트리클로로네이트

(Non-Specific -- Organophosphate Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) Move container from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing.

Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) [ACGIH] - Acetylcholinesterase activity in red blood cells = 70% of individual's baseline; Butylcholinesterase activity in serum or plasma = 60% of individual's baseline; Sample at end of shift; [TLVs and BEIs]

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, NOS/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, NOS/

Rooms used for storage only should be soundly constructed & fitted with secure locks. Floors should be kept clear & pesticides clearly identified. If repacking is carried out in storage rooms, adequate light should be available; floors should be impervious & sound ... . /Pesticides/

Pesticides containers must be provided with labels indicating the degree of toxicity of the product they contain. The labels must not only give a short description of how to use the prepn, but also state basic precautions to be taken when applying it. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Pesticides of any degree of toxicity should be transported in containers which are clearly labelled, leak-proof, and not easily damaged. They should never be transported /or stored/ beside, or above any type of food, and all spillages should be immediately reported. /Pesticides/

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Trichloronate is hydrolyzed by alkali. Recommendable method: Incineration. Peer-review: Incineration @ high temp in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing is recommendable for large amt. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

All organic pesticides, whether of botanical or synthetic origin, can be destroyed by incineration. /Organic pesticides/

Manufacturers or formulators of very large amounts of pesticides may find it advantageous to build incinerators adequate to destroy all organic pesticides and equipped with scrubbers to remove acid wastes. /Organic pesticides/

Carefully avoid skin contact and inhalation of dusts and spray mists. Precautions are as commonly observed for cholinesterase-inhibiting organophosphates ...

In some situations where personnel may become accidently contaminated ... it is necessary to provide shower bath in addition to the usual washing facilities. Special arrangements for cleaning clothing & overalls may be necessary ... /Pesticides/

Special aircraft should preferably be used for spraying or dusting toxic organophosphorus pesticides. ... aerial spraying or dusting gives rise to clouds which spread over larger surfaces than clouds produced by ground application. Aerial spraying should therefore be carried out on windless days only. Residential areas, water supply sources, etc must be avoided. ... When aircraft approaches, signalmen /guiding the aircraft/ should leave the windward side. ... The local population should be informed about the site & time of aerial pesticide treatment. Access of unauthorized persons & especially children to the area to be treated must be ... forbidden. Warning signs should be placed at the limits of the area. Ground spraying must be carried out with compressed-air spraying equipment towed by tractors with closed cabs. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

Small packages of pesticides are preferable for individual application in order to limit the quantities to be weighed & metered. A special vessel with long stirring rod for dilution & suspension of the poison must be available in order to reduce manual handling to a minimum. The strict observance of hygiene rules--no smoking & no food intake during work. Thorough washing with soap after work, changing protective clothing before going home--is of utmost importance. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for TRICHLORONATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

0.91 [mg/m3]

10 [mg/m3]

30 [mg/m3]

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

Respiratory protection (supplied-air respirator with full facepiece or self-contained breathing apparatus) should be available where these compounds are manufactured or used and should be worn in case of emergency and overexposure. /Phosphorus compounds/

WORKERS HANDLING AND APPLYING ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES (OPP) MUST ... BE GIVEN PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT COMPRISING OVERALLS MADE OF A TIGHT FABRIC OR POLYVINYL CHLORIDE, GLOVES, AND RUBBER BOOTS. THEY MUST WEAR A RESPIRATOR WITH AN ACTIVATED-CARBON GAS FILTER CARTRIDGE AFFORDING PROTECTION FOR A DETERMINED NUMBER OF WORKING HOURS. THE EYES SHOULD BE PROTECTED BY GOGGLES. THE SIGNALMEN FOR AERIAL DUSTING OPERATIONS SHOULD BE EQUIPPED WITH A HAT AND CAPE MADE OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE OR A FABRIC IMPREGNATED WITH A WATER REPELLENT. /PESTICIDES, ORGANOPHOSPHORUS/

Some phenothiazines may antagonize & some may potentiate the toxic anticholinesterase effects of ... /organophosphorus insecticides/. /Organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors/

In long term therapy, adrenocorticoids antagonize the antiglaucoma effects of anticholinesterases (incr ocular pressure). ... Anticholinergics antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & other muscarinic effects of anticholinesterases on the autonomic & central nervous systems. Tricyclic antidepressants (anticholinergic effects) antagonize the antiglaucoma (miotic) effects of anticholinesterases in glaucoma. ... Antihistamines with anticholinergic effects antagonize the miotic (antiglaucoma) & CNS effects of anticholinesterases. Anticholinesterases potentiate tranquilizing & behavioral changes induced by antihistamines. The actions of anticholinesterase agents on autonomic effector cells, & to some extent those on CNS, are antagonized by atropine, an antidote of choice. Barbiturates are potentiated by anticholinesterases. ... Dexpanthenol potentiates the effects of anticholinesterases. Fluorophosphate insecticides potentiate the effects of other anticholinesterases. /Anticholinesterases/

BARBITURATES ARE POTENTIATED BY ANTICHOLINESTERASES. ALTHOUGH BARBITURATES MAY BE USED CAUTIOUSLY IN TREATING CONVULSIONS, EXTREME CARE IS ESSENTIAL IN HANDLING POISONINGS DUE TO ANTICHOLINESTERASES, PARTICULARLY ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES. ECHOTHIOPHATE, A CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR USED AS MIOTIC, POTENTIATES OTHER SUCH INHIBITORS ... USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES (ADDITIVE EFFECTS) OR POSSIBLY SYNERGISTIC. THOSE EXPOSED TO ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES MUST TAKE STRICT PRECAUTIONS. ... ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES: ADDITIVE ANTICHOLINESTERASE EFFECTS. HAZARDOUS. PATIENTS ON ANTICHOLINESTERASES (EVEN TOPICAL, SUCH AS EYE DROPS) SHOULD AVOID AREAS WHERE ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES ... RECENTLY ... USED. /ANTICHOLINESTERASE/

ANTICHOLINESTERASE (ORGANOPHOSPHORUS) INSECTICIDES ANTAGONIZE POLARIZING MUSCLE RELAXANTS. PHENOTHIAZINES /AND THIOXANTHENES/: ... MAY ENHANCE TOXIC EFFECTS OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES. /INSECTICIDES, ORGANOPHOSPHORUS/

LD50 MALLARD, (FEMALE 3-4 MO OLD), ORAL 12.0 MG/KG (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT 8.65-16.5 MG/KG) /SAMPLE PURITY 98%/

LC50 Salmo gairdneri (rainbow trout) 0.2 mg/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Goldfish >10 mg/l/24 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/

LC50 Pteronarcy, second year class, 0.0001 mg/l/96 hr at 16 °C (95% confidence limit 0.00009-0.00012 mg/l) Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l.

For more Ecotoxicity Values (Complete) data for TRICHLORONATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 17,000(SRC), determined from an experimental log Kow(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that trichloronate will have no mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of trichloronate may be important from moist soil surfaces(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from experimental values of vapor pressure(4) and water solubility(5). However, volatilization is not expected to be important from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based on an experimental vapor pressure of 1.5X10-5 mm Hg(5). The half-life of trichloronate in soil has been determined to be 139 days(4). Ks, a rate constant for the combined processes that affect the persistence of a chemical in the soil surface, for trichloronate was determined to be 0.0048, 0.0083, and 0.0037 per day for June-July, Aug-Sept, and Oct-Nov, respectively, and 0.0050 in a composite soil sample(6). The half life of trichloronate in a loam soil was experimentally determined to be 180 and 177 days in laboratory experiments and 141 days (average) in field experiments(7). In the field experiments, an average of 37% of the residue remained after 10 months(7). In a biodegradation test using trichloronate in a moist sandy loam and moist muck, biological activity disappeared within 16 weeks and 4 weeks, respectively(8).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 17,000(SRC), determined from an experimental log Kow(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(1), indicates that trichloronate would adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC) in the water. Trichloronate would volatilize slowly from water surfaces based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.1X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from experimental values for vapor pressure(3) and water solubility(4). Estimated half-lives for a model river and model lake are 6.2 days and 51 days, respectively(1,SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF value of 5600(1,SRC), from an experimental log Kow(2) suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC). Biodegradation in water is likely to be slow based upon the persistence of trichloronate in soil(SRC).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), trichloronate, which has an experimental vapor pressure of 1.5X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase trichloronate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 5.2 hours(3,SRC). Particulate-phase trichloronate may be physically removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).

Trichloronate has been detected in fruit and vegetables grown in Denmark: in carrots in 5 out of 44 sample in 1978 and in 31 out of 112 samples in 1979 at average concentrations of 0.02 and 0.03 mg/kg; in lettuce in 1 out of 145 samples in 1978 at a concentration of 0.05 mg/kg; in celery in one out of 1 sample at a concentration 0.09 mg/kg(1). Trichloronate was found as a residue in foods in regulatory monitoring during 1978-82(2) and 1983-1986(3).

Workers handling & applying pesticides must undergo an annual medical examination at the beginning of each agricultural season. Contraindications for work with /organophosphorus pesticides/ are organic diseases of the central nervous system, mental disorders & epilepsy, pronounced endocrine & vegetative disorders, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases & circulatory disorders, gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer), gastroenterocolitis, diseases of liver & kidneys, eye diseases (chronic conjunctivitis & keratitis). The blood cholinesterase activity must be determined before work starts. In the event of prolonged work periods, this activity should be determined at intervals of 3-4 days. Persons exhibiting a fall in cholinesterase activity of 25% or more must be transferred to other work where they are not exposed to organophosphorus pesticides until this activity is completely restored. Persons with initial signs of indisposition should cease work with pesticides. /Organophosphorus pesticides/

A final diagnosis of mild to moderate acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning is rarely justified unless all of the following five conditions are present: 1. A definite history of exposure to an organophosphate pesticide. 2. A latent interval of not more than a few hours between that last exposure and the onset of illness. 3. A clinical picture in which most or all of the following signs or symptoms are present: headache, blurred vision, weakness, tightness in chest, and constricted pupils. 4. Reduction of plasma and RBC cholinesterase activity to a level substantially below 50% of baseline values. Because of the wide normal range of RBC cholinesterase in the population, symptoms may be present with reported "normal" levels. 5. An acute illness that is not substantially longer than 48 hours. The classic presentation for acute organophosphate toxicity includes history, evidence of exposure to organophosphate (garlic odor), signs/symptoms of cholinergic excess, improvement with atropine or pralidoxime, and inhibition of cholinesterase in blood. /Organophosphate pesticide poisoning/

... Surveillance of workers could be carried out through measurement of blood or urinary levels of the cmpd to which they are exposed, or through measurement of a metabolite. /Organic phosphorus pesticides/

The Koc of trichloronate is estimated as approximately 17,000(SRC), using an experimental log Kow of 5.23(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that trichloronate should be immobile in soil(SRC).

29-YR OLD MALE DRANK 2 GLASSES OF TRICHLORONATE. VOMITING OCCURRED IMMEDIATELY. SIGNS OF CHOLINERGIC CRISIS OCCURRED FOLLOWED 16 DAYS LATER BY PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY & FINALLY REGRESSION OF POLYNEUROPATHY WITH INCR SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA. MOTOR NERVE DAMAGE & AXONAL CHANGES ALONG WITH DEMYELINATION.

AMONG 32 CASES OF FATAL POISONING WITH PHYTOSOL, 28% SHOWED COMPLETE SUPPRESSION OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN CADAVER BLOOD. DEGREE OF INACTIVATION COULD NOT BE CORRELATED WITH PESTICIDE TOXICITY OR HOSPITALIZATION OF POISONED VICTIMS.

FATAL ENCEPHALOPATHY IN ACUTE POISONING WITH ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES IS PRESENTED.

Signs and symptoms: Cholinesterase inhibition, salivation, gastroenteritis, bronchoconstriction, pulmonary edema, muscle fasciculations, convulsions, peripheral neuropathy (delayed). /From table/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for TRICHLORONATE (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The half life of trichloronate in a loam soil was experimentally determined to be 180 and 177 days in laboratory experiments and 141 days (average) in field experiments(1). In the field experiments, an average of 37% of the residue remained after 10 months(1). In a biodegradation test using trichloronate in a moist sandy loam and moist muck, biological activity disappeared within 16 weeks and 4 weeks, respectively(2).

An estimated BCF value of 5600 was calculated for trichloronate(SRC), using an experimental log Kow of 5.23(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC).

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Trichloronate is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500 lbs.

Used as an insecticide against vegetable fly larvae and soil pests; Not marketed in the USA or Canada; [HSDB] No active product registrations in the US; [NPIRS]

Farming (Pesticides) [Category: Industry]

NON-SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDE

/IT IS/ USED AGAINST VEGETABLE FLY LARVAE IN FIELD & MARKET GARDEN CROPS; SOIL PESTS IN MEADOWS. ... NOT MARKETED IN THE USA OR CANADA.

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies Trichloronate (technical grade) as an active ingredient believed to be obsolete or discontinued for use as a pesticide.

DEVELOPED SINCE 1960 AS INSECTICIDE BY BAYER, LEVERKUSEN ... DEVELOPED IN USA BY CHEMAGRO CORPORATION, 1965. ... FOLIAR APPLICATION GIVES EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF APHIDS, MITES, ARMYWORM, IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM, BOLLWORM, LYGUS BUGS. SYSTEMIC ACTIVITY IS EXHIBITED ON COTTON & POTATOES.

IT IS NON-SYSTEMIC INSECTICIDE RECOMMENDED FOR CONTROL OF ROOT MAGGOTS, OTHER SOIL-DWELLING INSECTS & WIREWORMS.

Seed treatment for control of wheat bulb flies and bean flies.

For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for TRICHLORONATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.