Nitric Acid → 1-Nitroanthraquinone

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Reaction Steps

208 g of anthraquinone are stirred with 1,210 g of 99% strength nitric acid (molar ratio of nitric acid/anthraquinone = 19:1) for 26 minutes at 25°, resulting in a molar fraction of 0.87. To terminate the reaction, 566 g of 99% strength nitric acid are distilled off rapidly so that subsequently the molar fraction in the sump is 0.79. On adding 112 g of water, the temperature of the sump rises and on slow cooling the desired product separates out. (Molar fraction γHNO3 = 0.52). After centrifuging off at room temperature, rinsing with 75% strength nitric acid, washing until neutral and drying, 204 g of 89.4% strength 1-nitroanthraquinone are obtained (72% of theory).

Provenance & Evidence