프로필렌글리콜 모노메틸에테르

Cosmetics ingredient -> Moisturizing/Humectant

Cosmetic ingredients (Methoxyisopropanol) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)

Solvent

Weak pleasant odor

Mild, ethereal odor

0.924 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than water; will float

0.9620 at 20 °C

Relative density (water = 1): 0.92

0.96

0.9620 @ 20°C

0.96

Colorless liquid

Clear, colorless liquid

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 66 °F (NTP, 1992)

In water, 100 mg/mL at 19 °C

Miscible with water

Miscible in all proportions with organic solvents

Solubility in water: very good

Miscible

Warning

H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (2 of 9011) of reports.

Warning

H226 (> 99.9%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]

Chemical: 2-Propanol, 1-methoxy-

Hazard Traits - Hepatotoxicity and Digestive System Toxicity; Neurotoxicity

2-Propanol, 1-methoxy- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 2-Propanol, 1-methoxy- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 28-03-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14673

2-Propanol, 1-methoxy-: HSNO Approval: HSR001187 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

FLAMMABLE. Flashback along vapor trail may occur. Vapor may explode if ignited in an enclosed area. (USCG, 1999)

· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.

Flammable. Above 38 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed.

VAPOR: Irritating to eyes, nose, and throat. LIQUID: Irritating to skin and eyes. (USCG, 1999)

· May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin.

Rats inhaling 3000 ppm, 6 hours/day for 9 days, show signs of sedation, but tissue examination shows no evidence of gross or microscopic disease. Similarly exposed rats had increased liver weights after 6 months; Human volunteers exposed to 2500 ppm had severe lacrimation and painful breathing; In another human experiment, subjects complained of slight eye effects at 150 ppm, but not at 100 ppm; TLV Basis is eye and upper respiratory tract irritation; [ACGIH] A lachrymator; [CHEMINFO] A skin, eye, and respiratory tract irritant; Inhalation of high concentrations can cause CNS depression; [ICSC] See Glycol ethers.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 1-Methoxy-2-propanol is included on this list. Effective date: 4/13/89; Sunset date: 6/30/98.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]:

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Rest. Refer for medical attention .

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

General First Aid:

(General first aid procedures)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

100.0 [ppm]

Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Air sensitive. Forms explosive peroxides on prolonged storage. may form peroxided on contact with air.

Use personal protective eqipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignitino. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations.

Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains.

Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Six volunteers exposed for 8 hours to 100 ppm of 1-methoxy-2-hydroxypropane had maximum urine, blood and exhaled air concentrations of 110 mumol/L, 103 mumol/L and 252 nmol/L of 1-methoxy-2-hydroxypropane, respectively(1). The urine excretion half-life for 1-methoxy-2-hydroxypropane was <2.6 hours(1).

1-Methoxy-2-hydroxypropane was measured in 6 volunteers exposed at 3 different concentrations over a 6 hour time period with and without respirators(1). The concentration of 1-methoxy-2-hydroxypropane in dermal exposed experiments was <0.1 ppm, < 1 mg/L and <1 mg/L in exhaled air, blood and urine, respectively. The excretion half-life in urine was 3.5 hours and 10 minutes in exhaled air. The concentrations of 1-methoxy-2-hydroxypropane in volunteers not using respirators were(1):[Table#2686]

Nervous

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

LC50; Species: Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow); Concentration: >20.8 g/L for 96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50; Species: Leuciscus idus (Golden orfe); Concentration: >4500 mg/L for 96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

EC50; Species: Selenastrum capricornutum (Algae); Concentration: >1,000 mg/L for 7 days; Effect: growth inhibition /Conditions of bioassay not specified in source examined/

LC50; Species: Daphnia magna /(Water flea)/; Conditions: static; Concentration: 23.3 g/L for 48 hr

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-methoxy-2-hydroxypropane is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-methoxy-2-hydroxypropane from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 9.2X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(3). 1-Methoxy-2-hydroxypropane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 12.5 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Aerobic degradation using a sandy loam soil resulted in half-lives of <1 and <7 days at 0.2 and 100 ppm, respectively(5), indicating that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 1-methoxy-2-hydroxypropane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 9.2X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(4). 1-Methoxy-2-hydroxypropane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of -0.49(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). A 90% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(6) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-methoxy-2-hydroxypropane, which has a vapor pressure of 12.5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-methoxy-2-hydroxypropane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 21 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.86X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). 1-Methoxy-2-hydroxypropane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol or vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: In the literature 1-methoxy-2-propanol is often referred to as propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME). Commercial PGME (CAS 130-67-8) typically contains at least 98.5% 1-methoxy-2-propanol (alpha isomer) and only 1.5% of 2-methoxy-1-propanol (beta isomer). PGME is a colorless liquid, miscible with water and many organic solvents. This makes it useful for a wide variety of solvent applications in the manufacture of lacquers, paints, dyes, inks, cleaning agents and liquid soaps. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: PGME alpha (1-methoxy-2-propanol) has low toxicity. In male volunteers, following exposure to 100 ppm of PGME the subjects felt that the odor was too strong to be tolerated, but odor tolerance developed within 25 min. During a 3.5-hr exposure at 100 ppm, mild eye irritation was noted in 3 of the 6 individuals. At 250 ppm, the majority of the 23 subjects exposed for 1-7 hr complained of eye, nose or throat irritation; several subjects developed headaches, and one was nauseated. None of the exposures resulted in changes in visual, coordination, neurological or brake-reaction tests. Clinical studies (e.g., blood cell count, SGOT, SGPT, BUN and complete urinalysis) completed before and after exposure showed no effects. In vitro testing in primary cell cultures of nasal respiratory epithelia of healthy individuals showed that 1-methoxy-2-propanol induces the transcription of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines and mediators but largely not translation of those; suggesting the existing exposure limits seem to be safe with respect to inflammatory responses of the upper respiratory tract. ANIMAL STUDIES: 1-Methoxy-2-propanol was not a skin sensitizer in guinea-pigs following 24 or 48 hour exposure and did not cause skin irritation when tested in rabbits. It was classifed as mildly irritating to rabbit eyes. The effects from iv injection in dogs were those of pain at the site of injection, shallow breathing, decreased blood pressure, auricular arrhythmia, and death due to convulsions. A decreased growth rate was seen in rats exposed to 10,000 ppm for 4 hr/day, 5 days/wk for 2 weeks. Large dermal doses in rabbits produced CNS depression and death. A slight increase in kidney weights was also noted in rabbits exposed to 10 mL/kg beneath bandages clipped to abdomens for a 90 day period (65 doses). In rats exposed to 0, 300, 1000, or 3000 ppm (0, 1.09, 3.62, or 10.9 mg/L) of PGME for 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk, for 13 weeks had hepatocellular hypertrophy but were without evidence of degenerative changes. There was an increase in the urinary pH of male rats exposed to 3000 ppm PGME for 4 weeks. Studies in laboratory animals indicate that PGME is not carcinogenic; there were no increases in tumors in any tissue in a 2-year study of male and female mice exposed to PGME via inhalation. PGME has resulted in developmental and reproductive toxicity. In a rat 2-generation reproduction study exposed to 3000 ppm of PGME vapors via inhalation for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week prior to mating, and 6 hours/day, 7 days/week during mating, gestation, and lactation, for 2 generations had toxicity in the P1 and P2 adults, as evidenced by sedation during and after exposure, and mean body weights which were as much as 21% lower than controls. This was accompanied by lengthened estrous cycles, decreased fertility, decreased ovary weights, and histologic ovarian atrophy in maternal rats. In the offspring from these dams, decreased body weights, reduced survival and litter size, slight delays in puberty onset, and histologic changes in liver and thymus in the F1 and F2 offspring were observed. No reproductive/neonatal effects were observed at 1000 ppm. In multiple studies, PGME fed to mice, rats, and rabbits during gestation resulted in delayed ossification of the skull only in the rat fetus; a delayed ossification of the skull, at the highest dose. PGME was negative in the Ames Salmonella/mammalian-microsome bacterial mutagenicity assay (Ames test) using tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA 1537 and TA1538 and PGME was non-clastogenic to CHO cells in culture.

Cough. Drowsiness. Headache. Sore throat.

Dry skin. Redness.

Watering of the eyes. Redness. Pain.

Drowsiness. Headache. Nausea.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; headache, nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, incoordination; vomiting, diarrhea

EPA has released the first beta version (version 0.5) of the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The beta version of the iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays; Click on the "Chemical Explorer" button on the tool bar to see the data./[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of April 22, 2015: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

1-Methoxy-2-hydroxypropane was detected in effluents of advanced wastewater treatment plants in Lake Tahoe and Pomona, CA, Dallas, TX, and Washington, DC(1). 1-Methoxy-2-hydroxypropane was found in the waste gases from semiconductor fabricators(2). 1-Methoxy-2-hydroxypropane was detected in emissions from 5 of 44 furniture coatings tested(3). 1-Methoxy-2-hydroxypropane had an emission rate of 5.0X10+4 ug/hour from a spray carpet cleaner(4).

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME)

Nervous

2 mg/m^3

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 1-Methoxy-2-propanol is included on this list. Effective date: 4/13/89; Sunset date: 6/30/98.

PGME was injected intravenously to rats at dose of 10 and 100 mg/kg . Blood samples were collected up to 12 hours post exposure to determine kinetic parameters... Half lives of blood PGME were 10.36 and 38.62 min for the low and high dose respectively.

In a human volunteer study, 6 volunteers were exposed to 100 ppm propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) for 8 hr. Postexposure levels of PGME were urine, 110 umol/L; blood (maximum level), 103 umol/L; and exhaled air, up to 252 nmol/L. PGME was excreted into urine with a half-life of <2.6 hr.

Dermal absorption of propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) vapors was investigated using male and female volunteers. Exposures were with and without a mask to determine the contribution of PGME uptake by the dermal route alone. ... The elimination half-life following total body exposure averaged 1.5 hr versus 2.7 hr for dermal only exposure. ...

Twenty-two persons (20 men and 2 women) were examined for their external and internal exposure to the glycol ether 1-methoxypropan-2-ol (PGME) during the production, leak testing and mounting of brakehoses. ...Average concentrations of PGME of 82.2 mg/cu m (22.3 ppm), 68.6 mg/cu m (18.6 ppm) and 11.3 mg/cu m (3.1 ppm) were found in the air of the brakehose production, leak test and mounting areas, respectively. ... Mean excretion half-lives of PGME of approximately 4.4 hr were found.

A single oral dose /of propylene glycol monomethyl ether was administered/, radiolabeled in the glycol carbons, to rats. The radioactivity appearing in the urine and expired air over the following 48 hours was quantitiated and identified. Most of the administered propylene glycol monomethyl ether is metabolized to propylene glycol, presumably by cytochrome P-450 dependent O-demethylation. Propylene glycol is further metabolized to (14)carbon dioxide.

In contrast to the alpha-isomer, beta-propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) is oxidized in rats to 2-methoxypropionic acid, and it elimination reflects pharmacokinetic saturation at single oral doses in rats greater than 90 mg/kg. Some 70 to 80% of the administered beta-isomer appeared in urine, primarily as 2-methoxypropionic acid (up to 93%) with only 3 to 4% present as beta-PGME glucuronide. In contrast to alpha-PGME, where 50 to 60 % of the dose was oxidized completely, only 10 % of the radio-label associated with beta-PGME was eliminated as 14C-CO2. Thus, alpha-PGME undergoes hepatic O-demethylation as the principal pathway, whereas the beta-PGME isomer is handled by alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Workers exposed to 20-40 ppm PGME for 5 hours had concentrations of 2-8 mg/L PGME appear in their urine, of which 40-60% was in conjugated form (sulfate and glucuronide).

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PM), along with its acetate, is the most widely used of the propylene glycol ether family of solvents. The most common toxic effects of PM observed in animal studies include sedation, very slight alpha(2u)-globulin mediated nephropathy (male rats only) and hepatomegally at high exposures (typically > 1000 ppm). Sedation in animal studies usually resolves within a few exposures to 3000 ppm (the highest concentration used in subchronic and chronic inhalation studies) due to the induction of metabolizing enzymes. Data from a variety of pharmacokinetic and mechanistic studies have been incorporated into a PBPK model for PM and its acetate in rats and mice. Published controlled exposure and workplace biomonitoring studies have also been included for comparisons of the internal dosimetry of PM and its acetate between laboratory animals and humans. PM acetate is rapidly hydrolyzed to PM, which is further metabolized to either glucuronide or sulfate conjugates (minor pathways) or propylene glycol (major pathway). In vitro half-lives for PM acetate range from 14 to 36 min depending upon the tissue and species. In vivo half-lives are considerably faster, reflecting the total contributions of esterases in the blood and tissues of the body, and are on the order of just a few minutes. Thus, very little PM acetate is found in vivo and, other than potential portal of entry irritation, the toxicity of PM acetate is related to PM. Regardless of the source for PM (either PM or its acetate), rats were predicted to have a higher Cmax and AUC for PM in blood than humans, especially at concentrations greater than the current ACGIH TLV of 100 ppm. This would indicate that the major systemic effects of PM would be expected to be less severe in humans than rats at comparable inhalation exposures. /propylene glycol monomethyl ether/

For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for 1-METHOXY-2-HYDROXYPROPANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

...Can be absorbed through skin in toxic amount after repeated, high dose exposures.

Total retention by F344 rats of inhaled propylene glycol methyl ether was 94% with more than 96% of that value being absorbed by the upper respiratory tract. At 1000 ppm, pulmonary elimination remained constant even as circulating propylene glycol methyl ether conc increased. Although increased ventilation had no effect on propylene glycol methyl ether retention, the rate of absorption doubled when the ventilation rate doubled.

Propylene glycol methyl ether was absorbed through human abdominal epidermis in vitro at 1.17 mg/sq cm/hr, ... .

Orally administered propylene glycol methyl ether exhibits rapid absorption and dose dependent metabolism and elimination in rats. Oral intubation of 90 or 780 mg (14)C propylene glycol methyl ether/kg in tap water to male F344 rats found that 9% of the administered dose was retained by the body at 48 hours after exposure, 10% to 20% appeared in urine, and expired carbon dioxide accounted for 63% of the dose. At the higher dose, expired carbon dioxide accounted for a smaller percentage of administered 14(C), and urinary elimination failed to show a proportionate increase with dose.

For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for 1-METHOXY-2-HYDROXYPROPANE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

CIR ingredient: Methoxyisopropanol

Used as a solvent in paints, inks, nail polish removers, and cleaning agents; Also used in finishing leather and in electronics and agriculture; [ACGIH] Used to make lacquers and paints, as a solvent for resins, celluloses, acrylics, dyes, and inks (gravure, flexographic and silk screening), as antifreeze, and in household cleaners and spot removers; [HSDB]

Painting (Solvents) [Category: Paint]

Chiefly used in manufacture of lacquers and paints.

Solvent for celluloses, acrylics, dyes, inks, stains; solvent-sealing of cellophane.

1-Methoxy-2-propanol ... has been used as an antifreeze material, principally in ebullient cooling systems and in some heavy-duty diesel engines.

2023: 100,000,000 - <250,000,000 lb

2-Propanol, 1-methoxy- is listed as a High Production Volume (HPV) chemical (65FR81686). Chemicals listed as HPV were produced in or imported into the U.S. in >1 million pounds in 1990 and/or 1994. The HPV list is based on the 1990 Inventory Update Rule. (IUR) (40 CFR part 710 subpart B; 51FR21438).

Non-confidential 2012 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) information on the production and use of chemicals manufactured or imported into the United States. Chemical: 2-Propanol, 1-methoxy-. National Production Volume: 110,165,627 lb/yr.

Ethers ... are prepared commercially by reacting propylene oxide with alcohol of choice in presence of catalyst. They also may be prepared by direct alkylation of selected glycol with appropriate alkylating agent such as dialkyl sulfate in presence of alkali. /Ethers of propylene glycol/

... Produced by reacting propylene oxide with methanol.

DOWANOL PM typically contains 97% (min) 1-methoxy-2-propanol and 3% (max) 2-methoxy-1-propanol

Representative floor cleaner (wt %): DOWANOL PM glycol ether 14, water 58, oleic acid 16, triethanolamine 12

Representative glass cleaner (wt %): DOWANOL PM glycol ether 8, water 90.4, ammonium hydroxide (28%) 1.5, surfactant 0.1; DOWANOL PM glycol ether 5, water 55, isopropanol 35, propylene glycol 5

Representative aerosol window (foam-type) cleaner (wt %): DOWANOL PM glycol ether 5, water 85.85, colloidal silica 4, surfactants 0.15

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for 1-METHOXY-2-HYDROXYPROPANE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Cosmetics product ingredient: Propyleneglycol monomethyl ether (Methoxyisopropanol)

Information on 87 consumer products that contain Methoxyisopropanol in the following categories is provided:

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Solvents

Safer Chemical Classes -> Green half-circle - The chemical is expected to be of low concern

Fragrance Ingredients

Cosmetics -> Solvent

Wood Product Manufacturing

2-Propanol, 1-methoxy-: ACTIVE

Commercial PGME typically contains at least 98.5% 1-methoxy-2-propanol (a isomer) and only a small amount of 2-methoxy-1-propanol (b isomer).

Commercial product is probably mixt of two isomers, alpha & beta.

Commercial products consists of at least 95% 1-methoxy-2-propanol and not more than 5% 2-methoxy-1-propanol.

In order to identify users of PGME and potential exposures, a chemical registration database maintained in Switzerland was analysed. ... The database contains information on the composition of products (qualitative and quantitative), the field of use, the year of registration and the domain of commercial applications (public or professional). ... Identification of potential exposures in Switzerland was carried out. Out of a total of 150,000 products, 2334 were found to contain PGME and most contained between 1% and 10% PGME. There was a great increase in the number of products declared between 1983 and 1991. The principal fields of use were in inks, varnishes and paints.