카듀사포스

Insecticides, Nematicides

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved

Pesticides -> Organophosphate Insecticides

Pesticide

Pesticide (Cadusafos) -> USDA PDB

log Kow = 3.90

3.9

Colorless to yellow liquid

Light to dark-gray amorphous granules

In water, 245 mg/L at 25 °C

Miscible with acetone, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, toluene, methanol, isopropanol, and heptane.

0.0009 [mmHg]

1.2X10+2 mPa /9.0X10-4 mm Hg/ at 25 °C

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 5.2% (3 of 58) of reports.

Danger

H300 (94.8%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P316, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P320, P321, P330, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 58 reports by companies from 4 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Danger

Commission Regulation (EC) No 451/2000

Cadusafos is listed in the dataset of EPA Human Health Benchmarks for Pesticides under the Safe Drinking Water Act (40 eCFR 141)

2007/428

No significant adverse effects were observed besides inhibition of cholinesterase activity in high-dose animal studies; In a two generation feeding study with rats the LOEL for reproductive toxicity was 0.5 ppm (0.025 mg/kg/day) based on marked decrease in live birth index; No evidence of teratogenicity based on studies with rabbits and rats; [HSDB] The average of two baseline respective cholinesterase activity determinations three days apart, with no exposures to enzyme inhibiting pesticides for at least 30 days, is recommended for each worker prior to exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors because of large inter-individual differences in published baseline values. To be established at least once a year. Removal from workplace exposures is recommended until the cholinesterase activity returns to within 20% of baseline. [TLVs and BEIs]

USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; Report of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) Tolerance Reassessment Progress and Risk Management Decision (TRED) for Cadusafos EPA 738-R-00-005 (June 2000). EPA issues a TRED for a pesticide that requires tolerance reassessment decisions, but does not require a reregistration eligibility decision at present because: the pesticide was initially registered after November 1, 1984, and by law is not included within the scope of the reregistration program; EPA completed a RED for the pesticide before FQPA was enacted on August 3, 1996; or the pesticide is not registered for use in the U.S. but tolerances are established that allow crops treated with the pesticide to be imported from other countries.[Available from, as of August 29, 2013: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/reregistration/status.htm]

A tolerance is established for the residues of the nematicide/insecticide cadusafos (O-ethyl S,S-di-sec-butyl phosphorodithioate) in or on the following raw agricultural commodity: banana. There are no U.S. registrations as of May 10, 1994, for the nematicide/insecticide cadusafos.

EPA has concluded, after completing its assessment of the cumulative risks associated with exposures to all of the OPs, that: (1) the pesticides covered by the IREDs that were pending the results of the OP cumulative assessment (listed in Attachment A) are indeed eligible for reregistration; and (2) the pesticide tolerances covered by the IREDs and TREDs that were pending the results of the OP cumulative assessment (listed in Attachment A) meet the safety standard under Section 408(b)(2) of the FFDCA. Thus, with regard to the OPs, EPA has fulfilled its obligations as to FFDCA tolerance reassessment and FIFRA reregistration, other than product-specific reregistration.

...The Environmental Protection Agency... has completed its review of the available data and public comments received related to the revised risk assessment for the organophosphate pesticide cadusafos. The public comment period on the revised risk assessment phase of the tolerance reassessment process is closed. The /Report of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) Tolerance Reassessment Progress and Risk Management Decision/ summarizes the Agency's assessment of the dietary risk from cadusafos as part of the tolerance reassessment process for this chemical, presents a summary of the related food tolerance for this single chemical, and provides the Agencys current risk management decision based on the risk assessment. Cadusafos has no U.S. registrations and only one import tolerance on bananas, and the dietary risk analysis indicates that the risk is below the Agencys level of concern. Therefore, no mitigation is necessary at this time.

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

/GUIDE 131: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. /Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, poisonous; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, poisonous, flammable; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, toxic, flammable/

For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Cadusafos (16 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Acute Tox. 2 (94.8%)

Acute toxicity (Oral) - Category 2

Acute toxicity (Oral) - Category 2

49 216 74; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 216 75; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, liquid)

49 105 44; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 105 45; Organophosphorus pesticide, liquid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, liquid)

49 216 76; Organophosphorus pesticide, solid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (insecticides, other than agricultural, NEC)

49 216 77; Organophosphorus pesticide, solid, not otherwise specified (compounds and preparations) (agricultural insecticides, NEC, other than liquid)

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

UN 3017; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, flammable, flashpoint not less than 23 °C

UN 3018; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic

UN 2783; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic

UN 2784; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic, flashpoint less than 23 °C

For more Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO (Complete) data for Cadusafos (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel. Remove trapped material with suction hoses. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete. Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash, cement powder, or commercial sorbents. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic; Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

Do not contaminate water by cleaning equipment or disposal of waste.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic/

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, flammable, toxic/

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning material. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Cadusafos (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A tolerance is established for the residues of the nematicide/insecticide cadusafos (O-ethyl S,S-di-sec-butyl phosphorodithioate) in or on the following raw agricultural commodity: banana, 0.01 ppm. There are no U.S. registrations as of May 10, 1994, for the nematicide/insecticide cadusafos.

LD50; Species: /Colinus virginianus/ (Bobwhite quail) oral 16 mg/kg

LD50; Species: /Anas platyrhynchos/ (Mallard duck) oral 230 mg/kg

LC50; Species: /Oncorhynchus mykiss/ (Rainbow trout); Concentration: 0.13 mg/L for 96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50; Species: /Lepomis macrochirus/ (Bluegill sunfish); Concentration: 0.17 mg/L for 96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Cadusafos (17 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 77.5 to 621.43, depending on soil type(2,3), indicate that cadusafos is expected to have high to low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of cadusafos from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 9.0X10-4 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 245 mg/L(3). Cadusafos is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Half-lives ranging from 11.4 to 42.6 days have been determined for cadusafos in soils under different environmental conditions(2,4).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), reported Koc values of 77.5 to 621.43, depending on soil type(2,3), indicate that cadusafos is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.3X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.0X10-4 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 245 mg/L(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 45 and 340 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 175(SRC), from its log Kow of 3.90(3) and a regression-derived equation(6), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC). However, bioconcentration studies on structurally similar ethoprop which had a BCF range of 4 to 17 measured in juvenile sheepshead minnow(7), suggests that bioconcentration may be lower than that indicated by the regression-derived equations. Ethoprophos, a structurally similar chemical to cadusafos, is stable in neutral and weakly acidic media and is rapidly hydrolyzed in alkaline media(8).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), cadusafos, which has a vapor pressure of 9.0X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase cadusafos is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.2X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). A half-life of <115 days in light has been reported, but the medium and wavelengths were not specified(2).

/FIELD STUDIES/ Pesticides used in banana production may enter watercourses and pose ecological risks for aquatic ecosystems. The occurrence and effects of pesticides in a stream draining a banana plantation was evaluated using chemical characterization, toxicity testing and macrobenthic community composition. All nematicides studied were detected in the surface waters of the banana plantation during application periods, with peak concentrations following applications. Toxicity tests were limited to the carbofuran application and no toxicity was observed with the acute tests used. However, since pesticide concentrations were generally below the lowest LC50 value for crustaceans but above calculated aquatic quality criteria, there remains a risk of chronic toxicity. Accurate ecological assessments of pesticide use in banana plantations are currently limited by the lack of local short-term chronic toxicity tests and tests using sensitive native species. Relatively constant levels of four pesticides (imazalil, thiabendazole, chlorpyrifos and propiconazole), which had toxic effects according to the 96 hr hydra and 21 days daphnia chronic test, were recorded in the effluent of the packing plant throughout the study, indicating that the solid waste trap used in this facility was not effective in eliminating toxic chemicals. Certain taxa, such as Heterelmis sp. (Elmidae), Heteragrion sp. (Megapodagrionidae, Odonata), Caenis sp. (Caenidae, Ephemerotera), and Smicridea sp. (Hidropsychidae, Trichoptera), were more abundant at reference sites than in the banana farm waters, and may be good candidates for toxicity testing. Multivariate analyses of the macroinvertebrate communities clearly showed that the banana plantation sites were significantly different from the reference sites. Moreover, following the pesticide applications, all the banana plantation sites showed significant changes in community composition, with the same genera being affected at all sites and for all pesticides (terbufos, cadusafos and carbofuran). Consequently, the results presented here show that multivariate analysis of community composition was more sensitive in distinguishing pesticide effects than the toxicity tests and richness and composition measures used. We conclude that monitoring macroinvertebrate communities can be a powerful tool in the assessment of ecological effects of banana production.

SRP: Workers should undergo an annual medical exam. Contraindications for work with organophosporous pesticides are organic diseases of the CNS, mental disorders and epilepsy, and pronounced endocrine disorders. Blood cholinesterase, both plasma and RBC, must be determined before work starts. In the event of prolonged work periods, this activity should be determined at intervals of 3-4 days. Persons exhibiting a fall in cholinesterase activity of 25% or more must be transferred to other work where they are not exposed until cholinesterase activity is restored. /Organophosphorous pesticides/

Measurement of whole blood-AChE is the most widely adopted method for monitoring the effects of occupational exposure to organophosphorus insecticides. Physiological variations in blood ChE levels occur in a healthy person and are seen among a population. It has been estimated that the coefficient of variation for AChE activity in samples from an individual is 8-11%, and that a decrease of 23% below pre-exposure level may, therefore, be considered significant. If the average of several pre-exposure values were available, then a decrease of 17% would be significant. It has been recommended that, if measured activity is reduced by 30% or more of the pre-exposure value, AChE measurements should be repeated at appropriate intervals to confirm the results. Depressions of AChE or ChE in excess of 20-25% are considered diagnostic of exposure but not, necessarily, indicative of hazard. Depressions of 30-50% or more are considered indicators for removal of an exposed individual from further contact with pesticides until levels return to normal. /Organophosphorus Pesticides/

...Organophosphorus pesticides may undergo hydrolysis in vivo to yield substituted phosphoric acids that are subsequently excreted in urine. Advances in gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) have made it possible to analyse the urine of exposed persons for the presence of appropriate metabolites. It is usually necessary to preserve the sample by the addition of chloroform, to concentrate or extract the metabolite(s), and to convert them to suitably-volatile derivatives that can be detected by GC. Obviously, access to a well-equipped analytical laboratory, capable of the quick processing of samples, is a necessary factor if monitoring by urine analysis is proposed. However, in some cases, simpler and sensitive colorimetric tests are available for screening the urine of exposed persons. Thus, 4-nitrophenol can be measured directly in the urine of workers exposed to parathion. Consideration of the concentration of metabolite(s) in the urine can be helpful in determining patterns of exposure, and these concentrations can be calibrated against the effects on AChE for a particular pesticide. However, the time-course and peak of excretion of metabolites appears to vary according to dose, so that serial sampling and analyses of urine are desirable. Levels of metabolite alone cannot be considered a guide to hazard. This is obvious when it is realized that pesticides that have very different toxicities may yield identical acidic metabolites. Thus, the level of metabolites in urine, after exposure to sufficient amounts of the very toxic parathion-methyl to depress blood-AChE to 50%, will be much lower than that of the identical metabolites, following exposure to the related fenitrothion, which is about 40 times less toxic. /Organophosphorus Pesticides/

Koc values ranging from 77.50 to 621.43 were determined for cadusafos in 6 soils from the Martinique, French West Indies and Languedoc, South of France(1). Koc values of 144 to 351 were also reported for cadusafos(2). According to a classification scheme(3), Koc values in the ranges of 50-150, 150-500, and 500-2000 indicate high, moderate and low mobility, respectively. Clay and cation exchange capacity of the soils affected adsorption-desorption parameters(1). Higher Koc values were observed for those soils with higher clay and cation exchange capacity(1).

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Signs and symptoms of acute intoxication by organophosphorus insecticides include muscarinic, nicotinic, and central nervous system (CNS) manifestations. Symptoms may develop rapidly, or there may be a delay of several hours after exposure before they become evident. The delay tends to be longer in the case of more lipophilic compounds, which also require metabolic activation. Symptoms may increase in severity for more than one day and may last for several days. In severe cases, respiratory failure is a dominant effect. /Organophosphorus Pesticides/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Re-exposures. Persons who have been clinically poisoned by organophosphate pesticides should not be re-exposed to cholinesterase inhibiting chemicals until symptoms and signs have resolved completely and blood cholinesterase activities have returned to at least 80 percent of pre-poisoning levels. If blood cholinesterase was not measured prior to poisoning, blood enzyme activities should reach at least minimum normal levels before the patient is returned to a pesticide contaminated environment. /Organophosphate pesticides/

AEROBIC: Half-lives ranging from 37.3 to 42.6 days at 25 °C and 27.0 to 37.8 days at 35 °C were determined for cadusafos in 6 soils from the Martinique, French West Indies and Languedoc, South of France(1). Soil half-lives of 14 to 16 days were reported for cadusafos, summer half-life of 11.4 days and 20 days in the winter were also reported(2). Soil half-life decreased directly proportional to soil moisture and indirectly proportional to soil temperature(2).

A tolerance is established for the residues of the nematicide/insecticide cadusafos (O-ethyl S,S-di-sec-butyl phosphorodithioate) in or on the following raw agricultural commodity: banana. There are no U.S. registrations as of May 10, 1994, for the nematicide/insecticide cadusafos.

EPA has concluded, after completing its assessment of the cumulative risks associated with exposures to all of the OPs, that: (1) the pesticides covered by the IREDs that were pending the results of the OP cumulative assessment (listed in Attachment A) are indeed eligible for reregistration; and (2) the pesticide tolerances covered by the IREDs and TREDs that were pending the results of the OP cumulative assessment (listed in Attachment A) meet the safety standard under Section 408(b)(2) of the FFDCA. Thus, with regard to the OPs, EPA has fulfilled its obligations as to FFDCA tolerance reassessment and FIFRA reregistration, other than product-specific reregistration.

...The Environmental Protection Agency... has completed its review of the available data and public comments received related to the revised risk assessment for the organophosphate pesticide cadusafos. The public comment period on the revised risk assessment phase of the tolerance reassessment process is closed. The /Report of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) Tolerance Reassessment Progress and Risk Management Decision/ summarizes the Agency's assessment of the dietary risk from cadusafos as part of the tolerance reassessment process for this chemical, presents a summary of the related food tolerance for this single chemical, and provides the Agencys current risk management decision based on the risk assessment. Cadusafos has no U.S. registrations and only one import tolerance on bananas, and the dietary risk analysis indicates that the risk is below the Agencys level of concern. Therefore, no mitigation is necessary at this time.

Organophosphorus insecticides exert their acute effects in both insects and mammals by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the nervous system with subsequent accumulation of toxic levels of acetylcholine (ACh), which is a neurotransmitter. In many cases, the organophosphorylated enzyme is fairly stable, so that recovery from intoxication may be slow. /Organophosphorus Pesticides/

Metabolism occurs principally by oxidation, hydrolysis by esterases, and by transfer of portions of the molecule to glutathione. Oxidation of organophosphorus insecticides may result in more or less toxic products. The glutathione transferase reactions produce products, that are, in most cases, of low toxicity. Hydrolytic and transferase reactions affect both thioates and their oxons. /Organophosphorus Pesticides/

Hydroxy sulfones were the major metabolites /in animals/, followed by phosphorothioic and sulfonic acids.

Male and female rats (Sprague-Dawley, 5/sex/dose) were administered an oral dose of (14)C-labelled cadusafos (at the butyl side chains) at rates of 1 and 21 mg/kg bw. Another group received multiple oral doses of 1 mg/kg bw (labelled and non-labelled material). Results from oral dosing were compared to those from iv dosing consisting of a single dose of about 0.8 mg/kg bw. The excretion pattern found in previous experiments was confirmed. Analyses of excretion profiles showed that the majority of (14)C activity was eliminated within the first 24 hours after dosing. In the fraction of non-conjugated neutral metabolites the majority of the radioactivity excreted in urine was contributed by methyl-1-methyl-2- hydroxypropane sulfone. Other metabolites detected were 0-ethyl-S-(2-butyl) phosphorothioic acid, S,S-di-(2-butyl) phosphorodithioic acid, methyl-2-butyl-sulfone and sulfoxide. 0-ethyl-S-(2-butyl)phosphorothioic acid, methylsulfonic acid, hydroxy sulfone and sec-butyl sulfonic acid were identified. As major polar metabolites in the remaining fractions such compounds as 4-hydroxy-2-butyl sulfonic acid, 3-hydroxy-2-butyl sulfonic acid, sec-butyl sulfonic acids, and S-(2-butyl) phosphorothioic acid were detected. In feces the parent compound was found at rates of 6-64% in the different oral dosing regimens with highest values after administration of a single oral high dose. In the iv dosed group parent compound was not detected in feces. Major fecal metabolites were sec-butyl sulfonic acid and monophosphorothioic acid-related acidic compounds. Cleavage of the thio-(sec-butyl) group is the initial step producing sec-butyl mercaptan and 0-ethyl-S-(2-butyl)phosphorothioic acid as major metabolites. Further cleavage and oxidation reactions may result in S-(2-butyl)phosphorothioic acid or 0-ethyl phosphorothioic acid, methyl sec-butyl sulfide, sulfoxide, sulfone and finally hydroxysulfones. Sec-butyl mercaptan can also be oxidized to butyl sulfonic acid, ethyl and methyl sulfonic acid. Formation of CO2 could be derived from either the sec-butyl mercaptan moiety or the corresponding sulfonic acid. CO2 may then be incorporated into urea or other endogenous substances.

... Elimination of the phosphorus-containing residue may be via the urine or feces. Some bound residues remain in exposed animals. Binding seems to be to proteins, principally, and the turnover appears to be related to the half-life of these proteins. There are limited data showing that incorporation of residues into DNA occurs only in trace amounts and not by direct alkylation, such as might be believed to be associated with genetic damage. /Organophosphorus Pesticides/

Readily absorbed, metabolized and eliminated in urine and feces.

Adult rats (Sprague-Dawley, 5/sex) were dosed orally with single doses of 20 mg/kg bw (14)C-labelled cadusafos. Urine and feces were collected for 7 days. Animals were then sacrificed and carcass and tissues were analyzed for residual radioactivity. About 75% of the applied radioactivity was excreted in urine and about 15% in feces over the course of 7 days. Most radioactivity was eliminated within the first 24 hours after dosing. Highest residues were measured in liver and in adipose tissue with a mean value of 0.7 ppm. Another group of rats (5/sex) was monitored for (14)CO2. Expiration amounted to 13% of the applied radioactivity within three days. No sex difference in the elimination and distribution pattern was observed.

Rats (Crl:CD(SD)BR, 10/sex/group) received one of four dosing regimens with (14)C-labelled cadusafos. Dosing regimens were a single oral low dose of 1 mg/kg bw, a single iv dose of 0.8 mg/kg bw, multiple oral low doses of 1 mg/kg bw nonlabelled material over 14 days followed by an additional dose of labelled material and a control group. Urine and feces were collected for 7 days and tissues were then analyzed for remaining radioactivity. Animals for which 14CO2 was monitored were sacrificed 3 days after dosing. For all groups, more than 90% of the administered radioactivity was eliminated within 48 hours after dosing. Mean total urinary excretion was about 67%, 78% and 71% after oral single, iv and oral multiple dosing, respectively. Corresponding excretion values in feces were 10%, 5% and 7%. (14)CO2 expiration varied between 13% and 16% in the three dosing regimens. Residues in tissues were low. Highest levels were measured in liver and in fat showing mean concentrations of up to about 0.07 ppm in liver and 0.03 ppm in fat after oral dosing. In the iv study mean concentration in lung was highest with mean values of about 0.05 ppm, followed by a concentration of 0.03 ppm in liver and fat. No marked sex differences were observed.

Used for broad control of parasitic plant nematodes and soil insects in fruits, vegetables, and other crops; [HSDB] Used as nematicide and soil insecticide on bananas in Central and South America; [Reference #1]

Not currently registered as a pesticide for use in the US; [HSDB] No US registrations; [Reference #1]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

For cadusafos (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 128864) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Insecticide, nematicide. Control of plant parasitic nematodes and soil insects in field, vegetable, fruit crops. /Former US/

Used to control nematodes and soil insects on bananas in Ecuador, Costa Rica, Honduras, Guatemala, Columbia, and Mexico

Granule, emulsifiable concentrate, microemulsion concentrate.

Apache

Rugby

Taredan

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies cadusafos (technical grade) as Class IB: highly hazardous; Main Use: insecticide, nematocide.

Organophosphate insecticide structurally similar to ethoprop.

USA: Not registered for use; Outside USA: for bananas, plantains, and potatoes.

One /US/ import tolerance on bananas