Reaction Steps
To a stirred solution of 4-hydroxychroman (10.14 g, 67.5 mmol) in acetic acid (150 mL) under Ar was added acetic anhydride (12.7 mL, 135 mmol) and the mixture was heated at reflux for 3 h, then allowed to cool to ambient temperature. Palladium on carbon (10 wt %; 1.8 g, 2.5 mol %) was added and the mixture was shaken in a Parr hydrogenator under a 42 psi atmosphere of hydrogen overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered, the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was taken-up in ethyl acetate. The solution was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, brine, dried (magnesium sulfate) and concentrated in vacuo to afford the product (7.73 g, 85%) as a pale yellow liquid: IR vmax (film)/cm−1 2937, 2863, 1737, 1609, 1582, 1490, 1456, 1304, 1267, 1228, 1189, 1116, 1065, 1008 and 754; NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δH 2.00 (2H, m), 2.78 (2H, t, J 6.5 Hz), 4.17 (2H, t, J 7 Hz), 6.81 (2H, m) and 7.05 (2H, m). Chroman-6-carboxaldehyde and chroman-8-carboxaldehyde A mixture of chroman-6-carboxaldehyde and chroman-8-carboxaldehyde was prepared according to the method described in Example 3, using chroman (7.70 g, 57.4 mmol) to produce a mixture [6-CHO:8-CHO (1:1)] of aldehyde products (8.98 g, 96%) as a pale orange liquid which was used without further purification. Methyl 2-azido-3-(2,3-dihydro-4H-benzopyran-6-yl)propenate and methyl 2-azido-3-(2,3-dihydro-4H-benzopyran-8-yl)propenate Methyl 2-azido-3-(2,3-dihydro-4H-benzopyran-6-yl)propenate and methyl 2-azido-3-(2,3-dihydro-4H-benzopyran-8-yl)propenate were prepared according to the method described in Example 3, using a mixture (1:1) of chroman-6-carboxaldehyde and chroman-8-carboxaldehyde (8.95 g, 55.2 mmol) to produce after purification by flash column chromatography [SiO2; dichloromethane-heptane (1:1)] a mixture [6-substituted:8-substituted (3:1)] of products (5.15 g, 36%) as a pale yellow solid which was used without further purification. Methyl 7,8-dihydro-9H-pyrano[2,3-g]indole-2-carboxylate, methyl 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrano[3,2-f]indole-2-carboxylate and methyl 5,6-dihydro-7H-pyrano[2,3-e]indole-2-carboxylate Methyl 7,8-dihydro-9H-pyrano[2,3-g]indole-2-carboxylate, methyl 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrano[3,2-f]indole-2-carboxylate and methyl 5,6-dihydro-7H-pyrano[2,3-e]indole-2-carboxylate were prepared according to the method described in Example 3, using a mixture (3:1) of methyl 2-azido-3-(2,3-dihydro-4H-benzopyran-6-yl)propenate and methyl 2-azido-3-(2,3-dihydro-4H-benzofuran-8-yl)propenate (5.1 g, 19.7 mmol) to produce a mixture [(2,3-g):(3,2-f)(2,3-e)−10:2:5] of products (4.33 g, 94%) as a yellow solid which was used without further purification. 7,8-Dihydro-9H-pyrano[2,3-g]indole-2-carboxylic acid, 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrano[3,2-f]indole-2-carboxylic acid and 5,6-dihydro-7H-pyrano[2,3-e]indole-2-carboxylic acid 7,8-Dihydro-9H-pyrano[2,3-g]indole-2-carboxylic acid, 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrano[3,2-f]indole-2-carboxylic acid and 5,6-dihydro-7H-pyrano[2,3-e]indole-2-carboxylic acid were prepared according to the method described in Example 3, using a mixture (10:5:2) of methyl 7,8-dihydro-9H-pyrano[2,3-g]indol-2-carboxylate, methyl 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrano[3,2-f]indole-2-carboxylate and methyl 5,6-dihydro-7H-pyrano[2,3-e]indole-2-carboxylate (4.33 g, 18.7 mmol) to produce, after trituration with isopropyl ether, a mixture [(2,3-g):(3,2-f):(2,3-e)−7:1:2] of products (2.30 g, 57%) as a white solid. The filtrate was evaporated and purified by flash column chromatography [SiO2; ethyl acetate-heptane (2:1)+0.5% acetic acid] to afford an oil which solidified upon treatment with isopropyl ether-heptane to afford a mixture [(2,3-g):(3,2-f):(2,3-e)−44:22:34] of products (818 mg, 20%) as a white solid. The products were combined and used without further purification. 7,8-Dihydro-9H-pyrano[2,3-g]indole, 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrano[3,2-g]indole and 5,6-dihydro-7H-pyrano[2,3-e]indole 7,8-Dihydro-9H-pyrano[2,3-g]indole, 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrano[3,2-g]indole and 5,6-dihydro-7H-pyrano[2,3-e]indole were prepared according to the procedure described in Example 3, using a mixture [(2,3-g):(3,2-f):(2,3-e)−11:1:4] of 7,8-dihydro-9H-pyrano[2,3-g]indole-2-carboxylic acid, 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrano[3,2-f]indole-2-carboxylic acid and 5,6-dihydro-7H-pyrano[2,3-e]indole-2-carboxylic acid (3.12 g, 14.4 mmol) to produce, after flash column chromatography (and without further separation on a second column) a mixture [(2,3-g):(2,3-e)−72:28] of products (2.01 g, 80%) as a white, crystalline solid [Rf 0.46 (SiO2; dichloromethane)] which was used without further purification. Also collected was 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrano[3,2-f]indole (250 mg, 10%) as an off-white solid [Rf 0.33 (SiO2; dichloromethane)]. (S)-1-[2-(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino)propyl]-7,8-dihydro-9H-pyrano[2,3-g]indole (S)-1-[2-(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino)propyl]-7.8-dihydro-9H-pyrano[2,3-g]indole was prepared according to the method described in Example 3, using a mixture [(2,3-g):(2,3-e)−7:3] of 7,8-dihydro-9H-pyrano[2,3-g]indole and 5,6-dihydro-7H-pyrano[2,3-e]indole (1.34 g, 7.7 mmol) to produce, after purification by flash column chromatography [SiO2; ethyl acetate-heptane (1:4)], the product (890 mg, 35%) as a white solid: IR vmax (Nujol)/cm−1 3352, 2925, 2855, 1687, 1611, 1528, 1458, 1424, 1367, 1358, 1247, 1167, 1054, 961, 704 and 632; NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δH 1.03 (3H, d, J 7 Hz), 1.36 (9H, s), 3.10 (1H, m), 3.18 (1H, m), 3.94 (1H, sept, J 7 Hz), 4.12 (1H, m), 4.15 (2H, dd, J 4.5, 6 Hz), 4.46 (1H, m), 6.35 (1H, d, J 3 Hz), 6.63 (1H, d, J 8.5 Hz), 6.82 (1H, d, J 3 Hz) and 7.27 (1H, d, J 8.5 Hz). (S)-1-[2-(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino)propyl]-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-9H-pyrano[2,3-g]indole (S)-1-[2-(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino)propyl]-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-9H-pyrano[2,3-g]indole was prepared according to the procedure described in Example 3, using (S)-1-[2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)propyl]-7,8-dihydro-9H-pyrano[2,3-g]indole (870 mg, 2.63 mmol) with the following modification. After the basification step, the mixture was extracted with chloroform, washed with brine, dried (magnesium sulfate) and concentrated in vacuo to afford the product (860 mg, 98%) as a white solid: mp. 137–140° C.; Found: C, 68.71; H, 8.49; N, 8.39%. C19H28N2O3 requires: C, 68.65; H, 8.49; N, 8.42%. (S)-1-(2,3,7,8-Tetrahydro-9H-pyrano[2,3-g]indol-1-yl)-2-propylamine fumarate (S)-1-(2,3,7,8-Tetrahydro-9H-pyrano[2,3-g]indol-1-yl)-2-propylamine fumarate was prepared according to the method described in Example 3, using (S)-1-[2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)propyl]-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-9H-pyrano[2,3-g]indole (820 mg, 2.47 mmol) with the following modification. After evaporation of the methanol, the residue was partitioned between ether and aqueous sodium hydroxide (2N), the aqueous phase was extracted with ether, dried (magnesium sulfate) and concentrated in vacuo to afford the free amine as a pale yellow oil (572 mg, 100%). The fumarate was formed according to the procedure described in Example 3, giving the product (728 mg, 79%) as a white solid: mp. 168–169° C.; Found: C, 62.02; H, 7.14; N, 8.02%. C14H20N2O.C4H4O4 requires: C, 62.05; H, 6.94; N, 8.04%.
