염산디펜히드라민
디페피드라민수화염화물 · 염산디펜히드라민 · 다이펜하이드라민에이치씨엘 · 다이펜하이드라민하이드로클로라이드 · DIPHENHYDRAMINE HCL · BAX · Diphenhydramine HCI · Benylin
식별자 및 물리적 특성
| CAS No. | 147-24-0 |
|---|---|
| 분자식 | C17H21NO.ClH |
| 평균 분자량 | 291.8 g/mol |
| 단동위원소 질량 | 291.138992 g/mol |
| SMILES | CN(C)CCOC(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1.Cl |
| InChIKey | PCHPORCSPXIHLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 8980 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1620 |
| EC No. | 205-687-2 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID4020537 |
| 현지명 | 염산디펜히드라민 |
화학 및 물리적 성질
| 극성 표면적 | 12.5 |
|---|---|
| 수소 결합 공여자 수 | 1 |
| 수소 결합 수용자 수 | 2 |
| 회전 가능 결합 수 | 6 |
| 무거운 원자 수 | 20 |
| 형식 전하 | 0 |
| 복잡도 | 211 |
| 물질 분류 | Pharmaceutical |
| 용해도 | greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 70.7 °F (NTP, 1992)>43.8 [ug/mL] (The mean of the results at pH 7.4)물에 매우 잘 녹고 알코올에 잘 녹습니다. |
| Human Drugs | Breast FeedingLactationMilk, HumanAntihistaminesFDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient |
| 녹는점 | 331 to 338 °F (NTP, 1992)168-172 °C |
| Physical Description | Diphenhydramine hydrochloride appears as white or almost-white crystalline powder. Odorless with a bitter numbing taste. pH (5% aqueous solution) 4-6. (NTP, 1992) |
| Collision Cross Section | 162.7 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TWMethod: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards] |
| 끓는 점 | 163-167 °C(Press: 3 Torr) |
| 밀도 | 1.0489 (rough estimate) |
| 굴절률 | 1.5800 (estimate) |
| 인화점 | 9℃ |
| 저장 조건 | 2-8°C |
| 물리적 상태 | 결정성 분말 또는 부착된 결정체 |
| 색상 | 하얀색 |
| pH | pH(100g/L, 25℃) 4.0～5.5 |
| 용해도 | 1000g/L |
| Merck | 14,3309 |
| 안정성 | 안정적이지만 빛에 노출되면 천천히 어두워집니다. 강한 산화제와 호환되지 않습니다. |
| 화장품 원료 기능 | 헤어 컨디셔닝피부 컨디셔닝 |
| InChI | 1S/C17H21NO.ClH/c1-18(2)13-14-19-17(15-9-5-3-6-10-15)16-11-7-4-8-12-16/h3-12,17H,13-14H2,1-2H31H |
| InChIKey | PCHPORCSPXIHLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | Cl[H].CN(C)CCOC(c1ccccc1)c2ccccc2 |
| LogP(분배 계수) | 3.662 (est) |
| NIST | diphenhydramine hydrochloride(147-24-0) |
| EPA | Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (147-24-0) |
화학적 성질
White or almost white, crystalline powder. odorless and has a bitter, numbing taste. soluble in water and in alcohol.
안전 및 규제
| GHS 분류 | WarningH302 (99.1%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]P264, P270, P301+P317, P330, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)Aggregated GHS information provided per 221 reports by companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.DangerH302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral] |
|---|---|
| 규제 정보 | Diphenhydramine hydrochloride: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard |
| 기타 안전 정보 | IMAP assessments - Ethanamine, 2-(diphenylmethoxy)-N,N-dimethyl-, hydrochloride: Environment tier I assessment |
| 화재 위험 | Flash point data for this chemical are not availablehowever, it is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992) |
| 건강 유해성 | SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include photosensitivity, hypotension, headache, hemolytic anemia, dizziness, disturbed coordination, nervousness, tremor, insomnia, blurred vision, tinnitus, epigastric distress, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation and tightness of the chest. Other symptoms may include anaphylactic shock, fatigue, confusion, restlessness, euphoria, diplopia, urinary frequency, drowsiness, urticaria, drug rash, excessive perspiration, chills, dryness of the mouth, nose and throat, palpitations, tachycardia, extrasystoles, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, sedation, excitation, irritability, paresthesia, acute labyrinthitis, neuritis convulsions, anorexia, difficult urination, urinary retention, early menses, thickening of bronchial secretions, wheezing and nasal stuffiness. Other symptoms may include inability to concentrate, muscular weakness, nightmares, difficulty in micturition, elation, depression, hyperpyrexia, muscle twitching lassitude, tingling, heaviness, and weakness of hands. Overdosage reactions may include atropine-like symptoms, dry mouth, fixed and dilated pupils, flushing, gastrointestinal symptoms, central nervous system depression to stimulation, hallucinations, convulsions and death. |
| 반응성 그룹 | Ethers |
| Reactivity Profile | DIPHENHYDRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE gives acidic solutions in water. Neutralizes bases. May react with strong oxidizing and strong reducing agents. May catalyze organic reactions. Slowly darkens on exposure to light. |
| Air and Water Reactions | Water soluble. Aqueous solutions are acidic. |
| Hazard Classes and Categories | Acute Tox. 4 (99.1%)Acute toxicity (Oral) - Category 4 |
| 소화 | Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992) |
| 응급 처치 | EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. |
| 비화재 누출 대응 | SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with water, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. |
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992) |
| Treatment | There is no specific antidote for diphenhydramine toxicity, but the anticholinergic syndrome has been treated with physostigmine for severe delirium or tachycardia. Benzodiazepines may be administered to decrease the likelihood of psychosis, agitation, and seizures in patients who are prone to these symptoms. |
| 건강 영향 | They cause slurred speech, disorientation and "drunken" behavior. They are physically and psychologically addictive. |
| 노출 경로 | Oraltopicalparenteral(intramuscular or intravenous injection). Quickly absorbed with maximum activity occurring in approximately one hour. |
| 독성 요약 | Diphenhydramine competes with free histamine for binding at HA-receptor sites. This antagonizes the effects of histamine on HA-receptors, leading to a reduction of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine HA-receptor binding. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Considerable overdosage can lead to myocardial infarction (heart attack), serious ventricular dysrhythmias, coma and death. |
| Carcinogen Classification | Diphenhydramine HydrochlorideTR-355: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride (CASRN 147-24-0) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies) (1989 )10/03/88Equivocal EvidenceNo Evidence |
| Drug Induced Liver Injury | Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank 2.0)Diphenhydramine hydrochloridevNo-DILI-concernNo matchDOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015 |
| Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation | ◉ Summary of Use during Lactation |
| Toxicity Data | LD50: 500 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (A308) |
| USGS Health-Based Screening Levels for Evaluating Water-Quality | DiphenhydraminePharmaceuticalSmith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP |
| 수질 위해 등급(WGK) | 3 |
| RTECS 번호 | KR7000000 |
| 운송 번호(UN) | 2811 |
| 독성 | LD50 orally in rats: 500 mg/kg (Gruhzit, Fisken) |
| 관세 코드 | 29221990 |
| 위험 문구(R) | 22-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-11 |
| 위험 표시 | Xn,T,F |
| 안전 문구(S) | 36-45-36/37-16-7-24/25 |
| 위험 등급 | Acute Tox. 4 Oral |
| 저장 분류 | 11 - Combustible Solids |
용도
개요
Diphenhydramine is most commonly used as a first-generation antihistamine and is globally marketed in various brand formulations (Benadryl®, Unisom®, Tylenol®, Zzzquil®). It competitively blocks H1 receptors, thereby preventing the actions of histamine on bronchial smooth muscle, capillaries, and gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle. This prevents histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and GI smooth muscle spasms. Diphenhydramine exhibits anti-tussive, antiemetic, sedative, anti-allergic, and anticholinergic activities.
용도
Diphenhydramine is a H1-histamine receptor antagonist with anticholinergic (drying) and sedative side effects. It is categorized as an antihistaminic; sedative, hypnotic, treatment of allergic. It is used to treat allergy and cold symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, watery eyes, urticaria (hives), skin rash, and pruritus (itchy skin).
일반 설명
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride(Benadryl), is an oily, lipid-soluble free base available as the bitter-tasting hydrochloride salt, which is a stable, White or almost-white crystalline powder. Odorless with a bitter numbing taste. soluble in water (1:1), alcohol (1:2) and chloroform (1:2). The salt has a pKa value of 9, and a 1% aqueous solution has a pH of about 5.
제조 및 합성 방법
제조 방법
Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride synthesis is a four-step sequence starting with a Grignard reaction. Synthesis of Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride 6.A) modified synthetic route to diphenhydramine hydrochloride.B) Sequence of unit operations required for the synthesis. The dotted boxes denote the four stages of the synthesis. DMAE: dimethylaminoethanol.Organic synthesis in a modular robotic system driven by a chemical programming language