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4-[3-(Biphenyl-2-yloxy)-propyl]-morpholine (t, 500 mg, 1.46 mmol) was dissolved in 3 mL acetic acid and the reaction mixture was cooled in an ice bath. Concentrated nitric acid (3 mL) was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at 0° C., then at room temperature for one hour. The reaction was subsequently poured into 100 mL water and the pH of the reaction mixture was raised to >7 with 2N NaOH. The aqueous solution was extracted with ethyl acetate and dried. The solvent was then removed to afford 500 mg 4-[3-(5-nitro-biphenyl-2-yloxy)-propyl]-morpholine (u) which was used without further purification: m/e: 342.15, MS (ES+): 343.1; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): 8.2-6.8 (m, 9H), 4.1(m, 2H), 3.7 (m, 4H), 2.5 (m, 6H) and 1.8 (m, 2H).

1. temperaturethe reaction mixture was cooled in an ice bath
2. waitat room temperature for one hour
3. extractionThe aqueous solution was extracted with ethyl acetate
4. customdried
5. customThe solvent was then removed