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Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

Use water spray, dry powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

INHALATION: remove patient to fresh air; get medical attention.

General First Aid:

To fight fire, use water, foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water form as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in covered plastic containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in dry sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. ...

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 155 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Flammable / Water-Sensitive)]:

Immediate precautionary measure

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 12(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.94(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ethyl chloroacetate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethyl chloroacetate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.20X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). The potential for volatilization of ethyl chloroacetate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 4.87 mm Hg(5). Ethyl chloroacetate is subject to hydrolysis under acidic and alkaline conditions. Acid hydrolysis products could include ethyl alcohol and chloroacetic acid, both very soluble in water. Alkaline hydrolysis of the ester would yield products similar to acid hydrolysates except the chloroacetic acid would be in salt form. In addition, alkaline hydrolysis could result in the substitution of an OH group for the chlorine atom resulting in the production of glycolic acid in its salt form. Glycolic acid is water soluble as well as being susceptible to biodegradation(6).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 12(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.94(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ethyl chloroacetate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.20X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 15 hr and 11 days, respectively(SRC). Ethyl chloroacetate is subject to hydrolysis under acidic and alkaline conditions. Acid hydrolysis products could include ethyl alcohol and chloroacetic acid, both very soluble in water. Alkaline hydrolysis of the ester would yield products similar to acid hydrolysates except the chloroacetic acid would be in salt form. In addition, alkaline hydrolysis could result in the substitution of an OH group for the chlorine atom resulting in the production of glycolic acid in its salt form. Glycolic acid is water soluble as well as being susceptible to biodegradation(7). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethyl chloroacetate, which has a vapor pressure of 4.87 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl chloroacetate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 13 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.2X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), determined using a structure estimation method(3).

Cough. Sore throat.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain.

Watering of the eyes. Redness. Pain.

Burning sensation of the tongue. Nausea. Abdominal pain. Vomiting.

Ethyl chloroacetate (CAS# 105-39-5) was evaluated for acute inhalation toxicity in male and female rats at dose levels of 2.20, 3.81, 5.84, and 4.44 mg/L for one-hour. Mortality ratios were 0/5 M, 0/5 F; 1/5 M, 3/5 F; 2/5 M, 3/5 F; and 5/5 M, 5/5 F, respectively. The estimated LC50 value was 4.65 mg/L (927 ppm).

.../ETHYL CHLOROACETATE IS AMONG HALOGENATED ACID ESTERS WHICH HAVE/ POTENTIAL FOR PRODUCING PULMONARY EDEMA.

...POTENT LACRIMATOR.

SUMMARY TOXICITY STATEMENT /ACUTE/ MODERATE IRRITATION VIA ORAL & INHALATION ROUTES. MODERATE= MAY CAUSE REVERSIBLE OR IRREVERSIBLE CHANGES TO EXPOSED TISSUE, NOT PERMANENT INJURY OR DEATH; CAN CAUSE CONSIDERABLE DISCOMFORT.

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for ethyl chloroacetate(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.94(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

The Henry's Law constant for ethyl chloroacetate is estimated as 8.20X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ethyl chloroacetate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 15 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 11 days(SRC). Ethyl chloroacetate's estimated Henry's Law constant(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of ethyl chloroacetate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 4.87 mm Hg(3).

IT IS MODERATELY STRONG IRRITANT TO GUINEA PIG SKIN...

.../ETHYL CHLOROACETATE/ TESTED BY DROP APPLICATION TO RABBIT EYES CAUSED SEVERE DAMAGE SIMILAR TO THAT CAUSED BY AMMONIA, GRADED 9 ON SCALE OF 1 TO 10 AFTER 24 HR... RATED ACCORDING TO DEGREE OF INJURY...PAYING PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO CONDITION OF CORNEA. MOST SEVERE INJURIES HAVE BEEN RATED 10.

IN STRAIN A MICE, ETHYL CHLOROACETATE WAS CONSIDERED BORDERLINE TUMORIGENIC COMPD, PRODUCING ELEVATED LUNG TUMOR RESPONSE WHICH WAS SIGNIFICANT BY ONLY 1 STATISTICAL TEST USED.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Ethyl chloroacetate is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.