p-자일릴 브로마이드

Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Xylyl bromide, liquid; Xylyl bromide, solid/

Personnel protection: ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Xylyl bromide, liquid; Xylyl bromide, solid/

Do not let product enter drains.

Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber.

Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Xylyl bromide, liquid; Xylyl bromide, solid/

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ... If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing. /Xylyl bromide, liquid; Xylyl bromide, solid/

Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Skin and body protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals.

Eye protection: Face shield and safety glasses Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Personnel protection: ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. ... Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots, and googles. /Xylyl bromide, liquid; Xylyl bromide, solid/

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 710(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that p-xylyl bromide is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of p-xylyl bromide from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.6X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). p-Xylyl bromide is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 0.10 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2). However, due to a reported hydrolysis half-life of 4.3 minutes at 25 °C for p-xylyl bromide(4) adsorption, volatilization, and biodegradation are not expected to be important environmental fate processes in moist soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 710(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that p-xylyl bromide is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.6X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6 hrs and 6 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 85(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 3.43(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). However, due to a reported hydrolysis half-life of 4.3 minutes at 25 °C for p-xylyl bromide(6) adsorption, volatilization, bioconcentration, and biodegradation are not expected to be important environmental fate processes in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), p-xylyl bromide, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 0.10 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase p-xylyl bromide is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.3 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 3.7X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(2). p-Xylyl bromide does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Organobromide compounds such as p-Xylyl bromide are strong alkylating agents. Consequently they can readily modify free thiols (cysteines) and methionine residues of the surfaces of proteins leading to the disruption of enzyme, transporter or membrane functions. One of the most probable protein targets is the TRPA1 ion channel that is expressed in sensory nerves (trigeminal nerve) of the eyes, nose, mouth and lungs.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of p-xylyl bromide can be estimated to be 710(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that p-xylyl bromide is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. However, a hydrolysis half-life of 4.3 minutes at 25 °C(3) will pre-empt soil adsorption(SRC).

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Powerful lacrimator.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ ... Strongly lacrimatory. /Xylyl bromides/

p-Xylyl bromide's production and presense in a in mixture with the o- and m-isomers in organic synthesis(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Its use in mixture with o- and m-isomers as a tear gas will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 85 was calculated in fish for p-xylyl bromide(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 3.43(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). However, a hydrolysis half-life of 4.3 minutes at 25 °C(3) will pre-empt bioconcentration(SRC).