Gemcitabine → 2'-Deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine 5'-ethylenediphosphonate

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Ethylenediphosphonic acid (173 mg, 0.91 mmol) was treated with oxalyl chloride (2 mL, as solvent) and anhydrous DMF (0.1 ml, cat.). After heating at reflux for 10 minutes under argon, a solution was obtained and after a further 3 h the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and evacuated in vacuo. The residue was co-evaporated with anhydrous acetonitrile (3×10 ml). The residue was dissolved in anhydrous trimethyl phosphate (2 mL), cooled to −15° C. and 2′deoxy-2′,2′-difluorocytidine (93 mg, 0.46 mmol) was added under argon. After stirring for 2 h the reaction mixture was quenched with ice-cold TEAB solution (1.0 M, 5 mL) and stirred for 30 minutes. Purification by HPLC gave 7.8 mg of the titled compound 81.

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