크루포메이트

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]:

Use water spray, powder.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Refer for medical attention .

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Crufomate:

(General first aid procedures)

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, NOS/

Rooms used for storage only should be soundly constructed & fitted with secure locks. Floors should be kept clear & pesticides clearly identified. If repacking is carried out in storage rooms, adequate light should be available; floors should be impervious & sound ... . /Pesticides/

Pesticides containers must be provided with labels indicating the degree of toxicity of the product they contain. The labels must not only give a short description of how to use the prepn, but also state basic precautions to be taken when applying it. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Pesticides of any degree of toxicity should be transported in containers which are clearly labelled, leak-proof, and not easily damaged. They should never be transported /or stored/ beside, or above any type of food, and all spillages should be immediately reported. /Pesticides/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

All organic pesticides, whether of botanical or synthetic origin, can be destroyed by incineration. /Organic pesticides/

Manufacturers or formulators of very large amounts of pesticides may find it advantageous to build incinerators adequate to destroy all organic pesticides and equipped with scrubbers to remove acid wastes. /Organic pesticides/

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.

Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for RUELENE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

SINGLE ORAL DOSES OF RUELENE WERE ADMIN TO RATS TOGETHER WITH EACH OF THE 14 THEN-COMMERCIAL CHOLINESTERASE-INHIBITING INSECTICIDES. NO COMBINATION PRODUCED GREATER THAN ADDITIVE RATIOS OF EXPECTED TO OBSERVED LD50 VALUES EXCEPT RUELENE WITH MALATHION, WHERE THE RATIO WAS 5:3.

DO NOT USE IN CONJUNCTION WITH OR WITHIN A FEW DAYS OF ... ANY OTHER CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITING CMPD. (AVOID USE WITH PHENOTHIAZINE, PHENOTHIAZINE TRANQUILIZERS). /COUMAPHOS/

Some phenothiazines may antagonize & some may potentiate the toxic anticholinesterase effects of ... /organophosphorus insecticides/. /Organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors/

In long term therapy, adrenocorticoids antagonize the antiglaucoma effects of anticholinesterases (incr ocular pressure). ... Anticholinergics antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & other muscarinic effects of anticholinesterases on the autonomic & central nervous systems. Tricyclic antidepressants (anticholinergic effects) antagonize the antiglaucoma (miotic) effects of anticholinesterases in glaucoma. ... Antihistamines with anticholinergic effects antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & CNS effects of anticholinesterases. Anticholinesterases potentiate tranquilizing & behavioral changes induced by antihistamines. The actions of anticholinesterase agents on autonomic effector cells, & to some extent those on CNS, are antagonized by atropine, an antidote of choice. Barbiturates are potentiated by anticholinesterases. ... Dexpanthenol potentiates the effects of anticholinesterases. Fluorophosphate insecticides potentiate the effects of other anticholinesterases. /Anticholinesterases/

For more Interactions (Complete) data for RUELENE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LC50 GAMMARUS FASCIATUS 3.7 MG/L/96 HR AT 15 °C (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT: 3.4-4.1 MG/L), MATURE STATIC BIOASSAY WITHOUT AERATION, PH 7.2-7.5, WATER HARDNESS 40-50 MG/L AS CALCIUM CARBONATE AND ALKALINITY OF 30-35 MG/L.

LC50 LEPOMIS MACRCHIRUS (BLUEGILL) 1.8 MG/L AT 8 °C (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT: 1.3-2.4 MG/L), WT 1.0 G STATIC BIOASSAY WITHOUT AERATION, PH 7.2-7.5, WATER HARDNESS 40-50 MG/L AS CALCIUM CARBONATE AND ALKALINITY OF 30-35 MG/L.

LD50 Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard) oral 265 (confidence limits 170-414) mg/kg /purity 92%/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,700(SRC), determined from an experimental log Kow(2,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ruelene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ruelene from moist soil surfaces is not expected(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Ruelene is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based on an estimated vapor pressure of 3.8X10-5 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(5). Biodegradation data for ruelene are not available(SRC).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1,700(SRC), determined from an experimental log Kow(2,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ruelene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Ruelene is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.5X10-9 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF value of 230(3,SRC), from an experimental log Kow(2,SRC), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Biodegradation data for ruelene are not available(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ruelene, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 3.8X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2,SRC), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ruelene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about ll hours(3,SRC). Particulate-phase ruelene may be physically removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.

inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Dizziness. Sweating. Laboured breathing. Nausea. Unconsciousness. Vomiting. Pupillary constriction, muscle cramp, excessive salivation.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

Abdominal cramps. Diarrhoea. Nausea. Vomiting. Pupillary constriction. Muscle cramps. Excessive salivation.

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; wheezing, dyspnea (breathing difficulty); blurred vision, lacrimation (discharge of tears); sweating; abdominal cramps, diarrhea, nausea, anorexia

Workers handling & applying pesticides must undergo an annual medical examination at the beginning of each agricultural season. Contraindications /meaning further clinical evaluations/ for work with /organophosphorus pesticides/ are organic diseases of the central nervous system, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases & circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis & keratitis). The blood cholinesterase activity must be determined before work starts. In the event of prolonged work periods, this activity should be determined at intervals of 3-4 days. Persons exhibiting a fall in cholinesterase activity of 25% or more must be transferred to other work where they are not exposed to organophosphorus pesticides until this activity is completely restored. Persons with initial signs of indisposition should /be protected from exposure from/ pesticides. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

... Surveillance of workers could be carried out through measurement of blood or urinary levels of the cmpd to which they are exposed, or through measurement of a metabolite. /Organic phosphorus pesticides/

... There is no change in red blood cell cholinesterase activity in adults associated with age. ... Activity of this enzyme increases progressively during the first year of life, it is higher in children under 3 yr of age than in older children, and it is markedly higher in 5 yr old children than in 3 yr olds. /Organic phosphorus pesticides/

Cholinesterase activity of plasma is significantly higher in men than in women, and this is true no matter which of several choline esters are used as substrate in measuring the enzyme activity. According to some, the difference is confined to young people. There is no sex difference in the red cell enzyme activity. Serum cholinesterase activity of blacks tends to be lower than whites of the same sex. /Organic phosphorus pesticides/

The Koc of ruelene is estimated as approximately 1,700(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 3.42(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that ruelene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC).

Used to kill cattle lice, grubs, and horn flies; [HSDB]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

/SRP: FORMER USE/ INSECTICIDE FOR CATTLE GRUBS, HORN FLIES & LICE ON CATTLE

Medication (vet): Anthelmintic; insecticide

Animal systemic insecticide used for cattle grub control.

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies Crufomate (technical grade) as an active ingredient believed to be obsolete or discontinued for use as a pesticide.

PRODUCT DISCONTINUED BY THE DOW CHEMICAL CO.

INCOMPATABILITIES: ... IT IS INCOMPATIBLE WITH ALKALINE PESTICIDES ... .

ORALLY EFFECTIVE AGAINST HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS, OSTERTAGIA SPECIES, & TRICHOSTRONGYLUS SPECIES, BUT RELATIVELY INEFFECTIVE AGAINST MANY IMMATURE FORMS & NEMATODIURUS IN SHEEP. IN CATTLE WARBLE CONTROL THERE IS SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN TOXICITY WHICH APPEARS TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH DEATH & ABSORPTION OF LARVAE RATHER THAN TOXICITY OF INSECTICIDE PER SE. USE DRUG BEFORE LARVAE REACH GULLET & EPIDURAL AREAS. THIS IS SEPTEMBER FOR MOST OF USA, ITALY, BULGARIA, & IRELAND.

CRUFOMATE IS A SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDE & ANTHELMINTIC USED MAINLY FOR THE TREATMENT OF CATTLE AGAINST WARBLE FLIES, ECTOPARASITES & HELMINTHS. IT IS NOT USED IN CROP PROTECTION. ... NONHAZARDOUS TO WILDLIFE.