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0 °C

1-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid (unknown amount) was dissolved in 20 ml ethanol and cooled to 0° C. HCl gas was bubbled into the solution until the solution became red in color. The reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and stir overnight. The solvent was removed to yield ethyl 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (M+1=251.93).

1. customHCl gas was bubbled into the solution until the solution
2. temperatureto warm to room temperature
3. customThe solvent was removed