N,N-Dimethylaniline → N,N-Dimethyl-4-nitroaniline

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C1N([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN1[N+:13]([O-:15])=[O:14].C(O[N+]([O-])=O)C(CO[N+]([O-])=O)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O.[CH3:37][N:38]([CH3:45])[C:39]1[CH:44]=[CH:43][CH:42]=[CH:41][CH:40]=1>C(#N)C>[CH3:37][N:38]([CH3:45])[C:39]1[CH:44]=[CH:43][C:42]([N+:13]([O-:15])=[O:14])=[CH:41][CH:40]=1

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Considering the electrophilic nature of the NOx species generated by the photofragmentation of RDX and PETN and their resemblance to the active electrophiles in aromatic nitration reactions, reactions between electron-rich tertiary aromatic amines and the photofragments of RDX and PETN were selected. It was found that photolysis (λ=313 nm) of a mixture of N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) and 2 equivalents of either RDX or PETN for 10 minutes in acetonitrile under anaerobic conditions afforded the formation of N,N-dimethyl-4-nitroaniline (DMNA) in 14% yield (GC yield). Higher yields of DMNA were obtained with longer photolysis times and DMNA was formed in ca. 80% yield after 1 hour. The photoreaction between DMA and either RDX or PETN under anaerobic conditions was observed to produce only a single, yellow-colored product (DMNA) and other side products were not evident by TLC or GC-MS analyses. The 1H-NMR, IR and high-resolution mass spectra of the isolated yellow product matched those obtained for an authentic commercial sample of DMNA. Conducting the photolysis under aerobic conditions resulted in partial demethylation of DMA and yielded a mixture of DMNA and its demethylated analog, N-methyl-4-nitroaniline (13) (see Scheme 1). Photolysis of DMA with ammonium nitrate was also found to produce DMNA, although relatively longer photolysis times (>30 minutes) were required and greater amounts of demethylated side products were observed (possibly due to the presence of water or other nucleophiles in the solutions).