Ammonia → Benzamide

Participants

Reaction Conditions

Reaction Steps

To demonstrate the ability to conduct the amidation in an inert reaction medium 400 gms. benzoic acid was dissolved in 400 mls. mineral spirits with 2 gms. butylchlorotin dihydroxide. The solution was then heated with agitation to 165° C. while introducing ammonia below the surface ofthe liquid through a dispersion tube at a rate of 0.5 SCFH. As the reactionprogressed the amide product came out of solution. An acid value of 12 was achieved after only 7 hours reaction. At the completion of the reaction the insoluble amide product was recovered by filtration, washed and dried.Benzamide (melt point 133°-135° C.) obtained by this process is substantially free of undesirable nitrile by-product.

Provenance & Evidence