Cyanoacetamide → 6-Methyl-2-oxo-5-propanoyl-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile

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Reaction Steps

A mixture containing 34 g of 2,4-hexanedione, 50 ml of dimethylformamide and 40 ml of dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal was allowed to stand at rooom temperature overnight and then concentrated on a rotary evaporator at steam bath temperature to yield, as a liquid, 3-dimethylaminomethylene-2,4-hexanedione. A mixture containing said 3-dimethylaminomethylene-2,4-hexanedione, 300 ml of methanol 25.2 g of cyanoacetamide and 16.2 g of sodium methoxide was refluxed with stirring for 3 hours and then concentrated in vacuo to remove the methanol. The residue was dissolved in 300 ml of warm water and filtered. The filtrate was acidified with acetic acid and the resulting precipitate was collected, washed with water, dried in vacuo at 90°-95° C. and recrystallized from dimethylformamide (75 ml) to yield 7.8 g of 1,2-dihydro-6-methyl-2-oxo-5-(n-propanoyl)-3-pyridinecarbonitrile, m.p. 265°-268° C. with decomposition. The mother liquor was concentrated to dryness and digested with hot methanol and cooled. The separated solid was dried, 20.2 g, and recrystallized from dimethylformamide to yield 9.8 g of finely crystalline material, m.p. 259°-263° C. with decomposition. The NMR spectral data for this compound indicated it to be mostly said 1,2-dihydro-6-methyl-2-oxo-5-(n-propanoyl)-3-pyridincarbonitrile. The resulting mother liquors were combined and concentrated on a rotary evaporator and the resulting residue was recrystallized from ethanol to yield 20.4 g of solid, m.p. 220°-226° C. The NMR spectral data for this solid indicated it to be a 5:4 mixture of said 1,2-dihydro-6-methyl-2-oxo-5-(n-propanoyl)-3-pyridinecarbonitrile and 5-acetyl-6-ethyl-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-3-pyridinecarbonitrile. Although preliminary attempts to separate the two compounds by fractional crystallization were unsuccessful, it is contemplated that the two compounds would be separable by other conventional separation techniques, e.g., chromatography.

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