플루메트람

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants. Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide flumetsulam, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities in the table in this paragraph. Compliance with the tolerance levels specified in this paragraph is to be determined by measuring only flumetsulam, N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5-methyl-(1,2,4)-triazolo-(1,5a)-pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide, in or on the commodity.[Table#8512]

Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Complete suit protecting against chemicals. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: For nuisance exposures use type P95 (US) or type P1 (EU EN 143) particle respirator. For higher level protection use type OV/AG/P99 (US) or type ABEK-P2 (EU EN 143) respirator cartridges. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

LC50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern Bobwhite Quail) age 10 days; diet >5620 ppm for 8 days /99.6% purity/

LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard Duck) age 10 days; diet >5620 ppm for 8 days /99.6% purity/

LD50; Species: Colinus virginianus (Northern Bobwhite Quail) age 16 weeks; oral via capsule >2250 mg/kg /99.6% purity/

LD50; Species: Apis mellifera (Honey Bee) age <8 days; topical, general >100 ug/bee /99.8% purity/

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for Flumetsulam (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 4.3-182(2-4), indicate that flumetsulam is expected to have very high to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of flumetsulam is 4.6(5), indicating that this compound will partially exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(6). Koc values for neutral and anion forms of flumetsulam were reported as 650 and 121, respectively(7. Volatilization of the anion from moist soil is not expected because anions do not volatilize(SRC). Volatilization of neutral flumetsulam from moist soil surfaces is not expected(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.1X10-15 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure, 2.78X10-12 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 565 mg/L(8). Flumetsulam is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(5). Biodegradation half-lives of flumetsulam in soil were reported as 13-246 days(2,9).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values of 4.3-182(2-4), indicate that flumetsulam is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa of 4.6(5) indicates flumetsulam will exist partially in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization from water surfaces of the anion is not expected(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces of neutral flumetsulam is not expected(6) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.1X10-15 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 2.78X10-12 mm Hg(5), and water solubility, 565 mg/L(7). Flumetsulam did not hydrolyze after 2 months in aqueous solutions buffered to pH 5, 7 and 9(2). According to a classification scheme(8), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow of 0.21(5) and a regression-derived equation(9), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Flumetsulam had a biodegradation half-life of 183 days in a water/sediment matrix incubated under anaerobic conditions(10).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), flumetsulam, which has a vapor pressure of 2.78X10-12 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase flumetsulam may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Flumetsulam contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Flumetsulam is a broad-spectrum, season-long herbicide used in the control of broadleaf weeds in soybeans, corn, and other major crops. HUMAN STUDIES: There are no data available. ANIMAL STUDIES: Flumetsulam did not induce sensitization following dermal exposure in mice. Beagle dogs were fed flumetsulam at nominal dosages of 100-1000 mg/kg/day (males) or 1500 or 2500 mg/kg/day (females) for 2 weeks. In females, degeneration and regeneration of the renal tubular epithelial cells, and lymphocytic infiltration of hepatic sinusoids were reported. In mice fed flumetsulam for 2 weeks, decreased kidney weights were reported in males at dietary concentrations of 1.5 and 3.0% and in females given 3.0%, which corresponded to dosages >3500 mg/kg/day. In rats, dietary exposure to concentrations of up to 5% (approximately 6000 mg/kg/day) for 2-4 weeks identified the kidney as the primary target organ. Effects in the kidneys consisted of focal necrosis and inflammation of the papilla(e), and tubular epithelial cell degeneration and regeneration. The dog appeared to be the most sensitive species to long-term exposure to flumetsulam. Administration of dosages of 500 mg/kg/day in the diet for 1 year produced inflammatory and atrophic changes in the kidney, accompanied by calculi in females. There was no evidence of a tumorigenic or carcinogenic response in either rats or mice at dosages up to 1000 mg/kg/day in a 2-year study. Gavage administration of flumetsulam to pregnant rabbits at dosages of 500-700 mg/kg/day produced dose-related episodes of anorexia, with sequelae secondary to the altered nutritional status, but no embryo-fetotoxicity or teratogenicity accompanied these maternal effects. No evidence of maternal toxicity, embryo-fetotoxicity ot teratogenicity was observed in rats following exposure of pregnant females to 1000 mg/kg/day in the diet, though the weights of the ceca were increased, consistent with effects noted in previous dietary studies. No parental toxicity or alterations in reproductive performance occurred in rats given up to 1000 mg/kg/day over two generations. Flumetsulam was negative for mutagenic activity in an in vivo bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test), an in vitro cytogenetic assay in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO/HGPRT assay), an in vitro rat hepatocyte unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assay, and an in vivo cytogenetic assay in mouse bone marrow cells.

EPA has released the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays/[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of August 9, 2018: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

Koc values of 5-75 were reported in 21 soils(1), 4.3-44 in seven soils(2) and 5-182(3). The Koc of neutral and anion forms of flumetsulam were reported as 650 and 121, respectively(4). According to a classification scheme(5), these reported Koc values suggest that flumetsulam is expected to have very high to low in soil. The pKa of flumetsulam is 4.6(6), indicating that this compound will exist partially in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(7).

The Koc for flumetsulam in seven varying soils was measured. Organic matter content and pH are both important factors in the behavior of flumetsulam in soil(1).[Table#8514]

AEROBIC: Biodegradation half-lives of 13-130 days were reported in 21 soils(1). The biodegradation rate of flumetsulam at 7.5, 15.0, 26.1, 35.9 and 44.0 °C was measured as 0.00282, 0.00604, 0.01425, 0.02036 and 0.02566/day corresponding to respective half-lives of 246, 115, 49, 34 and 27 days(2). Soil half-life is mediated by exclusively biotic means, influenced by soil pH and organic carbon content(3). Flumetsulam has a reported biodegradation half-lives of 30-246 days in soil(4).

ANAEROBIC: The biodegradation half-life of flumetsulam measured under anaerobic conditions in a water/sediment matrix incubated for 360 days at 25 °C was 183 days(1).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for flumetsulam(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.21(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

A pKa of 4.6(1) indicates flumetsulam will exist partially in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and, therefore, volatilization of the anion from water surfaces is not expected(SRC). The Henry's Law constant for flumetsulam is estimated as 2.1X10-15 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 2.78X10-12 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 565 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that neutral flumetsulam is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water and moist soil surfaces(3). Flumetsulam is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ A cluster of occupational asthma (OA) cases associated with occupational exposure to 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (AMT) and N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide (DE498) in a herbicide producing plant was previously reported by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Due to the limited toxicological data available for these chemicals, murine studies were undertaken to evaluate the toxicity and sensitization potential of these two agents. No signs of systemic toxicity as evaluated by body and selected organ weights or irritancy were observed following dermal exposure to concentrations up to 25% (w/v) AMT in BALB/c mice. DE498 tested negative for sensitization potential in both the TOPKAT QSAR model and in vivo in the Local Lymph Node Assay (LLNA), while AMT tested positive in both TOPKAT QSAR and the LLNA. Evaluation of the potential for AMT to induce contact hypersensitivity using the MEST yielded negative results. Cytokine evaluation and phenotypic analysis of draining lymph node (DLN) cells demonstrated an increase in IL-4 and IgE+B220+ cells 4 and 10 days post initial exposure, respectively. Following dermal exposure 7 days a week for 35 days, animals exposed to up to 25% AMT demonstrated a dose-dependent elevation in total serum IgE and an increase in airway hyperreactivity upon methacholine challenge. Following intratracheal challenge with AMT, pulmonary histopathology revealed a dose-dependent suppurative and histiocytic alveolitis in these animals. These studies indicate that DE498 does not induce sensitization following dermal exposure; however, AMT was identified as a sensitizer with the potential to induce airway hyperreactivity.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Beagle dogs were fed flumetsulam at nominal dosages of 100-1000 mg/kg/day (males) or 1500 or 2500 mg/kg/day (females) for 2 weeks. In females, degeneration and regeneration of the renal tubular epithelial cells, and lymphocytic infiltration of hepatic sinusoids were reported. The NOEL in dogs was approximately 800 mg/kg/day (nominally 1000 mg/kg/day). In dogs given a dosage of 1000 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks, degenerative microscopic changes in the renal papilla, slight biliary stasis, and hepatocellular necrosis were observed. At 500 mg/kg/day, slight renal papillary degeneration was noted microscopically in males, and increases in serum AP and globulin levels and decreased serum albumin levels, with no histopathologic correlates, were reported in both males and females. A dosage of 500 mg/kg/day was considered the NOAEL in females.

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In B6C3F1 mice fed flumetsulam for 2 weeks, decreased kidney weights were reported in males at dietary concentrations of 1.5 and 3.0% and in females given 3.0%, which corresponded to dosages >3500 mg/kg/day. The NOEL in mice was 0.5% (approximately 1150-1365 mg/kg/day). B6C3F1 mice given dosages of 100-5000 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks displayed only a minimal increase in centrolobular-to-midzonal hepatocellular eosinophilia at the highest dosage, and decreased vacuolation of renal proximal tubular epithelium which is of doubtful toxicologic significance. The NOEL for mice was 1000 mg/kg/day, and 5000 mg/kg/day was considered a NOAEL.

Flumetsulam did not hydrolyze after 2 months in aqueous solutions buffered to pH 5, 7 and 9(1). Flumetsulam contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide flumetsulam, including its metabolites and degradates, in or on the commodities in the table in this paragraph. Compliance with the tolerance levels specified in this paragraph is to be determined by measuring only flumetsulam, N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5-methyl-(1,2,4)-triazolo-(1,5a)-pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide, in or on the commodity.[Table#8513]

Flumetsulam. Interim Decision (EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0625). Flumetsulam has been registered as a pesticide in the United States since 1985, and is currently registered for use as an herbicide for control of broadleaf weeds in field corn and soybeans. Flumetsulam is registered only for agricultural uses; there are no registered residential or public recreational uses of flumetsulam. EPA conducted a human health risk assessment and did not identify any risks of concern. No human health mitigation is being undertaken for flumetsulam at this time by the Agency. The Agency also conducted an ecological risk assessment for existing flumetsulam uses listed above. For existing uses, risks of concern were identified for listed and non-listed aquatic and terrestrial plant species from the use of flumetsulam on corn and soybeans. Listed aquatic and terrestrial animals may also be affected through indirect effects because of the potential effects on listed and non-listed aquatic and terrestrial plant species. EPA published a proposed interim registration review decision for flumetsulam in the Federal Register on September 24, 2014 (79 FR 57084) (FRL-9916-39). The document includes various label changes to mitigate risks to non-target plants by reducing spray drift. Comments from three stakeholders were received on the proposed interim decision; these comments did not change the conclusions of the decision or the proposed mitigation to address ecological risks. At this time in registration review, it is premature to make an endangered species effects determination for federally listed species and their designated critical habitats under the ESA. Also, flumetsulam has not yet been evaluated under the EDSP. Therefore, the Agency's final registration review decision is dependent upon the results of the evaluation of risks to threatened and endangered species and of potential endocrine disruptor risk. Pending the outcome of these actions, EPA is issuing an interim registration review decision for flumetsulam at this time