反应详情

2-(2′,4′-difluorophenyl)pyrazole (3.6 g, 20 mmol) and K3IrBr6 (6.3 g, 8 mmol) were added to a flask containing 90 ml 2-ethoxyethanol and 30 ml water. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux and stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere for 24 h. After cooling, the pale yellow precipitate was vacuum filtered and washed first with ethanol followed by heptanes. The product [2-(4′,6′-diflouorophenyl)pyrazole]2Ir2(μ-Br)2[2-(4′,6′-diflouorophenyl)pyrazole]2 was dried in vacuum oven (4.2 g, 81%). Step 2 To a 60 ml THF suspension of potassium t-butoxide (7.9 g, 59 mmol) and 2-acetylpyridine(7.1 g, 59 mmol) was added dropwise ethyl trifluoroacetate (10 g, 70 mmol) at 10° C., and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 h. After the PH value of the mixture had been adjusted to 6-7 with 10% H2SO4, the solution was extracted with Et2O. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4) and evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel with CH2Cl2 followed by recrystallization from ethanol to give 2-(3-oxo-4,4,4-trifluorobutanoyl)pyridine (10.2 g, 81%). Step 3 Hydrazine hydrate (1.44 g, 27.7 mmol) was added dropwise to 2-(3-oxo-4,4,4-trifluorobutanoyl)pyridine (5 g, 23 mmol) in 250 ml diethyl ether, and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3.5 h. Most of the solvent was evaporated and the mixture was extracted with water. The organic layer was dried (MgSO4) and evaporated to give 5-hydroxy-3-(pyridine-2-yl)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole (5.58 g, 78%). Step 4 Compound 5-hydroxy-3-(pyridine-2-yl)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole (5.58 g, 24 mmol) was boiled under reflux in 300 ml ethanol in the presence of conc. sulfuric acid (1.85 ml) for 30 min. The reaction mixture was then extracted with water. Evaporation and chromatography (ethyl acetate/heptanes 1:5) gave 3-(pyridine-2-yl)-5-trifluoromethylpyrazole (4.2 g, 85%). Step 5 [2-(4′,6′-difluorophenyl)pyrazole]2Ir2(μ-Br)2[2-(4′,6′-difluorophenyl)pyrazole]2 (0.15 g, 0.12 mmol), 3-(pyridine-2-yl)-5-trifluoromethylpyrazole (70 mg, 0.3 mmol) and 0.2 g of K2CO3 were refluxed under an nitrogen atmosphere in 2-ethoxyethanol for 18 h. After cooling to room temperature, water was added and a white precipitate was filtered and washed with water. The crude product was chromatographed on a silicon column with dichloromethane/methanol (9:1 v/v) as the mobile phase (110 mg, 60%).

1. customMost of the solvent was evaporated
2. extractionthe mixture was extracted with water
3. dry with materialThe organic layer was dried (MgSO4)
4. customevaporated