Ammonia → Maleamic acid

Participants

Reaction Steps

Components (a) and (b) can also be reacted in a system in which a liquid phase exists in addition to one or more solid phases. This takes place, for example, by reacting gaseous amines or ammonia with molten maleic anhydride. This reaction is carried out in the range from about 50 to 100° C. In this case, component (b) is added at a rate such that the temperature does not rise above 100° C. Several solid products are formed in the reaction, such as maleamic acid, fumaramic acid or their ammonium salts. After completion of the reaction, the products are in the form of powdered solids, and no liquid phase then exists.

Provenance & Evidence