(+)-TUBOCURARINE CHLORIDE PENTAHYDRATE

개요Tubocurarine chloride is the only naturally occurring neuromuscular blocking agent. It is derived from the bark of the South American plant chondrodendron tomentosum, which has been used for centuries by South American Indians as an arrow poison. I t was the first non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agent to be used in humans. I t has a marked propensity to produce histamine release and thus hypotension, with possibly a compensatory tachycardia. Historically, tubocurarine, alcuronium and gallamine have been used in clinical practice, but they are no longer available in the UK. A lcuronium chloride is a semisynthetic derivative of toxiferin, an alkaloid of calabash curare. Gallamine triethiodide is a trisquaternary amine. It was first used in France in 1948. The only recent use of gallamine in the UK was as a small pretreatment dose (10 mg) before suxamethonium.

용도antibacterial

일반 설명Tubocurarine chloride,( )-tubocurarine chloride hydrochloride pentahydrate, isprepared from crude curare by a process of purification andcrystallization. Tubocurarine chloride occurs as a white oryellowish white to grayish white, odorless, crystalline powderthat is soluble in water. Aqueous solutions of it are stableto heat sterilization.The structural formula for (+)-tubocurarine was longthought to be that of Ia (see structure diagram). Throughthe work of Everett et al.,the structure is now knownto be that of Ib. The monoquaternary nature of Ib thusrevealed has caused some reassessment of thinking concerningthe theoretical basis for the blocking action, becauseall had previously assumed a diquaternary structure(i.e., Ia). Nevertheless, this does not negate the earlierconclusions that a diquaternary nature of the molecule provides better blocking action than does a monoquaternarynature (e.g., Ib is approximately fourfold lesspotent than dimethyl tubocurarine iodide). Further, (+)-isotubocurarine chloride (Ic) has twice the activity of Ib inthe particular test used.