Benzene → Nitrobenzene

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Reaction Steps

The most common reagent used in conventional methods for preparing nitrobenzene is nitric acid or a mixed acid, typically, a mixed solution of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid, oleum or fuming sulfuric acid. The process generally includes initially forming a nitronium ion, NO2+ by the reaction of nitric acid with concentrated sulfuric acid, as follows: HNO3+2H2SO4→NO2++H3O++2HSO4− The nitronium ion then reacts with benzene to form nitrobenzene, according to the following reaction:

Provenance & Evidence