Nitric Acid → 4-Nitrotoluene

HRID 1906315Notes

Reaction equation

HRID 1906315 reaction equation
[N+:1]([O-:4])(O)=[O:2].[N+]([C:8]1[C:9]([N+]([O-])=O)=[C:10]([CH3:14])[CH:11]=[CH:12][CH:13]=1)([O-])=O>C1(C)C=CC=CC=1>[N+:1]([C:13]1[CH:12]=[CH:11][C:10]([CH3:14])=[CH:9][CH:8]=1)([O-:4])=[O:2]

Participants

4

Reactant 2

HCID 944Nitric AcidHCID 117612,3-Dinitrotoluene

Product 1

HCID 74734-Nitrotoluene

Reagents, catalysts & solvents 1

HCID 1140TolueneSolvent

Procedure

Commercial aromatic nitration processes are generally operated with the mixed acid system comprising sulfuric and nitric acids. A substantial amount of nitric acid is typically lost in an economically and environmentally unsound manner in the spent acid of nitration. For example, conventional dinitrotoluene processes comprise reacting toluene in a first nitration stage to form mononitrotoluene and separating the organic product from the aqueous spent acid phase. The nitric acid in the spent acid phase is usually removed or recovered so that the remaining sulfuric acid can be reconcentrated and recycled. The crude mononitrotoluenes are then nitrated with fresh nitrating acid in a second nitration stage. The dinitrotoluene product is then separated from the aqueous spent acid phase which is recycled to a nitration stage.

Sources & evidence

ORD record
ord-0506875ae4874e5f861c17e0d96b7b98
Source dataset
uspto-grants-1987_03
Patent number
US04650912

Reaction notes

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