoked back rashers (less than 1 ug/kg), Mettwurst sausage (20 to 60 ug/kg), bologna (14 to 50 ug/kg, 6 of 8 samples), wieners (15 to 50 ug/kg, 2 of 3 samples) and meatloaf (50 ug/kg). It has been reported at concentrations of 0 to 8.2 ug/kg in various processed and preserved meats. N-Nitrosopiperidine was identified in 27 out of 100 assorted raw and cooked meat samples at concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 64 ug/kg. The concentration of N-nitrosopiperidine in meat was found to increase substantially after cooking. Levels of 0.08 to 0.25 ug/kg were measured in 8 of 8 samples of cooked bacon; levels of 1 ug/kg were measured in cooking-fat from fried bacon. Dry premixed cures containing spices and sodium nitrite were found to contain up to 3000 ug/kg N-nitrosopiperidine(1).

75 samples of traditionally produced pork bacon and 37 samples of 4 bacon-like products which were manufactured from turkey, beef, pork and turkey, and beef and turkey were analyzed for volatile nitrosamines following preparation. All products were purchased in the US at retail stores in Oregon, California, Washington, Maryland, and Massachusetts between September 1993 and December 1994. N-Nitrosopiperidine was reported present only in those samples containing pepper, specifically traditional pork bacon with pepper, mean concentration 2.0, range 0.6-4.2 ug/kg(1).

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical.[Available from: http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=100-75-4]

Trace levels (<0.6 ppb) of N-nitrosopiperidine were detected in municipal sludge from Boston, MA and Galveston, TX(1). Levels of 0.03 ug/L N-nitrosopiperidine were reported to be found in waste water from 1 of 19 chemical factories(2). N-Nitrosopiperidine is a disinfection byproduct of water treatment and in reaction of disinfectant nitrosamines with natural organic matter in surface water(3,4).

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": ... In relation specifically to cancer hazards, there are at present no health monitoring methods that may ensure the early detection of preneoplastic lesions or lesions which may prelude them. Whenever medical surveillance is indicated, in particular when exposure to a carcinogen has occurred, ad hoc decisions should be taken concerning additional tests that might become useful or mandatory. /Chemical Carcinogens/

The Koc of N-nitrosopiperidine is estimated as 170(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.36(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that N-nitrosopiperidine is expected to have high mobility in soil.

No evidence was found that N-nitrosopiperidine has been detected as a natural product(SRC). The formation of nitrosamines in natural ecosystems in the presence of high concentrations of secondary amines and nitrite has been demonstrated(1). Nitrite concentrations may be high in localized areas in soil and food to effect nitrosation of piperidine(1).

SOURCE DOMINATED: N-Nitrosopiperidine was detected at a range of 3.9 to 7.6 ug/cu m in air samples from a rubber vehicle sealing plant on February 16, 1994. Concentrations ranging from 1.35 to 10.17 ug/cu m were measured during a followup May 2-5, 1994 site visit(1). The compound was detected in 28% of 177 samples from 24 rubber manufacturing plants in France sampled from December 1992 to November 1995; the median concentration was 0.24 ug/cu m, maximum, 2.1 ug/cu m(2).

/BIOMONITORING/ /The investigators/ assessed the exposure of total N-nitroso compounds (TNOCs) in the inhabitants of high- and low-risk areas for esophageal cancer in southern China. Samples of 24 hr diet and 12 hr overnight urine were collected from 120 male adults in each of the 2 areas, a high-risk area (Nan'ao County) and a low-risk area (Lufeng County) for esophageal cancer. Annual standardized mortality rates of esophageal cancer in Nan'ao and Lufeng are 110/10(6) and 10/10(6) respectively. The 240 healthy male subjects (35-64 years old) were selected by a 3-stage random cluster sample procedure. Levels of TNOCs, NAAs and volatile nitrosamines in the samples were measured. The TNOC detection rate (95%) in the diet, the TNOC daily intake (4.25 +/- 0.84 umol), TNOC excretion levels (0.04 +/- 0.01 nmol/12 hr) and daily intake of volatile nitrosamines (5.84 +/- 0.71 umol) in the high-risk area were significantly greater than values in the low-risk area (A +/- B = mean +/- SE). The TNOC detection rate in the diet, the TNOC daily intake, TNOC excretion levels and daily intake of volatile nitrosamines in the low-risk area were 70%, 0.25 +/- 0.06 umol, 0.02 +/- 0.01 nmol/12 hr and 3.18 +/- 0.31 umol, respectively. NAA excretion levels showed no difference between the 2 areas (16.3 +/- 7.18 umol/12 hr for Nan'ao and 31.2 +/- 26.4 umol/12 hr for Lufeng). Thus, TNOCs are implicated in the etiology of esophageal cancer in southern China. /N-nitroso compounds/

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ The human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) exhibited a dose and time-dependent apoptotic response following treatment with N-Nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) and N-Nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA), two recognized human carcinogens. Our results showed a significant apoptotic cell death (95%) after 24 hr treatment with NDBA (3.5 mM), whereas it was necessary to use high doses of NPIP (45 mM) to obtain a similar percentage of apoptotic cells (86%). In addition, both extrinsic (caspase-8) and intrinsic pathway (caspase-9) could be implicated in the N-Nitrosamines-induced apoptosis. This study also addresses the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as intermediates for apoptosis signaling. A significant increase in ROS levels was observed after NPIP treatment, whereas NDBA did not induce ROS. However, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) did not block NPIP-induced apoptosis. All these findings suggest that NPIP and NDBA induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells via a pathway that involves caspases but not ROS.

/ALTERNATIVE and IN VITRO TESTS/ In the present study, the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60, was used to characterize the apoptotic effects of N-nitrosamines, and to examine the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Apoptotic cells were identified by (i) chromatin condensation (ii) flow cytometry analysis and (iii) poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. N-Nitrosopiperidine and N-nitrosodibutylamine induced morphological changes consistent with apoptotic events in HL-60 cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that both N-nitrosamines induced apoptotic cell death in a concentration and time dependent-manner. It was observed that N-nitrosodibutylamine was stronger than N-nitrosopiperidine, since it induced a significant apoptotic cell death after 18 hr starting from a concentration of 2 mm, whereas N-nitrosopiperidine was effective at 10 mm. Furthermore, PARP was markedly cleaved with 0.5 mm of N-nitrosodibutylamine and 5 mm of N-nitrosopiperidine after treatments for 3 and 18 hr, respectively. Finally, the ROS level was found to be elevated after 0.5 hr of treatment with both N-nitrosamines. Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) completely inhibited the ROS production induced by N-nitrosopiperidine and N-nitrosodibutylamine. However, this action seems not to be associated with the apoptosis because NAC did not block N-nitrosamines-induced apoptosis. The data demonstrate that N-nitrosopiperidine and N-nitrosodibutylamine induce apoptosis and ROS production in HL-60 cells.

U179; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when N-nitrosopiperidine, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Nitrosamines/

The levels for nitrosamines through ingestion of contaminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms ... which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are estimated at 1X10-5, 1X10-6, and 1X10-7. The corresponding criteria are 8.0 ng/L, 0.8 ng/L, and 0.08 ng/L, respectively. For consumption of aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 12,400 ng/L, 1,240 ng/L, and 124 ng/L, respectively. /Nitrosamines/

Used as a research chemical; [HSDB]

... N-Nitroso compounds are produced primarily as research chemicals and not for commercial purposes. /N-Nitroso compounds/

(1977) NOT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN USA

(1982) NOT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN USA

(1978) Not produced commercially in the USA

Piperidine, 1-nitroso-: ACTIVE

... The mutagenic photoproduct formed from N-nitrosopiperidine and inorganic phosphate has been isolated and its structure identified as the phosphate ester of alpha-hydroxy-N-nitrosopiperidine. ...