Cyanamide → Sodium Perborate

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Five hundred (500) ml of deionized water was added to a U.S. Testing, Inc. Terg-O-Tometer bath maintained at a temperature of 120° F and the hardness level of the water adjusted to 150 ppm as CaCO3 (Ca/Mg = 3/2 on a molar basis). The peroxide-based bleach (sodium perborate tetrahydrate) and metal cyanamide activator (crude calcium cyanamide) were then added to the wash water in the concentrations shown in Table I, and the water agitated to avoid localized concentrations of any one additive. The pH of the water in the bath was maintained in the general range of 10-11.5 throughout the test. Although sodium perborate and calcium cyanamide give alkaline solutions, a detergent was used to simulate home laundry conditions. In this example Tide containing 12.3 percent phosphorus (Tide, 12.3%P) was employed as the detergent. Finally, four swatches, measuring 4 × 4, of EMPA 115 cloth (a standard cotton bleach test cloth soiled with sulfur black dye) were introduced into the wash water and the agitator run for 10 minutes at 100 rpm. At the conclusion of the wash cycle, the swatches were removed and rinsed by squeezing under a tap. The test cloths were then dried and the reflectance values measured on a Gardner Reflectometer, Model UX-2, utilizing a G (green) filter. The change that occurred as a result of the bleach/wash cycle was reported as the change in percent reflectance value (ΔR), which equals the difference between the reflectance of the swatch after bleaching and the reflectance of the same swatch before bleaching. Thus the larger the ΔR value, the more effective the bleaching action.

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