Water → tert-Butyl 4-(3-aminophenyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate

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A mixture of tert-butyl 1-piperazinecarboxylate (4 g, 21.5 mmol) and 3-fluoronitrobenzene (2.3 ml, 21.5 mmol) in anhydrous NMP (5 ml) was heated to 120° C. for 3 days. After cooling water (25 ml) was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×10 ml). The organic extract was dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column-chromatography using successively petroleum ether and a mixture of ethyl acetate and petroleum ether (1:1 v/v) as the eluents. Yield of t-butyl 4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1-piperazinecarboxylate: 1.34 g (20%). This intermediate was quantitatively hydrogenated to 2g in ethanol at ambient pressure using Pd (5% on activated carbon) as the catalyst.

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