펜술포티온

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Move container from fire area. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rinse mouth. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Refer for medical attention .

Warning: Effects may be delayed up to 12 hours. Caution is advised.

(General first aid procedures)

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped or safely confined. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, NOS/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, NOS/

... MUST BE STORED IN SEALED ORIGINAL CONTAINERS, IN WELL-VENTILATED, FRESH, & DRY STOREHOUSES OR IN SHADED & POSSIBLY WELL-VENTILATED PLACES. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT THE PRODUCT'S TEMP ... NOT EXCEED 25-30 °C, AND /THAT IT BE KEPT/ ... AWAY FROM SOURCES OF HEAT, FREE FLAMES OR SPARK-GENERATING EQUIPMENT. CONTAINERS MUST BE STACKED IN SUCH A WAY AS TO PERMIT FREE CIRCULATION OF AIR ... AT BOTTOM & INSIDE OF PILES. STORAGE AREAS MUST BE LOCATED AT SUITABLE DISTANCE FROM INHABITED BUILDINGS, ANIMAL SHELTERS, & FOOD STORES; MOREOVER, THEY MUST BE INACCESSIBLE TO UNAUTHORIZED PERSONS, CHILDREN, & DOMESTIC ANIMALS.

Pesticides containers must be provided with labels indicating the degree of toxicity of the product they contain. The labels must not only give a short description of how to use the prepn, but also state basic precautions to be taken when applying it. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) Keep unnecessary people away; stay upwind. Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if possible. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Take up with noncombustible absorbent material. For large spills, dike far ahead of spill. (EPA, 1998)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Hydrolysis & landfill: Fensulfothion should be treated by alkali, mixed with a portion of soil rich in organic matter and buried. Recommendable method: Incineration. Peer-review: For large amt incineration in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing is recommendable. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

Hydrolysis: Alkaline hydrolysis leads to complete degradation. Alkaline salts of dimethylphosphate and p-(methylsulfamoyl) phenol are non-toxic. Empty containers should be thoroughly drained and then treated with a caustic rinse. Since aqueous solubility is low, caustic in 50% ethanol is suggested.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Ventilation. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Good industrial hygiene practices recommend that all engineering controls be used to reduce environmental concentrations to the permissible exposure level. However, there are some exceptions where respirators may be used to control exposure. Respirators may be used when engineering and work practice controls are not technically feasible, when such controls are in the process of being installed, or when they fail and need to be supplemented. ... A complete respiratory protection program should be instituted which includes regular training, maintenance, inspection, cleaning, and evaluation. /Parathion/

If an employees' clothing has had any possibility of being contaminated with parathion, employees should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises. /Parathion/

Skin that becomes contaminated with parathion should be immediately washed or showered with soap or mild detergent and water to remove the parathion. /Parathion/

Where there is any possibility of exposure of an employee's body to parathion, facilities for quick drenching of the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use. /Parathion/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for FENSULFOTHION (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

When given in half LD50 doses, fensulfothion showed only additive effects with malathion & 16 other anticholinesterase pesticides.

Honey bees treated with Apistan Queen Tabs exhibited greater susceptibility to bifenthrin than untreated bees in laboratory bioassays. Bifenthrin was 1.9 times more toxic to bees that were caged with Apistan Queen Tabs than to bees held in cages without Apistan. The toxicity of carbaryl and methyl parathion was not significantly affected by Apistan treatment. The possibility that honey bee colonies being treated with Apistan are more susceptible to injury by bifenthrin is supported by data obtained in this study. However, susceptibility of colonies to carbaryl or methyl parathion does not appear to be affected by prior Apistan exposure. /SRP: Contains polyvinyl chloride, acetyl tributyl citrate, epoxidized soybean oil, tan-flavalinate, titanium dioxide, and stearic acid/

Lymphocytes obtained from 5 healthy donors were incubated with a mixture of 15 pesticides commonly found in foods of central Italy (dithiocarbamates (20.7%), benomyl (19.6%), thiabendazole (14.9%), diphenylamine (14.4%), chlorthalonil (13.1%), procymidone (8.0%), methidathion (2.3%), chlorpyrifos-ethyl (2%), fenarimol (1.9%), parathion-methyl (1%), chlorpropham, parathion, vinchlozolin, chlorfenvinphos and pirimiphos-ethyl (< 1%)). The percent of each pesticide in the mixture was proportional to its average concentration in foods. Incubated with the lymphocytes at a concentration of 1-20 ug/mL the pesticide mixture did not induce significant variations in the number of hypodiploid, hyperdiploid and polyploid cells or in the number of chromosome and chromatid aberrations. On the contrary, we observed a dose-dependent increase in the number of nonsynchronous centromeric separations which reached the level of 37.9% at 20 ug/mL of pesticide mixture in the incubation medium. This effect was not observed when benomyl was excluded from the mixture. These data show that the removal of benomyl could decrease the toxicity of pesticide residues present in human food.

LD50 MALLARD ORAL 0.749 MG/KG (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 0.595-0.944 MG/KG), 5-7 MO OLD FEMALES /SAMPLE PURITY 90%/

LD50 Sharp-tailed grouse oral 0.500-1.00 mg/kg, males /Sample purity 90%/

LD50 California quail oral 1.68 mg/kg (95% confidence limit 1.38-2.04 mg/kg), 9-10 mo old males /Sample purity 90%/

LD50 California quail oral 1.19 mg/kg (95% confidence limit 0.935-1.51 mg/kg), 9 mo old females /Sample purity 90%/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for FENSULFOTHION (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

AFTER APPLICATION TO PASTURE PLOTS, IN ADDITION TO UNCHANGED FENSULFOTHION, FENSULFOTHION SULFONE & FENSULFOTHION OXYGEN ANALOG SULFOXIDE & SULFONE WERE ALSO FOUND.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 300(2) indicates that fensulfothion is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of fensulfothion from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Fensulfothion is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon a vapor pressure of 5.0X10-5 mm Hg(2). Fensulfothion degraded rapidly in a sandy loam soil to fensulfothion sulfone(4). Field application of 50 ppm fensulfothion was reduced to 5 ppm after 120 days in the first year of application; however, in the second year of application, less than 0.2 ppm remained after 60 days, which was attributed to microbial adaptation(5). In laboratory studies, the initial half-life of fensulfothion in a sandy loam soil (organic matter 2.9%) and in an organic soil (organic matter 48.7%) was less than one week and one week, respectively, but was greater than 24 weeks in the same soils which had been sterilized by autoclaving(6). In a greenhouse study using an organic soil containing 65% organic matter, the initial half-life of fensulfothion applied at normal insecticidal concn was about 3 to 5 weeks with a slightly faster disappearance exhibited in wetter soil(7). Persistence of fensulfothion (as measured by larvae mortality) ranged from 3 to 10 weeks in greenhouse and field studies of a sandy loam soil(8).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 300(2) indicates that some adsorption of fensulfothion to suspended solids and sediment in the water column is expected(SRC). Fensulfothion is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-10 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 29(3,SRC), from a log Kow of 2.23(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. The aqueous hydrolysis half-life of fensulfothion in distilled water at 25 °C was relatively independent of pH over the range of 4.5 to 8.0 with half-lives of 58, 87, 77, and 69 weeks at pH 8.0, 7.0, 6.0, and 4.5, respectively(7). The half-life of fensulfothion in sterilized natural water at 20 °C was 16 weeks(8). Based upon the biodegradation of fensulfothion in soil(9,10), biodegradation may be an important process in water(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), fensulfothion, which has a vapor pressure of 5.0X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase fensulfothion is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2.5 hours(3,SRC). Particulate-phase fensulfothion may be physically removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

... IT PERSISTED /IN CARROTS/ DURING FOUR-YEAR STORAGE PERIOD WHEN CARROTS WERE FROZEN.

... IN BUTTERFAT OF COWS THAT GRAZED 14 DAYS AFTER TREATMENT /OF PASTURE WITH FENSULFOTHION/, TRACES (0.02 PPM) WERE DETECTABLE AFTER 3 DAYS OF GRAZING. MILK RESIDUES WERE IN FORM OF FENSULFOTHION OXYGEN ANALOG SULFONE ...

Carrots grown in muck soil contained measurable amounts of the sulfone in all sections of the carrot. When grown in soil treated the previous year at 5.6 kg active ingredient/hectare, carrots exhibited a residue of about 0.10 ppm.

Fensulfothion was detected in 1 out of 210 fresh carrots sampled in Canada between April 1, 1989 and Dec 31, 1991 at a concentration of approx 1.0 ppm(1). Fensulfothion was detected in domestic and imported commodities over the 4-year period fiscal years 1983-86(1).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Under operational spraying (275 g/ha) for control of budworm, fenitrothion deposits (2-4 mg/kg, wet wt) on the foliage of red and white spruce and balsam fir decreased about 50% within four days, and 70-85% within two weeks. However, about 10% of the initial deposit persisted for most of the year following spraying. /Fenitrothion/

Pupillary constriction, muscle cramp, excessive salivation. Sweating. Nausea. Laboured breathing. Dizziness. Convulsions. Unconsciousness.

EASILY ABSORBED! See Inhalation.

Abdominal cramps. Diarrhoea. Vomiting. Further see Inhalation.

irritation skin; nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, salivation; headache, dizziness, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion); rhinorrhea (discharge of thin nasal mucus), chest tightness; blurred vision, miosis; cardiac irreg; muscle fasciculation; dyspnea (breathing difficulty)

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Fensulfothion is found on List A, which contains most food use pesticides and consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients) for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA, as amended in 1988. Case No: 0107; Pesticide type: insecticide, fungicide (nematicide); Registration Standard Date: 12/22/83; Case Status: No products containing the pesticide are actively registered ... The case /is characterized/ as "cancelled." Under FIFRA, pesticide producers may voluntarily cancel their registered products. EPA also may cancel pesticide registrations if registrants fail to pay required fees or make/meet certain reregistration commitments, or if EPA reaches findings of unreasonable adverse effects.; Active ingredient (AI): Fensulfothion; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Fensulfothion is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500 lbs.

Insecticide and nematicide; [HSDB]

Use as insecticide cancelled in 1994; [HSDB]

The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

INSECTICIDE AGAINST SOIL INSECTS; MOSQUITO LARVICIDE

INSECTICIDE & NEMATOCIDE PRINCIPALLY FOR TOBACCO, CORN, AND VARIOUS OTHER CROPS

ABOUT 80% AS AN INSECTICIDE & NEMATOCIDE FOR TOBACCO; MOST OF BALANCE AS AN INSECTICIDE & NEMATOCIDE FOR CORN (1974)

Fensulfothion's use in U.S. agriculture in 1976, 1982, and 1985 was 748,000 441,000 and 100,000 lbs AI/year, respectively.

p-Methylmercaptophenol + O,O-diethyl phosphorochlorothioate + hydrogen peroxide (dehydrochlorination/oxidation).

BY CONDENSATION OF O,O-DIETHYLPHOSPHOROCHLORIDOTHIOATE (I) WITH 4-METHYL-SULFINYL-1-HYDROXYBENZENE IN METHANOL IN PRESENCE OF ACID-COMBINING REAGENT OR BY CONDENSATION OF (I) WITH 4-METHYLTHIOHYDROXYBENZENE IN ANALOGOUS MANNER & OXIDN OF RESULTING ESTER WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE.

HOMEYER, SCHRADER, BELGIAN PATENT 666,012 (1965 TO BAYER), CA 64 20555F (1966).

50% WETTABLE POWDER; EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE 6 LB/US GAL; 1% DUSTS; 2.5% GRANULES (FOR FOLIAGE USE); 15% GRANULES (FOR SOIL USE); 1% GRANULES

COMBINATIONS: DASANIT-DI-SYSTON EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE & GRANULE; NEMACUR - DASANIT EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE & GRANULAR.

A 10% GRANULAR FORMULATION IS AVAILABLE FOR CONTROL OF ONION MAGGOTS.

AGRICUR

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for FENSULFOTHION (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies Fensulfothion (technical grade) as an active ingredient believed to be obsolete or discontinued for use as a pesticide.

DEVELOPED BY G SCHRADER & E SCHEGK & INTRODUCED IN 1957 AS EXPERIMENTAL INSECTICIDE & NEMATOCIDE BY FARBENFABRIKEN BAYER AG, LEVERKUSEN; WEST GERMANY PATENT 1,101,406; US PATENT 3,042,703.

MISCIBLE WITH THE MOST COMMON INSECTICIDES & FUNGICIDES. INCOMPATIBLE WITH ALKALINE PREPARATIONS.

SOIL APPLICATIONS MADE AS BROADCAST OR BAND HAVE GIVEN EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF PARASITIC, SEDENTARY, & FREE-LIVING NEMATODES. SOIL DRENCHES ARE ALSO EFFECTIVE. DASANIT KILLS PRIMARILY BY CONTACT ACTION & THEREFORE PROPER PLACEMENT & THOROUGH MIXING OF THE TOXICANT WITH SOIL IS ESSENTIAL. SOIL APPLICATIONS HAVE GIVEN EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF SOIL-INHABITING INSECTS, AS WELL AS LIMITED SYSTEMIC CONTROL OF INSECTS ATTACKING FOLIAGE OF VARIOUS CROPS.

For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for FENSULFOTHION (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.