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过氧化钠
過氧化鈉 · 超氧化钠 · 二氧化钠 · 过氧化钠 · 双氧化钠 · 过氧化碱 · GYHN · 过氧化曹达
标识与物理属性
| CAS No. | 1313-60-6 |
|---|---|
| 分子式 | Na2O2 |
| 平均分子量 | 77.978 g/mol |
| 单同位素质量 | 77.9693678 g/mol |
| SMILES | [Na+].[Na+].[O-][O-] |
| InChIKey | PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 14803 |
| EC No. | 215-209-4 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID0061660 |
| 中文名 | 过氧化钠 |
化学与物理性质
| 极性表面积 | 46.1 |
|---|---|
| 氢键供体 | 0 |
| 氢键受体 | 2 |
| 可旋转键 | 0 |
| 重原子 | 4 |
| 形式电荷 | 0 |
| 复杂度 | 4 |
| 物质类别 | Metals -> Peroxides, MetalReactive agents - 1st degree |
| 密度 | 2.805 @ 20 °C2.8 g/cm³2.805 @25 °C |
| Color/Form | Yellowish-white, granular powderWHITE POWDER TURNING YELLOW ON EXPOSURE TO ATMOSPHEREYellowish-white powder turns yellow when heatedPale yellow solid |
| 溶解性 | SOLUBLE IN ACIDINSOLUBLE IN ALKALIFreely sol in water, forming sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide, the latter quickly decomp into oxygen and waterSolubility in water: reactionSoluble in acid. Insoluble in alkali.Soluble in water, forming NaOH and H{2}O{2}. Soluble in acid. Insoluble in alkali. |
| 沸点 | 657 °C, decomp657°C |
| Decomposition | 460 °C |
| 熔点 | 460 °C, decomp675 °C460 °C (dec.)(lit.) |
| Physical Description | Sodium peroxide appears as a yellow-white to yellow granular solid. Mixtures with combustible material are readily ignited by friction, heat, or contact with moisture. May vigorously decompose under prolonged exposure to heat, causing the rupture of the containers.White to pale-yellow granules[CHEMINFO MSDS]YELLOW-TO-WHITE POWDER. |
| Stability/Shelf Life | ABSORBS WATER & CARBON DIOXIDE FROM AIR. |
| Other Experimental Properties | Reacts with waterActive oxygen content approx 20% by weightevolves heat when dissolved in cold waterStrong oxidizing agentWith dilute acids hydrogen peroxide is formed which remains stableFor more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for SODIUM PEROXIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 堆积密度 | 1138kg/m3 |
| 蒸气压 | 0.001Pa at 20℃ |
| 闪点 | 657°C |
| 储存条件 | Store at +15°C to +25°C. |
| 形态 | beads (small) |
| 颜色 | Yellow |
| 比重 | 2.805 |
| 气味 | Odorless |
| pH | 12.8 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| 酸碱指示剂变色ph值范围 | 12.8 |
| 比热容 | Cp(crystal): 1.14 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| 敏感性 | Air Sensitive & Hygroscopic |
| Merck | 14,8655 |
| 介电常数 | 2.7(Ambient) |
| 稳定性 | Reacts violently with water. Contact with combustible materials may cause fire or explosion. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alcohols, organic materials, acids, powdered metals. Absorbs carbon dioxide from the air. |
| InChI | 1S/2Na.O2/c1-2/q2*+1 |
| InChIKey | PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | [Na+].[Na+].[O-][O-] |
| CAS 数据库 | 1313-60-6(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| EPA化学物质信息 | Sodium peroxide (1313-60-6) |
化学性质
黄白色粉末。 溶于稀酸，不溶于碱。
安全与法规
| GHS 分类 | DangerH271: May cause fire or explosionstrong Oxidizer [Danger Oxidizing liquidsOxidizing solids]P210, P220, P260, P264, P280, P283, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P306+P360, P316, P321, P363, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P405, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)H271 (100%): May cause fire or explosionP210, P220, P260, P264, P264+P265, P280, P283, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P306+P360, P316, P317, P321, P363, P370+P378, P371+P380+P375, P405, P420, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) |
|---|---|
| 法规信息 | Chemical: Sodium peroxide (Na2(O2))Status: Active Update: 30-03-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/23936Sodium peroxide: HSNO Approval: HSR001355 Approved with controlsThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| 其他安全信息 | IMAP assessments - Sodium peroxide (Na2(O2)): Environment tier I assessment |
| 运输标签（DOT） | Oxidizer |
| 火灾危害 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 144 [Oxidizers (Water-Reactive)]:· May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).Not combustible but enhances combustion of other substances. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with combustible substances. |
| 火灾可能性 | MIXTURES OF SODIUM PEROXIDE & COMBUSTIBLE, ORGANIC OR READILY OXIDIZABLE SUBSTANCES...IGNITE EASILY BY FRICTION OR ON CONTACT WITH A SMALL AMT OF WATER.A mixture of sodium peroxide and aluminum powder reacts with incandescence. ... When the mixture is exposed to moist air, spontaneous ignition occurs.When the mixture /of sodium peroxide and magnesium powder/ is exposed to moist air, spontaneous combustion occurs.Sodium peroxide oxidizes antimony, arsenic, copper, potassium, tin, and zinc to incandescence.Sodium peroxide...is spontaneously flammable with aniline, benzene, organic matter such as paper and wood, and diethyl ether. Mixtures with charcoal, glycerine, certain oils, and phosphorus burn... When a mixture of sodium peroxide and calcium carbide (powdered) is exposed to damp air, spontaneous combustion occurs. ... Sodium peroxide will ignite...organic cmpd, eg, hexamethylenetetramine when the mixture is moistened.A mixture of sodium peroxide, silver chloride, and charcoal ignites spontaneously. |
| 健康危害 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 144 [Oxidizers (Water-Reactive)]:· TOXICinhalation or contact with vapor, substance, or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. |
| 危害概述 | Hazardous decomposition products include oxygen (increased fire hazard) and toxic oxides of sodiumCorrosive to skin, eyes, and upper respiratory tract[CHEMINFO MSDS] CorrosiveInhalation of high concentration can cause chemical pneumonitis[MSDSonline] |
| 运输编号与指南（DOT） | 1504 144 |
| 反应性基团 | Bases, Strong |
| 欧共体分类 | Symbol: O, CR: 8-35S: (1/2)-8-27-39-45 |
| 联合国分类 | UN Hazard Class: 5.1UN Pack Group: I |
| Reactivity Alerts | Explosive |
| 消防 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 144 [Oxidizers (Water-Reactive)]:NO water. Use dry powder. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water. |
| 急救措施 | Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.First rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, then remove contaminated clothes and rinse again. Refer for medical attention .First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention . |
| 泄漏应急措施 | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. |
| 急救 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 144 [Oxidizers (Water-Reactive)]:General First Aid: |
| 安全储存 | Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Separated from combustible substances, reducing agents, acids and powdered metals. Dry. |
| 暴露控制与个人防护 | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). |
| 灭火程序 | If material on fire or involved in fire: use dry chemical, graphite, or dry earth. Use water only if flooding quantities are available. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable - consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius.In case of fire, water should be applied by the sprinkler system or by hose from a safe distance, preferably with a fog nozzle. Foam may be necessary instead if the peroxide is diluted in a low density flammable solvent. Portable extinguishers should not be used except for very small fires. Peroxides threatened by fire should be wetted from a safe distance for cooling. /Peroxides, Organic and Inorganic/ |
| 储存条件 | KEEP TIGHTLY CLOSED & PROTECTED FROM CONTACT WITH ORGANIC OR OXIDIZABLE SUBSTANCES....SHOULD...BE STORED IN FIRE-RESISTING BUILDINGS, & SEPARATED FROM FLAMMABLE MATERIALS.PROTECT AGAINST PHYSICAL DAMAGE & MOISTURE. SEPARATE FROM COMBUSTIBLE, ORGANIC OR OTHER READILY OXIDIZABLE MATERIALS. DO NOT STORE IN AREAS SUBJECT TO MOISTURE. IMMEDIATELY REMOVE & DISPOSE OF ANY SPILLED PEROXIDE. |
| 清理方法 | Dilute and drain into the sewer with abundant water. /Hydrogen peroxide/ |
| 非火灾泄漏应对 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 144 [Oxidizers (Water-Reactive)]: |
| 处置方法 | SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. |
| 泄漏处置 | Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. |
| 不良影响 | Dermatotoxin - Skin burns. |
| 暴露途径 | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion. |
| Signs and Symptoms | Burning sensation. Cough. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Sore throat.Redness. Serious skin burns. Pain.Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Severe deep burns.Sore throat. Abdominal pain. Nausea. Shock or collapse. Burning sensation. |
| ICSC Environmental Data | The substance is harmful to aquatic organisms. |
| Human Toxicity Excerpts | ...MAY CAUSE CHEMICAL BURNS OF SKIN & MUCOUS MEMBRANES, ALTHOUGH BURNS CAUSED BY HYDROGEN PEROXIDE ARE LESS SERIOUS THAN THOSE CAUSED BY SODIUM PEROXIDE.NO PRIMARY SYSTEMIC EFFECTS WHEN INGESTED BECAUSE IT IS DECOMPOSED IN /SRP: GI TRACT/ BEFORE ABSORPTION. DECOMPOSITION MAY RELEASE LARGE VOL OF OXYGEN... LARGE DOSES PRESUMABLY PRODUCE GASTRITIS & ESOPHAGITIS.IRRITANT AND CORROSIVEAcute exposures to sodium peroxide via inhalation may cause respiratory irritation and difficulty in breathing.For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM PEROXIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts | /AN AEROSOL/...OF NA2O2 WITH SOME NAO.../WAS USED/ TO REPRESENT PRODUCT OF AN ACCIDENTAL SODIUM METAL FIRE IN A NUCLEAR REACTOR. JUVENILE & ADULT RATS EXPOSED...2 HR TO VARIOUS DILUTIONS OF AEROSOL.../SHOWED NECROSIS OF LARYNX SURFACE/. FINAL PARTICLE SIZE...2.5 UM OR LESS...PREDOMINATELY SODIUM CARBONATE WITH SOME NAOH.DUE TO INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT OF SODIUM COOLED BREEDER REACTORS, THE CONSEQUENCES OF SODIUM PEROXIDE AEROSOLS ON LETTUCE & TOMATOES WERE STUDIED. NECROSIS WAS REPORTED WHEN DEPOSITS IN SODIUM EQUIV WERE APPROX 300 MG/CU M. LEAVES WERE DESTROYED IF NECROSIS WAS EXTENSIVE. |
| Populations at Special Risk | Individuals with eye, skin, and chronic respiratory diseases /may be/ at an increased risk. /Hydrogen peroxide/ |
| Probable Routes of Human Exposure | IT MAY...BE ENCOUNTERED IN THE AEROSOL FROM SODIUM FIRES. |
| Antidote and Emergency Treatment | Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Oxidizers/Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in, respiratory arrest. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Oxidizers/Peroxides should be washed promptly from the skin to prevent irritation. In the case of eye contact, the eyes should be flushed immediately with large amounts of water, and medical attention should be obtained. ... Medical attention should also be obtained in case of accidental ingestion. ... /Peroxides, Organic and Inorganic/ |
| F | 3-9-23 |
| 水危害等级（WGK） | 1 |
| TSCA 清单状态 | TSCA listed |
| RTECS 号 | WD3450000 |
| 包装类别 | I |
| 危险类别 | 5.1Ox. Sol. 1Skin Corr. 1A |
| 储存类别 | 5.1A - Strongly oxidizing hazardous materials |
| 安全说明（S） | 8-27-39-45 |
| 海关编码 | 2815 30 00 |
| 危险品标志 | O,C |
| 危险类别码（R） | 8-35 |
| 毒害物质数据 | 1313-60-6(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| 运输编号（UN） | UN 1504 |
毒性
对皮肤和黏膜有强侵蚀性，溅入眼睛中会引起视力下降，甚至失明。如不慎溅人眼睛，应立刻用水冲洗15 min，然后送人医院治疗。如果溅到皮肤上，也应迅速用大量水冲洗，并用硼酸水中和。工作人员操作时应穿戴劳保防护用具。
爆炸物危险特性
遇水产生氧气及大量热量, 量大可爆炸
可燃性危险特性
遇水分解苛性钠与氧气; 遇有机物、还原剂、硫、磷等易燃物可燃; 燃烧产生有毒氧化钠烟雾
储运特性
库房干燥; 轻装轻卸; 与有机物、还原剂、硫磷易燃物分开存放
灭火剂
干砂、干土、干石粉
用途与应用
用途
可用作制造过氧化氢、金属过氧化物、过硼酸盐的原料，也可作为强氧化剂、漂白剂、消毒剂和防腐剂
用途
用作普通分析试剂及氧化剂
用途
主要用途是作生氧剂，广泛用于煤矿、化工、潜水、救护、高山测绘、高空飞行等需要供氧的场合，以及闭密系统内空气再生药剂的成分。
用途
广泛用作强氧化剂、漂白剂、去臭剂、消毒剂和防腐剂。化学工业中用于制备其他过氧化物等。
用途
其水溶液可脱色漂白,氧化剂,防腐剂,杀菌剂,除臭剂，微量分析。 化学工业中作为制造过氧化氢、金属过氧化物、过硼酸盐的原料，也可用作强氧化剂、漂白剂、消毒剂和防腐剂。
制备与合成方法
生产方法
金属钠氧化法将熔融金属钠预热至180℃以上，向氧化炉中喷人压力为39.2～44.1 Pa的高速压缩空气流，在300～350℃使钠氧化燃烧，生成的过氧化钠经自由沉降逐渐冷却至100℃以下，得到过氧化钠成品。其4Na+O2→2Na2O2Na2O+O2→2Na2O2
生产方法
超氧化钠原粉与氧化钙按比例(93.5：6.5)经粉碎混合后，再经过压板、粉碎、过筛，得到一定大小和强度的颗粒。