Huagongshe화공사 화학 정보 인쇄 보고서 · 연구 참고용
2,4,6-트리니트로 톨루엔
2,4,6-트라이나이트로톨루엔 · 2,4,6-트리니트로톨루엔 · 트라이나이트로톨루엔 · 2,4,6-트라이나이트로톨루엔,젖은 · 1-메틸-2,4,6-트라이나이트로벤젠 · 2,4,6-트라이나이트로톨루엔, 젖은 · 2-메틸-1,3,5-트라이나이트로벤젠 · 4-메틸-1,3,5-트라이나이트로벤젠
식별자 및 물리적 특성
| CAS No. | 118-96-7 |
|---|---|
| 분자식 | C7H5N3O6 |
| 평균 분자량 | 227.13 g/mol |
| 단동위원소 질량 | 227.01783488 g/mol |
| SMILES | Cc1c([N+](=O)[O-])cc([N+](=O)[O-])cc1[N+](=O)[O-] |
| InChIKey | SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 8376 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1236345 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:46053 |
| EC No. | 204-289-6 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID7024372 |
| 현지명 | 2,4,6-트리니트로 톨루엔 |
화학 및 물리적 성질
| XLogP | 1.6 |
|---|---|
| 극성 표면적 | 137 |
| 수소 결합 공여자 수 | 0 |
| 수소 결합 수용자 수 | 6 |
| 회전 가능 결합 수 | 0 |
| 무거운 원자 수 | 16 |
| 형식 전하 | 0 |
| 복잡도 | 292 |
| 물질 분류 | Other Uses -> ExplosivesCarcinogens |
| 의약품 | Pharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15 |
| SpringerMaterials Properties | Boiling point |
| 농약 | Pesticide -> EPA IRIS |
| LogP(분배 계수) | log Kow = 1.601.86 |
| 냄새 | Odorless |
| 밀도 | 1.654 at 68 °F (NTP, 1992) - Denser than waterwill sink1.654 at 20 °C/4 °C1.65 g/cm³1.654 @25 °C1.654g/cm3 |
| Color/Form | Monoclinic rhombohedra from alccommercial crystals (needles) are yellowColorless to pale-yellow solid or crushed flakes |
| 용해도 | Insoluble (NTP, 1992)In water, 115 mg/L at 23 °CSol less than 2,4,6-trinitrophenol in alc, ether, carbon disulfideAbout 0.01% in water at 25 °C. 1 g/700 ml boiling waterSolubilities in various solvents at 18 °C. [Table#2876]용해도 물에 매우 드물게 용해됩니다. 아세톤, 벤젠에 용해됨에탄올에 덜 용해됨 |
| 인화점 | (Explodes) (NIOSH, 2024)? (Explodes)2 °C |
| Endocrine Disruptors | Potential endocrine disrupting compound |
| 끓는 점 | 464 °F at 760 mmHg EXPLODES (NTP, 1992)240 °C (explodes)464 °F (explodes)335–340°C |
| 녹는점 | 80.9℃ |
| 증기압 | 0.2 at 20 °C (NIOSH, 1997)4.26 at 54.76 °C, 2.557 at 72.49 °C, 4.347 at 76.06 °C (Knuden effusion method, Lenchitz andVelicky, 1970) |
| 굴절률 | 1.5500 (estimate) |
| 저장 조건 | 2-8°C |
| 물리적 상태 | 크리스탈 |
| 색상 | 노란색 |
| 용해도 | 0.12g/L(20.0ºC) |
| 비열 | Cp(crystal): 1.07 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| 헨리 상수 | 4.7×102 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Brockbank (2013) |
| 유전율 | 2.2(20℃) |
| 안정성 | 불안정한. 가열하거나 충격을 가하면 폭발 위험이 있습니다. 환원제와 격렬하게(잠재적으로 폭발적으로) 반응함. 중금속과 반응합니다. |
| 주요 응용 | 폭발성 물질, 고에너지 물질, 다이아몬드 제조 |
| LogP(분배 계수) | 1.65 at 20℃ |
| EPA | Trinitrotoluene (118-96-7) |
화학적 성질
TNT exists in five isomers; 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene is the most commonly used. It is a colorless to pale yellow odorless solid (pellets, cast blocks, and cast slabs) or crushed flakes.
안전 및 규제
| GHS 분류 | DangerH201: (Deleted) Explosivemass explosion hazard [Danger Explosives]P210, P230, P240, P250, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P370+P380, P372, P373, P391, P401, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H201 (100%): (Deleted) ExplosiveP203, P210, P230, P240, P250, P260, P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P318, P319, P321, P330, P361+P364, P370+P380, P372, P373, P391, P401, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
|---|---|
| 규제 정보 | Chemical: Benzene, 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitro-Hazard Traits - CarcinogenicityBenzene, 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitro- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Benzene, 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitro- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 23-11-2022 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/161652,4,6-Trinitrotoluene: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standardThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| 기타 안전 정보 | IMAP assessments - Benzene, 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitro-: Human health tier I assessment |
| 운송 라벨(DOT) | Flammable SolidExplosive 1.1D |
| 화재 위험 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 113 [Flammable Materials (Wet / Desensitized Explosive)]:Flash point data for this chemical are not available. It is explosive. (NTP, 1992)· Flammable/combustible material.Many reactions may cause fire or explosion. Risk of fire and explosion on rapid heating or on strong shock. Explosive. |
| 화재 가능성 | Explosive. Many reactions may cause fire or explosion. |
| 건강 유해성 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 113 [Flammable Materials (Wet / Desensitized Explosive)]:SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include headache, weakness, anemia, toxic hepatitis, cyanosis, dermatitis, jaundice, purpura, liver injury, conjunctivitis, irritation of the respiratory tract, constriction in the chest, lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, petechial hemorrhages in the skin, oliguria, albuminuria, casts in urine, papular dermatitis, and yellow-orange discoloration of the hands, nails, face and hair.· Some are toxic and may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Specifically, Dinitrophenol, wetted (UN1320)Dinitrophenolates, wetted (UN1321), Sodium dinitro-o-cresolate, wetted (UN1348)and Barium azide, wetted (UN1571) are known to be toxic. |
| 유해성 요약 | 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene is a yellow, odorless solid that does not occur naturally in the environment. It is commonly known as TNT and is an explosive used in military shells, bombs, and grenades, in industrial uses, and in underwater blasting. 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene production in the United States occurs solely at military arsenals.Toxic hepatitis, aplastic anemia, methemoglobinemia, hemolytic anemia, and cataracts have been reported after occupational exposure. In one case, 43% methemoglobinemia was induced after 24 hours from an inhalation and skin exposure. Exposed workers experienced sneezing, sore throat and skin irritation. In a munitions plant with mean air levels of 2.38 mg/m3, no fatalities or permanent liver damage were reported in workers handling TNT over a period of 20 years. Abnormal liver function tests were found in a study of 43 TNT shell-packers and shell-loaders during a 5-month period in which dust level ranged from 0.3 to 0.8 mg/m3. Hemolytic anemia has been described in workers with a genetic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Reduced hemoglobin values were seen with exposures as low as 0.48 mg/m3. Cataracts were induced in 6 of 12 workers exposed at 0.14 to 0.58 mg/m3 for 6.8 [+/-] 4.7 years and in 7 of 9 workers exposed at 0.10 to 0.35 mg/m3 for 1 to 27 years (average of 14 years). Listed in the table Examples of Industrial Chemicals for Which Methemoglobin Formation is NOT the Principal Cause of Toxicity[ACGIH] May stain the skin yellow and cause dermatitisOther potential adverse effects are methemoglobinemia, hemolysis, liver injury, and jaundice. [ICSC] |
| 운송 번호 및 가이드(DOT) | 3366 1131356 1131356 113(wet) |
| 반응성 그룹 | Nitro, Nitroso, Nitrate, and Nitrite Compounds, Organic |
| EC 분류 | Symbol: E, T, NR: 2-23/24/25-33-51/53S: (1/2)-35-45-61 |
| UN 분류 | UN Hazard Class: 1.1D |
| Special Reports | Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Toxicological Profile for 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (1995)National Research Council, WashingtonEvaluation of the health risks of ordnance disposal waste in drinking waterRept (NRC-TOX-P897): 58 pages (1982) NTIS# PB83-153635. Drinking water standards and legal and permissible concn of pollutants in ordinance wastes.72 FR 18792 (4/13/2007)Department of LaborOccupational Safety and Health Administration. Explosives, Proposed Rule. OSHA proposes to revise the explosives and blasting agents standard in subpart H of part 1910. This revision of section 1910.109 is intended to enhance the protections provided to employees engaged in the manufacture, storage, sale, transportation, handling, and use of explosives. The proposal updated and clarifies the regulatory language, addresses regulatory inconsistencies between OSHA and other Federal agencies, incorporates updated consensus standards, and provides the regulated community with greater compliance flexibility.Ryon MGWater Quality Criteria for 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) (Final Report) (1987) AD-ORNL-6304. A report with 155 references on environmental effects and fate, aquatic toxicity, mammalian toxicity and human health effects of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. |
| 소화 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 113 [Flammable Materials (Wet / Desensitized Explosive)]:Excerpt from ERG Guide 112 [Explosives - Division 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 or 1.5]:Use water in large amounts. Do not attempt to extinguish large fire, evacuate area. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position. |
| 응급 조치 | Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention . Wear protective gloves when administering first aid.First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Induce vomiting (ONLY IN CONSCIOUS PERSONS!). Wear protective gloves when inducing vomiting. |
| 누출 비상 조치 | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. |
| 응급 처치 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 113 [Flammable Materials (Wet / Desensitized Explosive)]:EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.General First Aid:(General first aid procedures) |
| 안전 보관 | Fireproof. Separated from initiator explosives, food and feedstuffs and incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. |
| Firefighting Hazards | Evaporation at 20 °C is negligiblea harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly.May explosively decompose on shock, friction, or concussion. Explodes on heating to 240 °C. |
| 노출 관리 및 개인 보호 | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Methemoglobin in blood = 1.5% of hemoglobin during or end of shift. [ACGIH] |
| 소화 절차 | If material on fire or involved in fire: Dangerously explosive. Flood with water. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. /Trinitrotoluene, wetted or TNT, wetted with not less than 30% water, by mass/Evacuation: If the material is on fire or involved in fire consider evacuation of one (1) mile radius. /Trinitrotoluene (TNT)/If material on fire or involved in fire: Dangerously explosive. Do not fight fires in a cargo of explosives. Evacuate area and let burn. /Trinitrotoluene (TNT)/If material on fire or involved in fire: Solid streams of water may spread fire. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use dry chemical, graphite, or dry earth. /Trinitrotoluene (TNT), wetted (with not less than 10% water, by mass)/ |
| 보관 조건 | Fireproof. Separated from initiator explosives, food and feedstuffs, incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Well closed. |
| 정리 방법 | Physical treatments, such as sorption by activated carbon or ion exchange resins or coagulation and filtration, are effective in removing TNT and other related cmpd present in munitions mfg wastewater.TNT was removed from wastewater using treatment by amines.The feasibility was demonstrated of treating explosive-contaminated wastewater using an oxidant (hydrogen peroxide) in conjunction with short wavelength UV light. The process achieves a high degree of decontamination without any troublesome by-products. Water contaminated with TNT ... was successfully treated using this photooxidative method.Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Wet spilled material before picking it up, do not attempt to sweep up dry material. Do NOT wash away into sewer. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. |
| 비화재 누출 대응 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 113 [Flammable Materials (Wet / Desensitized Explosive)]:Excerpt from ERG Guide 112 [Explosives - Division 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 or 1.5]: |
| 처리 방법 | SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic, and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations.... Bench-scale composting of up to 10% TNT showed that almost complete removal of TNT occurred in 55 days. Many of the toxic transformation products formed in activated sludge and soil were not found in the composted TNT. ... Composted wastes of TNT and other munitions must be examined for the leachability of undecomposed chem and transformation products prior to land treatment.Pink water (mainly consists of alpha-2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (alpha-TNT) and various concentrations of nitrobodies such as RDX) was successfully oxidized electrochemically from a range of 60-105 ppm TNT to below acceptable disposal concn (0.5 ppm). The oxidation process does not produce any toxic by-products, and at an electrical cost of approximately $2.00 per 1000 gal, is most competitive in comparison to present alternatives.The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Biological treatment, Activated Carbon, and Resin adsorption.Disposal of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene has been accomplished effectively by burning in an incinerator equipped with an afterburner and a scrubber ... 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene has been pretreated before incineration by pouring or sifting onto sodium bicarbonate or a sand-soda ash mixture. The resulting combination is mixed and packaged in heavy paper cartons with plenty of paper packaging to serve as fuel ... 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene has also been prepared for incineration by mixing with a flammable solvent, such as alcohol or benzene, and spraying the resulting mixture into the fire chamber of an incinerator. |
| 독성학 정보 | CDC-ATSDR Toxicological Profile |
| Treatment | In some cases, gastric lavage, activated charcoal, and emetics have been suggested as useful in reducing absorption of the general class of nitro compounds to which 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene belongs. (L132) |
| Cancer Sites | Urinary |
| 상호 작용 | The mixture of the two compounds is designated as LAP (load, assemble, and pack) mixture. The ratio of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and 1,3,5-trinitrohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in the LAP mixture in this study was 1.6:1. Acute oral toxicity of the LAP mixture was investigated in rats, mice, and rabbits. The results indicate that there was a distinct species difference regarding acute oral toxicity after exposure to the LAP mixture. The acute oral LD50 values indicate that rats were more susceptible to toxic effects of the LAP mixture than to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene alone. The opposite was true for mice ... LAP applied to the eyes of rabbits produced conjunctivitis, iritis, and/or corneal opacity. Intermediate oral toxicity was determined in a 90-day exposure study in rats, mice, and dogs. The results indicate that the main target organs for LAP toxicity are the same as those for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, namely blood and liver. Mild-to-moderate hemolytic anemia, enlarged spleens and livers, hemosiderosis of the spleen, and colored urine were common effects of intermediate exposure to LAP seen in all three species. LAP-induced testicular atrophy (dogs and rats), uterine hypoplasia (rats), and numerous neurological signs (dogs) were also observed. These observations indicate that 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene was the principal, but not the only factor, contributing to the intermediate oral toxicity of LAPsome of the observed toxicity is due to RDX . |
| 표적 장기 | Dermal (Skin), Hematological (Blood Forming), Hepatic (Liver), Ocular (Eyes)Eyes, skin, respiratory system, blood, liver, cardiovascular system, central nervous system, kidneys |
| 건강 영향 | Exposition to high concentrations of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in air can lead to several harmful health effects, including anemia and abnormal liver function. Similar blood and liver effects, as well as spleen enlargement and other harmful effects on the immune system, have been observed in animals that ate or breathed 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Other effects in humans include skin irritation after prolonged skin contact, and cataract development after long-term (365 days or longer) exposure. It is not known whether 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene can cause birth defects in humans. However, male animals treated with high doses of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene have developed serious reproductive system effects. Moreover, the EPA has determined that 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene is a possible human carcinogen. (L132) |
| 생태독성 수치 | LC50 Daphnia magna >4.4 mg/l/48 hr at 20 °C /Flow through Bioassay/LC50 Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill sunfish) is 2.7 mg/l with a mean weight of 0.39 g in a 96 hr at 10 °C /Static Bioassay/LC50 Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) 0.46 mg/l/ 96 hr at 24 °C /Flow through, immobilization test/EC50Species: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae)Conditions: freshwaterConcentration: 2.5 uM (95% confidence limit: 2.1 to 2.9 uM) for 96 hrEffect: population, abundance /formulated product/For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE (43 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 환경 거동 | TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an average Koc value of 1,600(2) indicates that 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.1X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure of 8.02X10-6 mm Hg(3) and water solubility of 115 mg/L(4). 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Biodegradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in soil will be of minor importancehowever 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene is readily reduced under anaerobic conditions(5). Microbial transformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene leads to a variety of reduction products, including 2-amino and 4-amino dinitrotoluene and azoxydimers(3,5,7). Limited information regarding photolytic processes in soil suggest that 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in surface layers is photolyzed to trinitrobenzene and trinitrobenzaldehyde(8). Gas chromatography-electron capture measurements demonstrated that a sea water solution at a pH of 8.1 with 95 ppm 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene underwent no change in concn after 108 days(7), thus evidencing the stability of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene against hydrolysis in water under neutral conditions(9).TERRESTRIAL FATE: Phytoremediation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene has shown that metabolism takes place in three stagestransformation (formation of 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene), conjugation, and sequestration (formation of bound residues within the plant)(1). Hybrid poplar trees planted in 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene contaminated soil from Iowa Army Ammunition Plant showed an uptake of 25% 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in 20 days(2). 75% of the 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene was found in the roots, 17% in the stems and 6% in the leaves(2).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an average Koc value of 1,600(2) indicates that 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.1X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure of 8.02X10-6 mm Hg(4) and water solubility of 115 mg/L(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3.4(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.60(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). The capability of microorganisms to biotransform 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene seems well established(2,9-11)however, reduction rates under aerobic conditions are very slow. Photolysis studies comparing river waters and distilled water have shown that the rate of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene photolysis is directly related to increases in pH(10-11) and organic matter content(2). In the presence of oxygen, 10 ppm of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene added to a freshwater bay sample remained unchanged for 20 days then following first order kinetics with an estimated half-life of 25 days and dropped to 3 ppm within 64 days(2). 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene at an initial concn of 20 ppm within the dark control bottle of a river die away study underwent a 90% reduction within 30 days(11). However biotransformation was identified to be 100-1000 times slower than photolytic processes(2,11). Gas chromatography-electron capture measurements demonstrated that a sea water solution at a pH of 8.1 with 95 ppm 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene underwent no change in concn after 108 days(12), thus evidencing the stability of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene against hydrolysis in water under neutral conditions(13).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which has a vapor pressure of 8.02X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 120 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.4X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). The rate constants for river water, seawater, pond water and distilled water were 1.2X10-3, 1.5X10-4, 5.8X10-4 and 1.7X10-5/sec, respectively, which correspond to half-lives of about 10 min, 1.3 hrs, 20 min and 11.3 hrs(4).Lab scale compost systems can be used for the estimation of the degradation rates of hazardous materials in a compost and to identify the degradation products. Composting /consisted of/ chopped alfalfa hay 45, horse feed 45, and soil 10% contaminated with explosives ... TNT was rapidly transformed into nonextractable cmpd which resembled humus matrials. ... TNT showed no ring degradation. The amount of leachable TNT declined with its increasing biotransformation. |
| 유해 작용 | Occupational hepatotoxin - Primary hepatotoxins: the toxic effect to the liver is the principal adverse effect of the chemical. |
| 노출 경로 | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contactOral (L131)inhalation (L131)dermal (L131) |
| 독성 요약 | 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene is a competitive inhibitor with respect to NADPH and a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to L-arginine. It binds to the P450 reductase domain of the eNOS and suppresses l-citrulline formation by shunting electrons away from the normal catalytic pathway. The reduction of TNT then produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (O2.−), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The overproduction of superoxide is associated with oxidative stress-mediated induction of cataracts. The inhibition of the eNOS activity occurs in a concentration-dependent manner. (A110, A111) |
| 생태독성 발췌 | /BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Considerable concentrations of the explosive, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) have been found in the soil at many installations where explosives have been used, manufactured, assembled, or destroyed. To evaluate risk to avian receptors, measures of exposure are compared with a threshold level of sublethal toxicity. To date, a single feeding study has evaluated the responses of oral TNT exposure to birds with equivocal results regarding sublethal effects. The present study followed a controlled dosing regime comprising four dose groups and a control (200, 120, 70, 20, and 0 mg TNT/kg body weight-day) in the common pigeon (Columba livia) for 60 days. Overt signs of toxicity occurred with both sexes between 2 and 3 weeks of exposure. Signs included weight loss, neuromuscular effects (e.g., ataxia, tremors, etc.), and scant red feces (chromaturia). Emetic events following dosing were common and proportional to dosehowever, attempts to quantify vomitus compound concentration suggests that birds were marginally successful at removing TNT following administration. Eight of 12 and 2 of 12 males and females died or were moribund in the 200 and 120 mg/kg-day groups, respectively. Changes in hematological parameters, liver, kidney, and ovary weights were related to treatment. Dose-related changes in plasma albumin and sodium concentrations were also observed. These results suggest that subchronic exposure to TNT can adversely affect the central nervous system and hematological parameters in birds. Chemical analysis of blood detected concentrations of the two primary reduction metabolites, but not parent compound, suggesting that toxicity may be due to the bioaccumulation of a toxic intermediate./BIRDS and MAMMALS/ Subchronic dietary exposure to TNT was ... evaluated in a species of management concern at military installations, the northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus). Adult male and female quail (n = 5/sex/dose) were given commercial feed containing 3,000, 1,500, 750, and 100 mg/kg TNT for 90 days following the determination of an acute lethal dose and a 14-day range finding study. Dietary TNT intake caused a dose-dependent decrease in total red blood cell counts, packed cell volume, total plasma protein, blood prolymphocytes, and blood lymphocytes. An increased trend in late apoptotic/necrotic blood leukocytic cells was also observed in TNT-exposed birds, as was hemosiderosis in the liver. With the exception of hemosiderosis, these trends were statistically significant yet of questionable biological significance. Since treatment-related responses in this preliminary study were variable, a conservative interpretation is suggested. However, since these treatments had concentrations that were a log-fold or more than doses in similar studies using mammals, these data suggest that northern bobwhite are less sensitive to oral exposures of TNT than mammals./AQUATIC SPECIES/ In /Kyoto, Japan/, relatively high concentrations of ... trinitrotoluene (TNT), /and its metabolites/ ... 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2ADNT), and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4ADNT) ... have been identified from field samples. /The author/ used a standardized assay with Xenopus laevis embryos (frog embryo teratogenesis assay--Xenopus, FETAX) to examine the developmental toxicity of these compounds. ... The TNT (96-hr LC50 = 16.7 uM) was more lethal than 2ADNT (96-hr LC50 = 166 uM) or 4ADNT (96-hr LC50 = 115 uM). Although 4ADNT (96-hr EC50 = 85.8 uM) induced various tadpole malformations, it was a weak teratogen compared with TNT (96-hr EC50 = 9.78 microM) and 2ADNT (96-hr EC50 = 16.9 microM). The most typical malformations observed were axial malformations, eye abnormalities (TNT), edema, and irregular gut coiling (2ADNT and 4ADNT). The 96-hr LC50 and 96-hr EC50 values of TNT, 2ADNT, and 4ADNT were lower than their saturated concentrations in water. Therefore, these nitroaromatic compounds may show lethal or teratogenic effects on aquatic animals if their habitats are severely contaminated with TNT./AQUATIC SPECIES/ Synthetic condensate wastewater prepared to simulate the composition of condensate wastewater from TNT manufacture and containing 32 compounds showed acute toxic concentrations for bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus), scud (Hyalella azteca), and green algae (Selenastrom capricornutum) of 7.1 mg/L, 22.8 mg/L, and 10 mg/L respectively.For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE (25 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| DHS Chemicals of Interest (COI) | TNTA Commercial Grade5000400Explosive chemical that can be released at a facility. |
| 주 식수 지침 | (FL) FLORIDA 10 ug/L(ME) MAINE 3.5 ug/L |
| 연방 식수 지침 | EPA 2 ug/Ll |
| 직업 노출 등급(OEB) | C |
| 직업 노출 한계(OEL) | TWA: 0.5 mg/m3 [skin] |
| 수질 위해 등급(WGK) | 2 |
| 즉시 생명 위험 농도 | 500 mg/m3 |
| TSCA 등재 상태 | TSCA listed |
| 운송 번호(UN) | UN 3366 4.1/PG I (TRINITROTOLUENE (TNT), WETTED, with not less than 10 % water by mass) |
| 독성 | Acute oral LD50 in mice 660 mg/kg, rats 795 (quoted, RTECS, 1985). |
| 위험 문구(R) | 2-23/24/25-33-51/53-36-20/21/22-11-1 |
| 위험 표시 | E,T,N,Xn,F,B |
| 안전 문구(S) | 35-45-61-36/37-26-16 |
| 위험 등급 | 1.1D |
| 기존화학 물질 | KE-25394 |
| 유해 물질 데이터 | 118-96-7(Hazardous Substances Data) |
용도
개요
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a yellow, odourless, unstable solid. TNT does not occur naturally in the environment. TNT is an explosive used in military shells, bombs, and grenades; in industrial uses; and in underwater blasting. TNT is a high explosive that is unaffected by ordinary shocks and therefore must be set off by a detonator. TNT is often mixed with other explosives such as ammonium nitrate to form amatol. Because it is insensitive to shock and must be exploded with a detonator, it is the most favoured explosive used in munitions and construction. TNT reacts violently, is potentially explosively, reacts with heavy metals, and is a chemical with risk of explosion if heated or struck.
용도
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is used as a high explosive in mining and in military. It is produced by nitration of toluene with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids.
일반 설명
A slurry of a yellow water-insoluble crystalline solid. Can burn, although difficult to ignite. When water has been driven off or evaporated the residue is easily ignited, burns vigorously, and is highly explosive . Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. May explode under exposure to intense heat. Primary hazard is blast of an explosion, not flying projectiles or fragments.