Ethanol → (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal

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The results presented in FIG. 2 show that in contrast to the control strain containing the shuttle vector alone (CP4[pZB 186]), the recombinant containing the added xylose isomerase, xylulokinase, transaldolase and transketolase genes demonstrated growth and ethanol production from xylose as a carbon source. The recombinant strain produces ethanol from glucose as efficiently as the control strain at 94% of theoretical yield. The recombinant strain additionally produces ethanol from xylose at 84% of theoretical yield in 79 hours. Furthermore, in the combined presence of glucose and xylose, the recombinant strain ferments both sugars simultaneously to ethanol at 88% of theoretical yield within 48 hours, thus providing the foundation for advanced process designs with cofermentation of mixed-sugar feedstocks.

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