트리스노닐페닐 아인산염

Fresh air, rest. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth. Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Storage class (TRGS 510): Combustible liquids

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an after burner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit, protective gloves and face shield. Collect leaking liquid in covered containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1X10+10(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite from moist soil surfaces is expected to occur(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its extrapolated vapor pressure of 4.35X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). A 1% and <4% of theoretical BOD in two OECD screening tests (OECD 301D, 301B) indicate that tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite is not readily biodegradable(3). Results of the Japanese MITI test found that tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite hydrolyzed abiotically in water(4).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1X10+10(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 11 hours and 11.5 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is greater than 5 years if adsorption is considered(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 5(SRC), from an HPLC estimated log Kow of 14(6) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 1% and <4% of theoretical BOD in two OECD screening tests (OECD 301D, 301B) indicate that tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite is not readily biodegradable(6). Results of the Japanese MITI test found that tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite hydrolyzed abiotically in water reaching 83% of its theoretical degradation in 4 weeks(4). One standard hydrolysis test observed only 0.1% hydrolysis over 10 days, but the very low solubility of tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite caused a dispersed and cloudy solution containing a fine dispersion of tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite as an insoluble emulsion(6). This suggests that hydrolysis will not occur unless the compound dissolves in water which may be problematic due to very low solubility(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite, which has an extapolated vapor pressure of 4.35X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7.6 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 6.5X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite is a clear liquid with negligible to low water solubility and moderate vapor pressure. The industrial uses of Tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite include: plastics product manufacturing, plastic packaging materials production, unlaminated film and sheet manufacturing (as a stabilizer); resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing, and tire manufacturing. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: A single Japanese study detected a derivative of tris (nonylphenyl) phosphite in most PVC wrapping films and gloves. PVC wrapping film was extensively used in markets, thus many kinds of foods were contaminated. Among them, fillet or minced fish and meat contained it at high levels. In 2000, manufacturers voluntarily changed their composition and all wrapping films in Japan no longer contain nonylphenol. In Japan, the exposure to bisphenol A, nonylphenol and DEHP have been significantly reduced and people also have more concerns with the safety of food contact articles. No other human data was available for this compound. ANIMAL STUDIES: USEPA sponsored hazard screenings yielded the following LD50's: rat dermal of > 2000 mg/kg, rabbit dermal of > 2000 mg/kg, rat oral of 19500 mg/kg, rat intraperitoneal of > 1000 mg/kg. No other animal data was available.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite can be estimated to be 1X10+10(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite is expected to be immobile in soil.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ A number of endocrine disruptors have been reported in food contact articles and baby toys mainly during the second half of the 1990s. Bisphenol A, nonylphenol, phthalates, styrene dimers and trimers, and their transision are described in this article. Bisphenol A was found in polycarbonate tableware, nursing bottles and the epoxy resin coating of cans, therefore, it was also found in the canned foods and drinks. Polycarbonate is now only slightly used for tableware or nursing bottles in Japan because consumers refused them. The can manufacturers changed their coating material to the low bisphenol A resin or PET films and voluntarily regulate its migration limit to under 5 or 10 ng/ml. Nonylphenol was found in most PVC wrapping films and gloves. It was generated from an oxidant, tris (nonylphenyl) phosphite. PVC wrapping film was extensively used in markets, thus many kinds of foods were contaminated. Among them, fillet or minced fish and meat contained it at high levels. In 2000, manufacturers voluntarily changed their composition and all wrapping films in Japan no longer contain nonylphenol. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was found in PVC gloves, which contaminated packed lunches and hospital meals at high levels. The government prohibited these gloves for all food contact use in 2000, moreover, other PVC food contact articles containing DEHP were prohibited for contact use with fatty foods in 2002. DEHP was also found in PVC toys which was prohibited in 2002. Styrene dimers and trimers were found in PS products, which migrated into cupped noodles after cooking. No changes have been made in them. In Japan, the exposure to bisphenol A, nonylphenol and DEHP have been significantly reduced and people also have more concerns with the safety of food contact articles.

AEROBIC: Tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite, present at 100 mg/L, reached 83% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L in the Japanese MITI test(1); however, it was reported that the test substance hydrolyzed in water to form dinonyl phenyl phosphite and nonylphenol, and that in a stability test in water at 30 mg/L of the test substance, nearly a theoretical amount of nonylphenol was formed after 14 days(1). Using OECD Guideline 301D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test) and non-adapted activated sludge, <4% of initial tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite (at 15.4 mg/L) was degraded over a 28-day incubation period(2). Using OECD Guideline 301B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test) and activated sludge (adaptation not specified), 1% of initial tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite (at 18.1 mg/L) was degraded over a 29-day incubation period(2).

An estimated BCF of 5 was calculated in fish for tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite(SRC), using an HPLC estimated log Kow of 14(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A low bioconcentration was reported for tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite based on test results using carp (Cyprinus carpio)(4); however, actual BCF values were not reported(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite is estimated as 6.5X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 11 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 11.5 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is greater than 5 years if adsorption is considered(3). Tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). However, volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption(SRC). Tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an extrapolated vapor pressure of 4.35X10-4 mm Hg(4).

/ENDOCRINE MODULATION/ Food contact plastics and rubbers possibly contain many kinds of chemicals such as monomers, oligomers, additives, degradation products of polymers and additives, and impurities. Among them, bisphenol A, nonylphenol, benzylbutyl phthalate, styrene oligomers and hydroxylated benzophenones have been reported to possess estrogenic activities. In this study, other chemicals related to food contact plastics and rubbers, and their metabolites induced by the S9-mixture were tested for their estrogenic activities using the yeast two-hybrid assay. Among the 150 chemicals, 10 chemicals such as bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) methane, 4-cyclohexylphenol, 4-phenylphenol, 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol alkylphosphite, two type of styrenated phenol (including mono type), tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and 2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-1-pentene, their metabolites and the metabolites of 6 other chemicals, such as 2-(phenylmethyl) phenol, styrenated phenol (di and tri type), 1-(N-phenylamino)naphthalene, 4-tert-butylphenylsalicylate, nonylphenol ethoxylates and 2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol, displayed estrogenic activities. All of them contained a phenol group in their chemical structures or formed one easily by hydrolysis or metabolism. However, most of the chemicals related to food contact plastics and rubbers, and their metabolites did not show any estrogenicity.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.1X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7.6 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Using a method similar to OECD Guideline 111 (Hydrolysis as a Function of pH), only 0.1% of initial tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite (10 ppm) was hydrolyzed over a 241-hour period as measured by nonylphenol formation(2); however, due to the very low solubility of tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite, the compound (using acetone) was dispersed in the water creating a cloudy solution containing a fine dispersion of tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite as an insoluble emulsion(2); this may have hampered hydrolysis(SRC). A 2004 study found no hydrolysis of tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite over a 24-hour period(2); experimental procedure not reported(SRC). Triethyl phosphite hydrolyzes almost instantly in water at pH 4, within 20 minutes at pH 7 and has a half-life of about 5.1 hours at pH 9(3). This may suggest that tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite will hydrolyze in water if the compound dissolves into solution(SRC). Hydrolysis of tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite has been reported to occur during biodegradation and stability tests yielding nonylphenol as a hydrolysis product(4).