Hydrochloric Acid → 1,1'-Bis(2-phosphonoethyl)-[4,4'-bipyridine]-1,1'-diium chloride

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Diethyl 2-bromoethylphosphonate (25 g) and 4,4' bipyridine (7.35 g) in 125 mLs of water are refluxed for three days. An equal volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid is added and reflux continued for several hours. The solution is concentrated to 120 mLs by atmospheric distillation and 550 mL of isopropanol are added dropwise with stirring while chilling the mixture in an ice bath. The solid which forms is collected by vacuum filtration and washed with cold isopropanol to yield 1,1'-bisphosphonoethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride. (1H NMR (D2O) 9.1(d), 8.5(d), 4.2(m), 2.0(m) ppm; 13C NMR(D2O) 151, 147, 128, 58, 30 ppm; 31P NMR(D2O) 17.8 (s) ppm; IR (KBr) 3112, 3014, 1640, 1555, 1506, 1443, 1358, 1281, 1175, 1112, 1020, 936, 816, 485 cm-1.)

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