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As with other liquid carbamate pesticides, keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing at the site.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

Use methods for liquid carbamate pesticides. Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. Large fires: water spray, fog, or foam. Move container from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. As with other liquid carbamate pesticides, keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing at the site. Containers may explode in fire. Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position. If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped in OSHA 1910.156.

Prior to working with this chemical you should be trained on its proper handling and storage. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area. Where possible, automatically pump liquid from drums or other storage containers to process containers.

Spill Handling: Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Ventilate area of spill or leak. Avoid breathing vapors. Treat as a liquid carbamate pesticide. Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if you can do it without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Small spills: take up with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. Large spills: dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. Keep this chemical out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion, unless the sewer is designed to prevent the build-up of explosive concentrations. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations. If employees are required to clean-up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped. OSHA 1910.120(q) may be applicable.

Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (>/= 100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. In accordance with 40CFR165 recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your state pesticide or environmental control agency or by contacting your regional EPA office.

Personal Protective Methods: Wear protective gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact. Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can provide recommendations on the most protective glove/clothing material for your operation. All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each day, and put on before work. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and face shield unless full facepiece respiratory protection is worn. Employees should wash immediately with soap when skin is wet or contaminated. Provide emergency showers and eyewash. Use positive pressure, pressure-demand full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus or pressure-demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit.

Production equipment must be enclosed and provided with exhaust ventilation. No worker must be authorized to enter a reactor for the synthesis of these compounds before it has been purged, cleaned, checked and certified safe for entry ... showers should be provided, and their regular use should be encouraged. /Carbamates/

0.51 [mg/m3]

5.6 [mg/m3]

34 [mg/m3]

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

Personal protective equipment should be provided for persons engaged in the manufacture...and...for those engaged in spraying the pesticides for whom eye protective equipment and respiratory protective equipment may be essential. /Carbamates/

If the compound has been ingested, rapid gastric lavage should be performed using 5% sodium bicarbonate. For skin contact, the skin should be washed with soap and water. If the compound has entered the eyes, they should be washed with large quantities of isotonic saline or water. In serious cases, atropine and/or pralidoxime should be administered. Anti-cholinergic drugs work to counteract the effects of excess acetylcholine and reactivate AChE. Atropine can be used as an antidote in conjunction with pralidoxime or other pyridinium oximes (such as trimedoxime or obidoxime), though the use of '-oximes' has been found to be of no benefit, or possibly harmful, in at least two meta-analyses. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist, and thus blocks the action of acetylcholine peripherally.

Acute exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors can cause a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea/vomiting, salivation, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, collapse, and convulsions. Increasing muscle weakness is a possibility and may result in death if respiratory muscles are involved. Accumulation of ACh at motor nerves causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression at the neuromuscular junction. When this occurs symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, fasciculation, and paralysis can be seen. When there is an accumulation of ACh at autonomic ganglia this causes overstimulation of nicotinic expression in the sympathetic system. Symptoms associated with this are hypertension, and hypoglycemia. Overstimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system, due to accumulation of ACh, results in anxiety, headache, convulsions, ataxia, depression of respiration and circulation, tremor, general weakness, and potentially coma. When there is expression of muscarinic overstimulation due to excess acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors symptoms of visual disturbances, tightness in chest, wheezing due to bronchoconstriction, increased bronchial secretions, increased salivation, lacrimation, sweating, peristalsis, and urination can occur. Chronically high (>10 years) exposure leads to neuropsychological consequences including disturbances in perception and visuo-motor processing (A15321).

LD50 Starling oral 7.94 mg/kg

LC50; Species: Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout, weight 25-50 g); Conditions: freshwater; static, 14 °C, pH 7.2, dissolved oxygen 10 mg/L; Concentration: 10.7 mg/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 8.4-13.6 mg/L)

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 115(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that isolan is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of isolan from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.0X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Isolan is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.3X10-3 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). Based on limited studies isolan does not appear to biodegrade(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 115(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that isolan is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.0X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 4(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 1.65(6) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Based on limited studies isolan does not appear to biodegrade(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), isolan, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.3X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase isolan is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.0X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Isolan does not absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Isolan is a cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Carbamates form unstable complexes with chlolinesterases by carbamoylation of the active sites of the enzymes. This inhibition is reversible. A cholinesterase inhibitor suppresses the action of acetylcholine esterase. Because of its essential function, chemicals that interfere with the action of acetylcholine esterase are potent neurotoxins, causing excessive salivation and eye-watering in low doses. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Acetylcholine esterase breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is released at nerve and muscle junctions, in order to allow the muscle or organ to relax. The result of acetylcholine esterase inhibition is that acetylcholine builds up and continues to act so that any nerve impulses are continually transmitted and muscle contractions do not stop.

As with organophosphates, the signs and symptoms are based on excessive cholinergic stimulation. Unlike organophosphate poisoning, carbamate poisonings tend to be of shorter duration because the inhibition of nervous tissue acetylcholinesterase is reversible, and carbamates are more rapidly metabolized. Muscle weakness, dizziness, sweating and slight body discomfort are commonly reported early symptoms. Headache, salivation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea are often prominent at higher levels of exposure. Contraction of the pupils with blurred vision, incoordination, muscle twitching and slurred speech have been reported. (L795)

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of isolan can be estimated to be 115(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that isolan is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Harmful Effects and Symptoms. Short Term Exposure: It is classified as extremely toxic. Probable oral lethal dose in humans is 5 to 50 mg/kg or between 7 drops and 1 teaspoonful for a 150 lb person. A cholinesterase inhibitor; although it is not an organic phosphate, it resembles that group in action. Can cause death due to respiratory arrest. Symptoms include cool extremities; trembling; fixed pinpoint pupils; nausea; vomiting; slight bluing of skin, lips and nailbeds; tearing; diarrhea; excessive salivation; sweating; slurring of speech; jerky movements; loss of bladder control; convulsions; coma and death.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology: 1. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea & excessive salivation ... sweating. 2. Lassitude & weakness. 3. Rhinorrhea and sensation of tightness in chest may occur with inhalation exposure. 4. Blurring or dimness of vision. Miosis ... tearing, ciliary muscle spasm, loss of accommodation and ocular pain. None of these ... signs ... is dependable for diagnosis. Mydriasis may be seen ... 5. Loss of muscle coordinatin, slurring of speech, fasciculation & twitching of muscles. 6. Difficulty in breathing, excessive secretions of saliva and of resp tract mucus, oronasal frothing, cyanosis, pulmonary rales & rhonchi, and hypertension. 7. ... jerky movements, incontinence, convulsions and coma. 8. Death ... due to resp arrest of central origin, paralysis of resp muscles, intense bronchoconstriction or all three. /Carbaryl/

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ ... Isolan is a reversible inhibitor of the enzyme cholinesterase and is related to neostigmine.

/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ A cholinesterase inhibitor. Although this is not an organic phosphate it resembles that group in action.

P192; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when isolan, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)).

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Isopropylmethylpyrazolyl dimethylcarbamate is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500 lbs.