Huagongshe화공사 화학 정보 인쇄 보고서 · 연구 참고용
Propylene
프로필렌 · 프로펜 · PROPENE · Propen · r1270 · Propylen · 1-Propene · CH3CH=CH2
식별자 및 물리적 특성
| CAS No. | 115-07-1 |
|---|---|
| 분자식 | C3H6 |
| 평균 분자량 | 42.08 g/mol |
| 단동위원소 질량 | 42.04695019 g/mol |
| SMILES | C=CC |
| InChIKey | QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 8252 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL117213 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:16052 |
| EC No. | 204-062-1 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID5021205 |
| 현지명 | 프로필렌 |
화학 및 물리적 성질
| XLogP | 1.4 |
|---|---|
| 극성 표면적 | 0 |
| 수소 결합 공여자 수 | 0 |
| 수소 결합 수용자 수 | 0 |
| 회전 가능 결합 수 | 0 |
| 무거운 원자 수 | 3 |
| 형식 전하 | 0 |
| 복잡도 | 7.5 |
| 물질 분류 | Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Simple AsphyxiantsFlammable agents - 4th degree |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Schoenflies notation |
| LogP(분배 계수) | log Kow = 1.77 |
| 냄새 | Practically odorlessaromaticFaint, petroleum-like |
| 밀도 | 0.609 at -52.6 °F (USCG, 1999) - Less dense than waterwill float0.5139 at 20 °C/4 °C (liquid)Density: 1.49 (Air = 1.0) (triple point)Density: 0.505 g/cu cm at 25 °C (pressure >1 atm )Relative density (water = 1): 0.50.609 at -52.6 °F |
| Viscosity | 83.4 micropoises at 16.7 °C |
| Color/Form | Colorless gas |
| 용해도 | 44.6 mL/100 mL (NTP, 1992)In water, 200 mg/L at 25 °CIn water, 44.6 mL gas/100 mL at 20 °CVery soluble in waterVery soluble in ethanol, acetic acidFor more Solubility (Complete) data for Propylene (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 인화점 | -162 °F (NTP, 1992)-108 °C-162 °F (-108 °C)Flammable gas |
| Endocrine Disruptors | Potential endocrine disrupting compound |
| 끓는 점 | -53.9 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)-47.68 °C-48 °C-47.7 °C @760 [mm Hg]−47.7 °C(lit.) |
| 녹는점 | -301.4 °F (NTP, 1992)-185.30 °C-185 °C−185 °C(lit.) |
| 증기 밀도 | 1.48 (vs air) |
| 증기압 | 15.4 atm ( 37.7 °C) |
| 굴절률 | 1.3567 |
| pKa(산도 계수) | 43(at 25℃) |
| 물리적 상태 | 무색 가스 |
| 후각 역치 | 13ppm |
| 폭발한계 | 11.1% |
| 용해도 | 0.33g/L(25℃) |
| Merck | 13,7941 |
| BRN | 1696878 |
| 헨리 상수 | 5.6×10-5 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Plyasunov and Shock (2000) |
| 유전율 | 1.9(20℃) |
| 안정성 | 안정적인. 가연성이 높습니다. 공기와 쉽게 폭발성 혼합물을 형성합니다. 강한 산화제, 강산, 할로겐과 호환되지 않습니다. |
| InChI | 1S/C3H6/c1-3-2/h3H,1H2,2H3 |
| InChIKey | QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | CC=C |
| LogP(분배 계수) | 1.77 at 20℃ |
| EPA | Propylene (115-07-1) |
화학적 성질
Propylene is a colorless gas. Slight odor. The Odor Threshold is 23 ppm.
안전 및 규제
| GHS 분류 | DangerH220: Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases]P203, P210, P222, P280, P377, P381, and P403 (click each P-code to see the statement)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (2 of 2232) of reports.H220 (> 99.9%): Extremely flammable gas [Danger Flammable gases] |
|---|---|
| 규제 정보 | Chemical: 1-PropeneHazard Traits - Respiratory Toxicity1-Propene is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of 1-Propene are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 31-07-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/16184Propylene: HSNO Approval: HSR001011 Approved with controlsThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| 기타 안전 정보 | IMAP assessments - 1-Propene: Human health tier I assessment |
| 운송 라벨(DOT) | Flammable Gas |
| 화재 위험 | Behavior in Fire: Containers may explode. Vapor is heavier than air and may travel considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back. (USCG, 1999)· EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE.Extremely flammable. Gas/air mixtures are explosive. |
| 화재 가능성 | Flammable gas and very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers.Dangerous fire risk. |
| 건강 유해성 | Moderate concentration in air causes dizziness, drowsiness, and unconsciousness. Contact with liquefied propylene will cause "freezing burn". (USCG, 1999)· Vapors may cause dizziness or asphyxiation without warning, especially when in closed or confined areas. |
| 유해성 요약 | Simple asphyxiant Evaporating liquid can cause frostbiteInhalation of high concentrations can cause CNS depression[ICSC] |
| 운송 번호 및 가이드(DOT) | 1075 1151077 115 |
| 반응성 그룹 | Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic Unsaturated |
| EC 분류 | Symbol: F+R: 12S: (2)-9-16-33 |
| UN 분류 | UN Hazard Class: 2.1 |
| Special Reports | USEPASummary Health Assessment Document For Propylene (Draft) (1986) EPA Contract No. 68-02-4030Environment CanadaTech Info for Problem Spills: Propylene (Draft) (1981)DHHS/NTPToxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies of Propylene in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies) Technical Report Series No. 272 (1985) NIH Publication No. 86-2528European Chemicals BureauIUCLID Dataset, Propylene(115-07-1) (2000 CD-ROM edition).[Available from, as of July 13, 2005: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/] |
| 소화 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]:Shut off supplyif not possible and no risk to surroundings, let the fire burn itself out. In other cases extinguish with powder, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position. |
| 응급 조치 | Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. Refer for medical attention .First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention. |
| 누출 비상 조치 | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. |
| 응급 처치 | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.General First Aid: |
| 안전 보관 | Fireproof. Cool. |
| Firefighting Hazards | Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions: Carbon oxidesVapor is heavier than air and may travel considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back. |
| 노출 관리 및 개인 보호 | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). |
| 소화 절차 | To fight fire, stop flow of gas.Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. If possible use foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical to extinguish fire. If none of these compounds are available use water in flooding quantities as a fog, being sure to cool all affected containers. Apply water from as far a distance as possible, and do not use solid streams of water since they may be ineffective. Keep material out of water sources and sewers and build dikes as necessary to contain flow. Wear self contained breathing apparatus, boots, protective gloves and goggles and be sure to wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. Do not handle damaged packages without protective equipment. If fire becomes uncontrollable or a container is exposed to direct flame, evacuate for a radius of 2500 feet. If material leaking (and is not on fire), downwind evacuation must be considered.Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary. Use water spray to cool unopened containers. |
| 보관 조건 | Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Contents under pressure. Storage class (TRGS 510): Gases |
| 정리 방법 | ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURESPersonal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Remove all sources of ignition. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations. Vapours can accumulate in low areas.Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Ventilation. Remove all ignition sources. NEVER direct water jet on liquid. Chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus.Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Clean up promptly by sweeping or vacuum. |
| 비화재 누출 대응 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 115 [Gases - Flammable (Including Refrigerated Liquids)]: |
| 처리 방법 | SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in air, soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.Propylene is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration.Product: Burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber but exert extra care in igniting as this material is highly flammable. Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product. |
| 체내 부담 | In a pilot study of pollutants in the breast milk of women living in 4 urban industrial areas in the USA, propylene was detected in 2 of 12 samples(1). |
| 환경 거동 | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 22(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that propylene is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of propylene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 0.196 atm-cu m/mole(3). Propylene is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 8690 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2017). However, propylene was biodegraded to propylene oxide using acclimated cell free extracts(5).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 22(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that propylene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 0.196 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2 hrs and 3 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 7(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.77(6) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2017). However, propylene was biodegraded to propylene oxide using acclimated cell free extracts(7).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), propylene, which has a vapor pressure of 8690 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a gas in the ambient atmosphere. Gas-phase propylene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 15 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Gas-phase propylene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with ozone(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 23 hrs(4), calculated from its rate constant of 1.2X10-17 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(5). Propylene does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(6) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: The atmospheric fate and photochemical reactions of propylene ... indicate that the principal reactant is the hydroxyl radical. Reactions of propylene with ozone occur predominantly in the evening, while reactions of propylene with atomic oxygen or sulfur dioxide (SO2) are reported to be insignificant ... because of their relatively low /atmospheric/ concentration. ... The atmospheric half-life of propylene was 7.7 hr (calc). |
| 식품 조사 수치 | Propylene is a volatile component of garlic essential oils with a reported concentration range of 0.01-5.99 ug/g garlic bulb(1). Propylene has been qualitatively detected in the gaseous metabolites released by germinating beans, corn, and pea seeds(2). |
| 유해 작용 | Other Poison - Simple Asphyxiant |
| 노출 경로 | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation. |
| Milk Concentrations | In a pilot study of pollutants in the breast milk of women living in 4 urban industrial areas in the USA, propylene was qualitatively detected in 2 of 12 samples(1). |
| 독성 요약 | IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Propylene is a colorless gas. It is used in manufacture of isopropyl alcohol, polypropylene, synthetic glycerol, acrylonitrile, propylene oxide, heptene, cumene, polymer gasoline, acrylic acid, vinyl resins, oxo chemicals. It is also used as aerosol propellant and component. Formerly used in dental surgery as temporary anesthetic. HUMAN STUDIES: In the gaseous state propylene is not irritating to the skin or eyes based on limited human studies. However, should skin or eye contact occur to this chemical in its liquid state, tissue freezing, severe cold burn, and/or frostbite may result. ANIMAL STUDIES: No adverse effects were observed in repeated dose inhalation toxicity studies in rodents at concentrations up to 10,000 ppm propylene, for 14 weeks. Furthermore, there was no evidence of carcinogenicity in rats or mice exposed to propylene concentrations as high as 10,000 ppm for up to 103 weeks. Inflammation of the nasal cavity was the only indication of toxicity observed following exposure of male rats to 5,000 and 10,000 ppm propylene and female rats exposed to 10,000 propylene for 103 weeks. These effects were not observed when rats were exposed to similar concentrations for 14 weeks. Mutagenic activity was observed in a single bacterial strain in the Ames assay in the presence of metabolic activation. Inhalation exposure of pregnant Wistar rats to propylene from implantation to one day prior to the expected day of parturition (days 6-19 p.c.) elicited no maternal toxicity, prenatal or developmental toxicity, or teratogenicity at all tested concentrations up to 10,000 ppm. |
| Plant Concentrations | Propylene was qualitatively detected in emissions from European fir(1), Scotch pine(1), and the gaseous metabolites released by cotton seeds(2). The compound was reported present in garlic bulb (Allium sativum var. sativumLiliaceae) at a low concentration of 0.01 to a high concentration of 6.0 ppm(3). |
| Signs and Symptoms | Drowsiness. Suffocation.ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE.See Skin. |
| Ongoing Test Status | The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Status of Agents Search page, which tabulates the results and current status of tests such as "Short-Term Toxicity Studies", "Long-term Carcinogenicity Studies", "Developmental Studies", "Genetic Toxicology Studies", etc., performed with this chemical. Testing status for propylene is available.[Available from, as of July 26, 2017: https://ntpsearch.niehs.nih.gov/?e=True&ContentType=Testing+Status] |
| Effluent Concentrations | Emissions of propylene from automobile exhaust ranged from 2.09 to 3.24% TNMHC (total non-methane hydrocarbon) at 6 sites on U.S. Highway 70, Raleigh, NC(1). Emissions of propylene from various gasoline fueled engines ranged from 45-80 mg/km driven(5). In another study, emissions of propylene from various gasoline fueled engines averaged 95.29 mg/km driven in an urban area, 61.32 mg/km driven in a suburban area, 46.79 mg/km driven in a rural area, and 44.44-50.46 mg/km driven on a motorway(3). Furthermore, emissions of propylene increased from about 2.8 to about 6.5% of total hydrocarbon content (THC) when the speed increased from 20 km/hr to about 115 km/hr(3). Propylene concentrations ranged from 0.038-0.19 ppm in air containing automotive emissions(4). Propylene was qualitatively identified in emissions from burning polyethylene(5) and samples of volcanic gases from Kunashir Island, U.S.S.R(6). The average concentration of propylene in the Lincoln Tunnel (connecting Weehawhen, NJ with Manhattan Island, NY) was 630.1 ppbC in 1970 and 122.4 ppbC in 1982(7).Propylene was detected in 9 jet engine emission samples at a concentration range of 0.03-430.3 ppmC(1). Propylene was detected at a concentration range of 92-126 ppb in 3 wood combustion emissions(2). Propylene was qualitatively identified in stack emissions from waste incineration(3). Emissions of propylene from various gasoline fueled cars were: 1.42-2.92% of total hydrocarbon content (THC) in a 1987 Toyota Camry, 0.99-4.10% THC in a 1986 GM Grand Am, 1.14-3.16% THC in a 1986 Ford Mustang, 1.36-2.49% THC in a 1984 GM Cavalier, 0.73-1.47% THC in a 1986 Chrysler Omni, 1.57-2.76% THC in a 1987 Nissan Sentra, 2.80-4.79% THC in a 1985 Honda Accord, 0.66-1.77% THC in a 1987 Toyota Corolla, and 1.75-3.12% THC in a 1987 Dodge Caravelle(4). Emissions of propylene from GM's first variable-fuel vehicle using methanol/gasoline mixtures were 0.8 mg/mi (100% methanol), 2.5 mg/mi (85% methanol), 7.8 mg/mi (50% methanol), 10.0 mg/mi (15% methanol), and 10.7 mg/mi (0% methanol)(5). The contribution of vehicle emissions from an attached garage to residential indoor propylene levels was studied using a 1993 Buick Regal. Propylene emission rates (mg/test) at cold start were 300 at -10 °C, 150 at 0 °C, and 150 at 24 °C(6). Propylene was reported at 2.20, 2.19 and 1.19% of total VOC species in exhaust from light-, medium- and heavy-duty diesel trucks, respectively, in Beijing, China. In 2012, the number of vehicles in Beijing numbered 5 million of which 4% where diesel(7).In the summer of 1990, a six-site air quality monitoring study in Atlanta, GA found the median concentration of propene in nine air samples taken from a major interstate roadway was 1.96 ppb with an error of 0.18(1). A 1999 air quality study in Cairo, Egypt found propene in a median concentration of 1.85 and 1.59 in an unspecified number of roadway and motorcycle emission air samples(2). In 1993, an air sampling study in the Van Nuys Tunnel in Los Angeles, CA found propylene at a concentration of 292 mg/L in the tunnel after a 4 hour sampling period(3). In 1995, a study of Cassiar Connector Tunnel in Vancouver, British Columbia found a propylene concentration of 5.07% of total hydrocarbon content in 16 air samples taken during July-August of 1995(4).A survey on the concentration of compounds emitted from various trades and industries in Hong Kong was performed to indicate the level of pollutants occurring in the stacks of selected industries. Sampling from 2 stacks in a gas works revealed a mean propylene concentration of 0.257 uL/cu m (range = 0.182 to 0.332).The propylene content of the exhaust gases of automobiles burning leaded and unleaded gasoline was lower in late-model cars equipped with oxidative catalytic converters (2.9 percent as carbon) than earlier models without converters (6.5 percent as carbon). |
| Soil Adsorption/Mobility | Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of propylene can be estimated to be 22(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that propylene is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). |
| 대기 기준 | This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Propylene is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. |
| DHS Chemicals of Interest (COI) | Propylene110000Flammable chemical that can be released at a facility. |
| 수질 위해 등급(WGK) | - |
| TSCA 등재 상태 | TSCA listed |
| RTECS 번호 | UC6740000 |
| 운송 번호(UN) | UN 1077 |
| 관세 코드 | 29012200 |
| 위험 문구(R) | 12 |
| 위험 표시 | F+ |
| 안전 문구(S) | 9-16-33 |
| 위험 등급 | 2.1Flam. Gas 1Press. Gas Liquefied gas |
| 기존화학 물질 | KE-29388 |
| DOT ClassificationII | 2.1 (Flammable gas) |
| 자연 발화 온도 | 860 °F |
| 저장 분류 | 2A - Gases |
| 유해 물질 데이터 | 115-07-1(Hazardous Substances Data) |
용도
개요
Propylene is a colorless, fl ammable gas that follows ethylene as the second simplest alkene hydrocarbon. It has an odor similar to garlic and has wide use in the chemical industry as an intermediate in the synthesis of other derivatives such as polypropylene, propylene oxide, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, and acrylonitrile. The production of propylene is similar to ethylene and is obtained through steam cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks. Steam cracking is a process used to break molecules into smaller molecules by injecting the catalysts with steam.
용도
In polymerized form as polypropylene for plastics and carpet fibers. Chemical intermediate in the manufacture of acetone, isopropylbenzene, isopropanol, isopropyl halides, propylene oxide, acrylonitrile, cumene.
일반 설명
PROPYLENE is a colorless gas with a faint petroleum like odor. PROPYLENE is shipped as a liquefied gas under its own vapor pressure. For transportation PROPYLENE may be stenched. Contact with the liquid can cause frostbite. PROPYLENE is easily ignited. The vapors are heavier than air. Any leak can either be liquid or vapor. PROPYLENE can asphyxiate by the displacement of air. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. PROPYLENE is used to make other chemicals. Can cause explosion.