벤조페논-8

벤조페논-8 · BP-8 · DIOXYBENZONE · BENZOPHENONE-8 · Cyasorb · uv24 · DBPB · UV BP-8

식별자 및 물리적 특성

CAS No.	131-53-3
분자식	C14H12O4
평균 분자량	244.24 g/mol
단동위원소 질량	244.07355886 g/mol
SMILES	COc1ccc(C(=O)c2ccccc2O)c(O)c1
InChIKey	MEZZCSHVIGVWFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID	8569
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1326877
ChEBI	CHEBI:34208
EC No.	205-026-8
DTXSID	DTXSID3022403
현지명	벤조페논-8

화학 및 물리적 성질

XLogP	3.3
극성 표면적	66.8
수소 결합 공여자 수	2
수소 결합 수용자 수	4
회전 가능 결합 수	3
무거운 원자 수	18
형식 전하	0
복잡도	292
물질 분류	UV filter
의약품	Pharmaceuticals -> Listed in ZINC15
화장품	Cosmetic ingredients (Benzophenone-8) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)Uv absorber
SpringerMaterials Properties	Boiling point
밀도	1.39 g/cu cm at 22.7 °C1.2379 (rough estimate)
Color/Form	Yellow powder
용해도	Practically insoluble in waterSolubility in g/100 mL at 25 °C: ethanol 21.8isopropanol 17propylene glycol6.2ethylene glycol 3.0n-hexane 1.5Freely soluble in alcohol, tolueneDMSO(약간 용해됨), 메탄올(약간 용해됨)
Endocrine Disruptors	Potential endocrine disrupting compound
끓는 점	338 to 347 °F at 1 mmHg (NTP, 1992)BP: 172 °C at 1 mm Hg170-175 °C1 mm Hg(lit.)
Decomposition	Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions: Carbon oxidesWhen heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating vapors.
녹는점	68 °CMP: 70.6-77.2 °C73-75 °C(lit.)
Physical Description	2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone is a yellow powder. (NTP, 1992)Dry Powder
증기압	0-0Pa at 20-25℃
굴절률	1.5389 (estimate)
저장 조건	Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
물리적 상태	Solid
pKa(산도 계수)	7.11±0.35(Predicted)
색상	황백색에서 노란색까지
Merck	14,3303
안정성	안정적인. 강한 산화제와 호환되지 않습니다.
화장품 원료 기능	자외선 흡수제
InChI	1S/C14H12O4/c1-18-9-6-7-11(13(16)8-9)14(17)10-4-2-3-5-12(10)15/h2-8,15-16H,1H3
InChIKey	MEZZCSHVIGVWFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES	COc1ccc(c(O)c1)C(=O)c2ccccc2O
LogP(분배 계수)	2.33 at 23.5℃
NIST	Dioxybenzone(131-53-3)
EPA	Dioxybenzone (131-53-3)

화학적 성질

Light yellow powder. Freezing point 68℃, boiling point 170-175℃(0.133kPa), relative density 1.382(25℃).Solubility at 25℃(g/100g solvent): benzene 46.6, n-hexane 2.3, 95% ethanol 21.4, carbon tetrachloride 22.2, methylethyl ketone 55.3, plasticiser DOP 31.1, insoluble in water.

안전 및 규제

GHS 분류	This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 9.8% (5 of 51) of reports.WarningH315 (84.3%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 51 reports by companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.
규제 정보	Chemical: Methanone, (2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)(2-hydroxyphenyl)-Methanone, (2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)(2-hydroxyphenyl)- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Methanone, (2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)(2-hydroxyphenyl)- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 29-03-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/23375Methanone, (2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)(2-hydroxyphenyl)-: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.
화재 위험	Flash point data for this compound are not available. It is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)
FDA 요건	Sunscreen active ingredients. The active ingredient of the product consists of any of the following, within the concentration specified for each ingredient, and the finished product provides a minimum SPF value of not less than 2 as measured by the testing procedures established in subpart D of this part. Dixoybenzone up to 3% is included on this list.
반응성 그룹	Ethers
Special Reports	Cosmetic Ingredient ReviewAnnual Review of Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Assessments - 2002-2003. Int J Toxicol 24 (Suppl 1): 1-102 (2005)[Available from, as of November 21, 2018: https://www.cir-safety.org/ingredients]
Reactivity Profile	An alcohol and a ketone. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides. Ketones are reactive with many acids and bases liberating heat and flammable gases (e.g., H2). The amount of heat may be sufficient to start a fire in the unreacted portion of the ketone. Ketones react with reducing agents such as hydrides, alkali metals, and nitrides to produce flammable gas (H2) and heat. Ketones are incompatible with isocyanates, aldehydes, cyanides, peroxides, and anhydrides. They react violently with aldehydes, HNO3, HNO3 + H2O2, and HClO4.
Air and Water Reactions	No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.
Other Hazardous Reactions	Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents
Hazard Classes and Categories	Skin Irrit. 2 (84.3%)
소화	This compound is not very flammable but any fire involving this compound may produce dangerous vapors. You should evacuate the area. All firefighters should wear full-body protective clothing and use self-contained breathing apparatuses. You should extinguish any fires involving this chemical with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide, foam, or halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)
응급 처치	EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
소화 절차	Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
보관 조건	Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Keep in a dry place.
정리 방법	ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURESPersonal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
비화재 누출 대응	SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with alcohol, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with alcohol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminate area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.
처리 방법	SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air qualitypotential migration in air, soil or watereffects on animal, aquatic and plant lifeand conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.
Preventive Measures	Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURESPersonal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains.Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)	RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166 Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166 (EU).Skin protection: Handle with gloves.Body Protection: Impervious clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.Respiratory protection: For nuisance exposures use type P95 (US) or type P1 (EU EN 143) particle respirator. For higher level protection use type OV/AG/P99 (US) or type ABEK-P2 (EU EN 143) respirator cartridges. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
체내 부담	2,2'-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone was tested for but not detected (detection limit = 0.10ng/mL) in 34 urine samples from Tunisian women, collected from May to October 2012(1). The compound was detected, not quantified in four of 177 urine samples from the general population in Seoul and Gyeonggi province, Koreasampling was conducted between July and August, 2014(2).
상호 작용	Amiodarone hydrochloride is currently being investigated in the United States as a cardiac antiarrhythmic agent. Previous reports from Europe indicate that amiodarone occasionally causes a cutaneous photosensitivity reaction that may be associated with a peculiar blue-gray discoloration of the skin. In addition, corneal microdeposits of yellow-brown granules may occur. We report observations on a case of amiodarone photosensitivity and corneal deposits developing in a patient shortly after amiodarone therapy was begun. Symptoms included burning and stinging of the skin, with redness and swelling that developed immediately after sun exposure. Phototesting showed that the photoactivating wavelengths were primarily in the long-wave UV-A spectrum between 350 and 380 nm. Prior application of a 10% dioxybenzone sunscreen greatly reduced the phototest reaction. Four weeks after the patient stopped taking amiodarone, the UV-A sensitivity was still present but diminished, and by ten weeks it had disappeared. During this time, the corneal deposits were reduced in number. All ten patients we have treated so far with amiodarone for cardiac arrhythmias have shown a similar photosensitivity, indicating that this is probably a phototoxic reaction.Sunscreens are widely utilized due to the adverse effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on human health. The safety of their active ingredients as well as that of any modified versions generated during use is thus of concern. Chlorine is used as a chemical disinfectant in swimming pools. Its reactivity suggests sunscreen components might be chlorinated, altering their absorptive and/or cytotoxic properties. To test this hypothesis, the UV-filters oxybenzone, dioxybenzone, and sulisobenzone were reacted with chlorinating agents and their UV spectra analyzed. In all cases, a decrease in UV absorbance was observed. Given that chlorinated compounds can be cytotoxic, the effect of modified UV-filters on cell viability was examined. Chlorinated oxybenzone and dioxybenzone caused significantly more cell death than unchlorinated controls. In contrast, chlorination of sulisobenzone actually reduced cytotoxicity of the parent compound. Exposing a commercially available sunscreen product to chlorine also resulted in decreased UV absorbance, loss of UV protection, and enhanced cytotoxicity. These observations show chlorination of sunscreen active ingredients can dramatically decrease UV absorption and generate derivatives with altered biological properties.BACKGROUND: Sunscreen compounds with added benefit of skin cancer prevention have both public and commercial interests. Our earlier study using the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen in vitro assay reported on skin cancer chemoprevention potential of benzophenone sunscreens. We now report the in vivo antitumor activity of two of the benzophenone sunscreens which tested positively in the in vitro assay, octabenzone (UV-1) and dioxybenzone (UV-2), in the two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis model using (+/-)-(E)-4-methyl-2-[-(E)-hydroxyamino]-5-nitro-6-methoxy-3-hexanamide (NOR-1) as inducer and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as promoter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pathogen-free, female hairless mice of HOS:HR-1 strain, 15 animals per control and test groups, were used. Skin tumors were induced by a single dose of NOR-1 (390 nmol in 100 uL of acetone). One week later, TPA (1.7 nmol in 100 uL of acetone) was applied to skin twice weekly for 20 weeks as tumor a promoter. The test compounds UV-I or UV-2 were administered at 0.0025% to mice through drinking water ad libitum, starting one week prior to and stopping one week after tumor initiation. All animals were examined weekly for the development of skin papillomas. RESULTS: In both UV-1- and UV-2-treated mice, a two-week delay in tumor appearance, and significant inhibition (p<0.001) of tumor incidence (50% and 60%, respectively) and tumor burden (papilloma inhibition/mouse, 50% and 70%, respectively) were observed when compared to the positive control group. UV-2 (dihydroxy derivative) was a more potent inhibitor of skin tumor than UV-1 (monohydroxy derivative), which followed their antioxidant activity ranking. CONCLUSION: The results affirm the skin cancer chemoprevention potential of orally-ingested benzophenone sunscreens in mice and warrant studies in humans to validate synergistic protection achievable by complementation of oral and topical sunscreen usage.This study aimed to qualify photosafety screening on the basis of photochemical and pharmacokinetic (PK) data on dermally applied chemicals. Six benzophenone derivatives (BZPs) were selected as model compounds, and in vitro photochemical/phototoxic characterization and dermal cassette-dosing PK study were carried out. For comparison, an in vivo phototoxicity test was also conducted. All of the BZPs exhibited strong UVA/UVB absorption with molar extinction coefficients of over 2000 M(-1) x cm(-1), and benzophenone and ketoprofen exhibited significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation upon exposure to simulated sunlight (about 2.0 mW/sq cm)however, ROS generation from sulisobenzone and dioxybenzone was negligible. To verify in vitro phototoxicity, a 3T3 neutral red uptake phototoxicity test was carried out, and benzophenone and ketoprofen were categorized to be phototoxic chemicals. The dermal PK parameters of ketoprofen were indicative of the highest dermal distribution of all BZPs tested. On the basis of its in vitro photochemical/phototoxic and PK data, ketoprofen was deduced to be highly phototoxic. The rank of predicted phototoxic risk of BZPs on the basis of the proposed screening strategy was almost in agreement with the results from the in vivo phototoxicity test. The combined use of photochemical and cassette-dosing PK data would provide reliable predictions of phototoxic risk for candidates with high productivity.The sunscreen protection factor (SPF) is essentially a factor that accounts for all the variables (UV absorption range, maximum absorbance, molar absorptivity, concentration, pH, solvent) that determine the effectiveness of a sunscreen product. SPFs are derived by dividing the minimum dose of sunlight needed to produce erythema (MED) on sunscreen-protected skin by that dose producing the same effect on unprotected skin. The US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approved method for determining SPFs relies on a solar simulator. Sunlight generally cannot be used because it is too variable. However, some clinicians believe that use of a solar simulator on a small number of test subjects may not provide an accurate indication of a product's effectiveness. Sunscreens with SPFs of 2 to less than 4 afford only minimum protection against sunburn but permit suntanningSPFs of 4 to less than 8 allow moderate sunburn protection and UVB exposures of 4-8 times longer than unprotected skin but permit some suntanningSPFs of 8 to less than 12 provide high sunburn protection and allow UVB exposures of 8-12 times longer than unprotected skin and permit limited suntanningSPFs of 12 to less than 20 provide very high sunburn protection and UVB exposures of 12-20 times longer than unprotected skin and permit little or no suntanningand SPFs of 20-30 provide ultra high sunburn protection, offering the most protection and permitting no suntanning. Effective May 21, 2001, the FDA is condensing these categories into 3 broader groups of sunscreen products and has generalized the category designations. Sunscreens with SPFs of 2 to less than 12 afford minimal protection against sunburn and tanningSPFs of 12 to less than 30 allow moderate sunburn or suntan protectionand SPFs of 30 and above provide high protection against sunburn or tanning. /Sunscreens/
생태독성 수치	LC50Species: Dugesia japonica (Flatworm)Conditions: freshwater, staticConcentration: 5.3 mg/L for 24 hr (95% confidence interval: 5.1-5.4 mg/L) />99% purity/Concentration: 4.4 mg/L for 48 hr (95% confidence interval: 4.2-4.7 mg/L) />99% purity/Concentration: 3.6 mg/L for 72 hr (95% confidence interval: 3.4-3.8 mg/L) />99% purity/Concentration: 3.3 mg/L for 96 hr (95% confidence interval: 3.1-3.5 mg/L) />99% purity/
환경 거동	TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1300(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.0X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). 2,2'-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 2.0X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2). Utilizing the CO2 Evolution Test, 0% CO2 Evolution was reached in 28 days(3) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1300(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.0X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 40(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 3.82(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Utilizing the CO2 Evolution Test, 0% CO2 Evolution was reached in 28 days(5) indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 2.0X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC)the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.0X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(2). Particulate-phase 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). UV light absorbing substances, such as 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, accepted as a means of protecting skin against UV radiation damage, absorb UV light in the range of 285-400 nm(2) suggesting that this compound may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).
독성 요약	Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.orgIDENTIFICATION AND USE: 2,2'-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (dioxybenzone) is a solid, which is used as a benzophenone sunscreen agent. Many sunscreens contain UVA-absorbing avobenzone or a benzophenone (such as dioxybenzone, oxybenzone, or sulisobenzone), in addition to UVB-absorbing chemical ingredients (some of which also contribute to UVA protection). HUMAN STUDIES: There are no human toxicity studies available. Although it has been suggested that benzophenone derivatives may protect against photosensitivity reactions to photosensitizing drugs (e.g., chlordiazepoxide, chlorpromazine, demeclocycline, hydrochlorothiazide, nalidixic acid, nystatin, sulfisoxazole), most clinicians agree that these sunscreens provide, at most, only limited protection for patients who are sensitive to these drugs. ANIMAL STUDIES: Dioxybenzone was nonmutagenic when assayed directly and was weakly mutagenic with metabolic activation in Salmonella strain TA1537. Dioxybenzone was not mutagenic in vivo in the mouse micronucleus test. In mice, signs of toxicity including decreased activity, piloerection, and exophthalmus were observed at doses of 166-5000 mg/kg. Dioxybenzone given orally delayed skin tumors and inhibited tumor incidence and tumor burden in the two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis model. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Dioxybenzone was more toxic to the two tested coral species than other benzophenone derivatives.
Average Daily Intake	According to the 2016 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 1 reporting facility estimated the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone in the United States is not known or reasonably ascertainablethe data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).Occupational exposure to 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone via dermal contact with consumer products containing 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone. Limited monitoring data indicate that the general public may be exposed via inhalation of house dust. (SRC)
생태독성 발췌	/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The benzophenone (BP) organic ultraviolet (UV) filters have been measured in seawater at ng/L to ug/L levels, but more data on their effects in non-target marine organisms are needed. Corals can be exposed to BPs due to wastewater discharges and coastal recreational activities. In this study, toxicities and bioaccumulation of BP-1 (2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone), BP-3 (oxybenzone), BP-4 (sulisobenzone) and BP-8 (dioxybenzone) to larvae and adults of two coral species, Pocillopora damicornis and Seriatopora caliendrum, were assessed at concentrations ranging from 0.1-1000 ug/L. BP-1 and BP-8 exposure caused significant settlement failure, bleaching and mortality of S. caliendrum larvae [lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC): >/=10 ug/L] compared to the other BPs, while none of the tested compounds and concentrations affected P. damicornis larvae. Nubbins were more sensitive to BP-3, BP-1 and BP-8 than larvae. Overall, BP-1 and BP-8 were more toxic to the two tested species than BP-3 and BP-4, which matches the relative bioaccumulation potential of the four BPs (BP->BP-1~BP-3>BP-4). A conservative risk assessment using the effect concentrations derived from this study showed that BP-3, BP-1 and BP-8 pose high or medium risk to the health of corals in popular recreational areas of Taiwan and Hong Kong. ...Future ecotoxicological studies of corals should take their sensitivities, life stages and metabolic capacities into consideration.
Ongoing Test Status	The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Status of Agents Search page, which tabulates the results and current status of tests such as "Short-Term Toxicity Studies", "Long-term Carcinogenicity Studies", "Developmental Studies", "Genetic Toxicology Studies", etc., performed with this chemical. Testing status for 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone is available.[Available from, as of February 1, 2019: https://ntpsearch.niehs.nih.gov/?e=True&ContentType=Testing+Status]EPA has released the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays/[USEPAICSS Dashboard ApplicationAvailable from, as of February 4, 2019: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]
Effluent Concentrations	... Dioxybenzophenone has been reported in Slovenian wastewater treatment plant effluents... removal efficiency >85.5% ...
Soil Adsorption/Mobility	Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone can be estimated to be 1300(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,2'-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC).
Human Toxicity Excerpts	/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ The wavelength to which the skin is maximally sensitive had been accepted for many years to be 296.7 nmhowever, recent evidence suggests that the most erythemogenic UVB wavelength may be slightly lower (e.g., somewhere in the range of 292-295 nm). In addition, of the stronger burning wavelengths that reach the earth's surface, most are approximately 310 nm. Therefore, sunscreens that maximally absorb UVB radiation near either of these wavelengths are particularly effective at preventing sunburn. Maximum absorbance occurs at about 290 nm for PABA, at about 295 nm for glyceryl-p-aminobenzoate, and at about 310 nm for the remaining PABA derivatives. Maximum absorbance occurs at 280-290 nm for benzophenone derivatives, at 310 nm for cinnamic acid derivatives with the exception of diethanolamine-p-methoxycinnamate which has its maximum absorbance at 290 nm, and at 300-305 nm for salicylate derivatives and other miscellaneous sunscreens. /Sunscreens//OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Chemical sunscreens are usually agents that absorb not less than 85% of UVB radiation (thus preventing burning) but may permit transmission of UVA radiation (thus allowing tanning). Some sunscreens may absorb wavelengths over a range that is slightly wider or narrower than that of UVB. All PABA derivatives absorb wavelengths of approximately 290-320 nm, benzophenone derivatives absorb wavelengths of approximately 250-360 nm, cinnamic acid derivatives absorb wavelengths of 280-320 nm, and salicylate derivatives and other miscellaneous chemical sunscreens absorb wavelengths of about 270-320 nm. /Sunscreens/
Artificial Pollution Sources	2,2'-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streamsits use as a sunscreen ingredient(1,2) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).
수질 위해 등급(WGK)	3
TSCA 등재 상태	TSCA listed
RTECS 번호	DJ1049500
관세 코드	29145090
위험 문구(R)	36/37/38
위험 표시	Xi
안전 문구(S)	26-36
기존화학 물질	KE-10840
위험 등급	Eye Irrit. 2Skin Irrit. 2STOT SE 3
저장 분류	11 - Combustible Solids
유해 물질 데이터	131-53-3(Hazardous Substances Data)

용도

일반 설명

Dioxybenzone, also known as benzophenone-8, is an organic compound and a derivative of benzophenone used commercially in sunscreens. It absorbed UV-B and UV-AII rays. Dioxybenzone is an approved sunscreen ingredient in concentrations up to 3%.

제조 및 합성 방법

제조 방법

preparation by condensation of salicylic acid and m-methoxyphenol.