퍼플루오로헥산

PFAS -> Intentionally added food contact chemicals

PFAS -> Other/unspecified

PFAS -> non-polymer

PFAS -> PFAS identified in REACH Regulation EC No. 1272/2008

PFAS -> Other/unspecified

PFAS -> Other Nonpolymers

1.6910 g/cu cm at 20 °C

Density: 1.7560 at 0 °C; 1.66970 at 25 °C (air satd. 1 atm); 1.6717 at 25 °C (degassed, equilibrium vapor pressure).

1.6995 @ 20°C

Course, transparent, needle-like crystals

Liquid

Colorless radiolucent liquid

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient

57.2 °C

56.6 °C @760 [mm Hg]

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 1.9% (2 of 107) of reports.

Warning

H315 (70.1%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]

P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 107 reports by companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Warning

Chemical: Hexane, tetradecafluoro-

Status: Active Update: 11-04-2019 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/28093

Tetradecafluorohexane: Does not have an individual approval but may be used as a component in a product covered by a group standard. It is not approved for use as a chemical in its own right.

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329. Effective date: 9/30/91; Reporting date: 11/27/91.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Perfluoro-N-hexane is included on this list. Effective date 9/30/91; Sunset date: 12/19/95.

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas; Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid inhalation of vapor or mist. Normal measures for preventive fire protection.

Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.

11 [ppm]

120 [ppm]

2000 [ppm]

Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection: Handle with gloves.

Body Protection: Impervious clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection: Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face respirator with multipurpose combination (US) or type AXBEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 8X10+4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that perfluoro-n-hexane is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of perfluoro-n-hexane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10+4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(2). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Perfluoro-n-hexane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 218 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). Biodegradation data in soil were not available(SRC, 2016).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 8X10+4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that perfluoro-n-hexane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10+4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5 hours and 7 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 2 years if adsorption is considered(4). Perfluoro-n-hexane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 720(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 4.83(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC). Biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC, 2016).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), perfluoro-n-hexane, which has a vapor pressure of 218 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase perfluoro-n-hexane has an estimated atmospheric life-time of 3070 to 3200 years(3,4). Perfluoro-n-hexane has 20-, 100- and 500-year Global Warming Potentials of 4500, 6800 and 9900, respectively(4). Perfluoro-n-hexane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(5) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Perflexane is a liquid. It is used in the electronics industry as a coolant and test bath medium. Non-toxic, non-ozone-depleting, inert reaction medium. It is also used as diagnostic aid (Ultrasound contrast agent). HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: There is no data. ANIMAL STUDIES: In dogs with preexisting pulmonary hypertension, perflexane lipid microspheres (16 mg/kg dose) increased both pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) transiently by an average of 5.7 mmHg (p < 0.05) 2 to 3 min after injection and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) by 5.9 mmHg per L/min (p < 0.05) 4 min after injection before returning to preinjection levels.

EPA has released the Interactive Chemical Safety for Sustainability (iCSS) Dashboard. The iCSS Dashboard provides an interactive tool to explore rapid, automated (or in vitro high-throughput) chemical screening data generated by the Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) project and the federal Toxicity Testing in the 21st century (Tox21) collaboration. /The title compound was tested by ToxCast and/or Tox21 assays/[USEPA; ICSS Dashboard Application; Available from, as of December 17, 2015: http://actor.epa.gov/dashboard/]

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of perfluoro-n-hexane can be estimated to be 8X10+4(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that perfluoro-n-hexane is expected to be immobile in soil.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... Patients with varying degrees of coronary artery stenosis on quantitative angiography underwent high-mechanical-index myocardial contrast echocardiography at 15 Hz to allow measurement of phasic changes in aBV in large intramyocardial vessels using either Definity (group 1; n=22) or Imagent (group 2; n=22) ... A systolic/diastolic aBV signal ratio of >0.34 provided a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 71%, respectively, for the detection of >75% coronary stenosis in group 1 patients, whereas a ratio of >0.43 provided a sensitivity and specificity of 89% and 74%, respectively, for the detection of >75% stenosis in group 2 patients. Both the presence and severity of a physiologically significant coronary stenosis can be detected at rest by measuring the increase in aBV on myocardial contrast echocardiography that occurs distally to the stenosis without recourse to any form of stress.

An estimated BCF of 720 was calculated in fish for perfluoro-n-hexane(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 4.83(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for perfluoro-n-hexane is estimated as 1.8X10+4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that perfluoro-n-hexane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 5 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 7 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 2 years if adsorption is considered(3). Perfluoro-n-hexane's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Perfluoro-n-hexane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 218 mm Hg(4).

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ ... /Perflexane/ (n = 8) or equivalent volume of saline (n = 7) /was injected/ iv in randomly ordered 1, 8 and 16 mg/kg doses in dogs with preexisting pulmonary hypertension ... Imagent had no effects on cardiac output, pulmonary gas exchange, lung wet:dry ratio or static compliance. However, the 16 mg/kg dose of /perflexane/ increased both pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) transiently by an average of 5.7 mmHg (p < 0.05) 2 to 3 min after injection and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) by 5.9 mmHg per L/min (p < 0.05) 4 min after injection before returning to preinjection levels. The lower doses of Imagent did not affect PAP or PVR ...

Perfluoro-n-hexane has an estimated atmospheric life-time of 3070-3200 years(1,2). Perfluoro-n-hexane has 20-, 100- and 500-year Global Warming Potentials of 4500, 6800 and 9900, respectively(2). Perfluoro-n-hexane is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Perfluoro-n-hexane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Occupational exposure to perfluoro-n-hexane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where perfluoro-n-hexane is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may have limited exposure to perfluoro-n-hexane via ultrasound medical imaging. (SRC)

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Report, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of perfluoro-n-hexane is 100 to 999; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).

Perfluoro-n-hexane's production and use as a coolant and ultrasound contrast agent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 218 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates perfluoro-n-hexane will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase perfluoro-n-hexane has an estimated atmospheric life-time of 3070 to 3200 years. Perfluoro-n-hexane has 20-, 100- and 500-year Global Warming Potentials of 4500, 6800 and 9900, respectively. Perfluoro-n-hexane does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, perfluoro-n-hexane is expected to be immobile based upon an estimated Koc of 8X10+4. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10+4 atm-cu m/mole. Perfluoro-n-hexane is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. Biodegradation data in soil or water were not available. If released into water, perfluoro-n-hexane is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 5 hours and 7 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 2 years if adsorption is considered. An estimated BCF of 720 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to perfluoro-n-hexane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where perfluoro-n-hexane is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may have limited exposure to perfluoro-n-hexane via ultrasound medical imaging. (SRC)

Section 8(a) of TSCA requires manufacturers of this chemical substance to report preliminary assessment information concerned with production, exposure, and use to EPA as cited in the preamble in 51 FR 41329. Effective date: 9/30/91; Reporting date: 11/27/91.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Perfluoro-N-hexane is included on this list. Effective date 9/30/91; Sunset date: 12/19/95.

FX3WJ41CMX

PERFLEXANE

Established Pharmacologic Class [EPC] - Contrast Agent for Ultrasound Imaging

Mechanisms of Action [MoA] - Ultrasound Contrast Activity

Perflexane is a Contrast Agent for Ultrasound Imaging. The mechanism of action of perflexane is as an Ultrasound Contrast Activity.

The metabolism and pharmacokinetic characteristics of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123), 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124), 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b), and perfluorohexane (PFH) were studied in rats. The study was part of a program to investigate possible health hazards presented by candidate Halon replacements for use as a fire extinguishant. Male Fischer-344-rats and Sprague-Dawley-rats were exposed nose only to 10,000 parts per million (ppm) HCFC-123, HCFC-124, HCFC-142b, or PFH for 2 hours. Urine samples were collected for 24 hours. The rats were killed 0 or 24 hours after exposure and the tissue distribution of the compounds and their metabolites was determined by gas chromatography and fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. HCFC-123, HCFC-124, HCFC-142b, and PFH were detected in all tissues of rats killed immediately after exposure. ... Most tissue concentrations of the halocarbons and metabolites were below the detection limit in rats examined 24 hours post exposure. ... No PFH metabolites were detected /in urine/. ...

Used as a coolant (electronics), inert reaction medium (non-toxic and non-ozone-depleting), and ultrasound contrast agent; [Merck Index] Perfluoroalkanes, e.g., perfluorodecalin, are used to produce blood substitutes. [Ullmann]

In the electronics industry as a coolant and test bath medium. Non-toxic, non-ozone-depleting, inert reaction medium.

Diagnostic aid (Ultrasound contrast agent).

• Refrigerant [Ref: https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/standards-and-guidelines/ashrae-refrigerant-designations]

non-polymer PFAS -> Personal Care products and cosmetics -> Moisturer

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule. [Table#7610]

Production volume for non-confidential chemicals reported under the 2006 Inventory Update Rule. Chemical: Hexane, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-tetradecafluoro-. Aggregated National Production Volume: < 500,000 pounds.