基本信息
- 标准SMILES
O=S(=O)([O-])[O-].[K+].[K+]- InChIKey
OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L- 分子式
- K2SO4
- 平均分子量
- 174.26 g/mol
- 单同位素质量
- 173.87914284
概述
Potassium sulfate is an inorganic potassium salt and a potassium salt.
名称与标识
- 首选名称
- Potassium Sulfate
- IUPAC
- dipotassium;sulfate
- 中文名
- 硫酸钾
- 英文名
- Potassium sulfate
- 分子式
- K2O4S
- 分子量
- 174.2592
名称与别名
展开更多名称
数据库标识
- CAS
7778-80-5、10233-01-9- PubChem CID
- 24507
- DTXSID
DTXSID6029701- ChEMBL
CHEMBL2021424- ChEBI
CHEBI:32036- UNII
- 1K573LC5TV
- EC Number
- 231-915-5
- Nikkaji
- J43.949E
性质
结构计算性质
- 极性表面积
- 88.6 Ų
- 氢键供体
- 0
- 氢键受体
- 4
- 可旋转键
- 0
- 重原子
- 7
- 形式电荷
- 0
- 复杂度
- 62.2
实验与物化性质
pH
Between 5,5 and 8,5 (5 % solution)
AQ SOLN IS NEUTRAL; PH ABOUT 7
Density
2.66
2.66 g/cm³
2.66 @25 °C
Color/Form
COLORLESS OR WHITE CRYSTALS, OR WHITE GRANULES OR POWDER
COLORLESS, RHOMBIC OR HEXAGONAL CRYSTALS
Solubility
Freely soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol
ITS SOLUBILITY IN WATER IS DECR BY KCL OR (NH4)2SO4
1 G DISSOLVES IN: 8.3 ML WATER, 4 ML BOILING WATER, 75 ML GLYCEROL; PRACTICALLY INSOL IN SATURATED SOLN OF AMMONIUM SULFATE; INSOL IN ALC
INSOL IN ACETATE, CARBON DISULFIDE
Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25 °C: 12
Human Drugs
FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient
FDA approved drugs -> Active ingredient
Boiling Point
1689 °C
1689 °C
1689 °C @760 [mm Hg]
物理化学性质
- 熔点
- 1067 °C · 1067°C
- 沸点
- 1689 °C · 1689°C
- 堆积密度
- 800 kg/m3 · 800kg/m3
- 密度
- 2.66 · 2.66
- 闪点
- 1689 °C · 1689°C
- 储存条件
- Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
- 溶解度
- 2 O: · H2O: 0.5 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
- 形态
- Very Fine Crystals or Powder
- 颜色
- White
- 比重
- 2.662 · 2.662
- 气味 (Odor)
- Odorless
- 酸碱指示剂变色ph值范围
- 7 · ~7
- PH值
- 5.5 · 5.5-7.5 (25℃, 0.5M in H2O)
- 生物来源
- synthetic
- 水溶解性
- 110 g/L · 110 g/L (20 ºC)
- 比热容
- 0.75 J/ · Cp(crystal): 0.75 J/(g·K), at 25℃
- 最大波长(λmax)
- 260 nm · λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.01λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01
- Merck
- 14 · 14,7674
- 晶系
- Nogata
- 空间群
- Pnma
- 晶格常数
- 30.7456 · a/nmb/nmc/nmα/oβ/oγ/oV/nm30.74560.57761.008909090
- 介电常数
- 5.9 · 5.9(0.0℃)
- 稳定性
- Stable.
- 化妆品成分功效
- VISCOSITY CONTROLLING
- InChI
- 1S/2K.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2
- InChIKey
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L
- SMILES
- [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O
- CAS 数据库
- 7778 · 7778-80-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
- NIST化学物质信息
- Potassium sulfate(7778-80-5)
- EPA化学物质信息
- Potassium sulfate (7778-80-5)
化学性质
无色或白色六方形或斜方晶系结晶或颗粒状粉末。具有苦咸味。 溶于水,不溶于醇、丙酮和二硫化碳。
安全与法规
GHS分类
GHS Classification
This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 89% (517 of 581) of all reports.
Danger
H318 (10.2%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation]
P264+P265, P280, P305+P354+P338, and P317 (click each P-code to see the statement)
Aggregated GHS information provided per 581 reports by companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.
危害信息
Regulatory Information
Chemical: Sulfuric acid, dipotassium salt
Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 (amended)
Sulfuric acid potassium salt (1:2) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Sulfuric acid potassium salt (1:2) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)
Status: Active Update: 01-02-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15527
Dipotassium sulphate: Non hazardous
State Drinking Water Standards
(AL) ALABAMA 500,000 ug/l /Sulfate ion/
(UT) UTAH 1,000,000 ug/l /Sulfate ion/
State Drinking Water Guidelines
(CA) CALIFORNIA 250 ug/l (Recommended); 500 ug/l (Upper); Short-term 600 ug/l /Sulfate ion/
(UT) UTAH 500,000 ug/l /Sulfate ion/
安全与防护
First Aid Measures
Fresh air, rest.
Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.
First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.
Give one or two glasses of water to drink.
Protective Action Criteria (PAC)
30 [mg/m3]
220 [mg/m3]
1300 [mg/m3]
毒理信息
Signs and Symptoms
Cough. Sore throat.
Redness.
Redness. Pain.
Abdominal pain. Diarrhoea. Nausea. Vomiting.
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts
CATTLE WHICH BROKE INTO FIELD WHICH HAD BEEN TREATED WITH POTASSIUM SULFATE DIED WITHIN 2 DAYS, SHOWING SYMPTOMS OF PROSTRATION, PARESIS, HYPOTHERMIA, CESSATION OF RUMINATION & CONSTIPATION. ONLY LESION SEEN @ POST MORTEM WAS CONGESTION OF MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF ABOMASUM & INTESTINES...
法规信息
State Drinking Water Standards
(AL) ALABAMA 500,000 ug/l /Sulfate ion/
(UT) UTAH 1,000,000 ug/l /Sulfate ion/
State Drinking Water Guidelines
(CA) CALIFORNIA 250 ug/l (Recommended); 500 ug/l (Upper); Short-term 600 ug/l /Sulfate ion/
(UT) UTAH 500,000 ug/l /Sulfate ion/
安全数据
- wgk
- 1
- tsca
- TSCA listed
- 毒性
- LD50 orally in Rabbit: 6600 mg/kg
- RTECS号
- TT5900000
- 存储类别
- 13 - Non Combustible Solids
- 安全说明
- 22-24/25
- 海关编码
- 31043000
- 毒害物质数据
- 7778-80-5(Hazardous Substances Data)
毒性防护
毒性ADI不作特殊规定(FAO/WHO,2001。)GRAS(FDA,§184.1643,2000)。LD50 6600mg/kg(大鼠,经口)。
化学与工业
药理信息
Mechanism of Action
Potassium is the major cation (positive ion) inside animal cells, while sodium is the major cation outside animal cells. The concentration differences of these charged particles causes a difference in electric potential between the inside and outside of cells, known as the membrane potential. The balance between potassium and sodium is maintained by ion pumps in the cell membrane. The cell membrane potential created by potassium and sodium ions allows the cell generate an action potential—a "spike" of electrical discharge. The ability of cells to produce electrical discharge is critical for body functions such as neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and heart function. Potassium is also an essential mineral needed to regulate water balance, blood pressure and levels of acidity.
FDA Pharmacological Classification
KALI SULPHURICUM
Increased Large Intestinal Motility [PE]; Potassium Salt [EPC]; Potassium Compounds [CS]; Osmotic Laxative [EPC]; Inhibition Large Intestine Fluid/Electrolyte Absorption [PE]; Osmotic Activity [MoA]
POTASSIUM SULFATE
Inhibition Large Intestine Fluid/Electrolyte Absorption [PE]; Osmotic Activity [MoA]; Potassium Compounds [CS]; Osmotic Laxative [EPC]; Increased Large Intestinal Motility [PE]; Potassium Salt [EPC]
KALI SULPH
Inhibition Large Intestine Fluid/Electrolyte Absorption [PE]; Osmotic Activity [MoA]; Increased Large Intestinal Motility [PE]; Potassium Salt [EPC]; Potassium Compounds [CS]; Osmotic Laxative [EPC]
用途与制造
Uses
Used in gypsum cements, to make alum and glass, as a food additive, in fertilizers, as an accelerator in wallboard, as an expansion control agent for dental materials, as a medical and veterinary cathartic, and as a veterinary sulfate source; [HSDB]
Cement Producing [Category: Industry]
REAGENT IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; MEDICINE; GYPSUM CEMENTS; ALUM MFR; FOOD ADDITIVE
(VET): CATHARTIC, SULFATE SOURCE
FERTILIZER FOR CHLORIDE-SENSITIVE CROPS (EG, TOBACCO); ACCELERATOR IN WALLBOARD (CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY); AGENT IN MFR OF GLASS; CATHARTIC IN HUMAN MEDICINE; WATER-CORRECTIVE AGENT FOR FOODS (EG, BREWERY WATER); SETTING-EXPANSION CONTROL AGENT FOR DENTAL MATERIALS
U.S. Exports
(1978) 2.30X10+10 GRAMS
(1979) 2.24X10+10 GRAMS
(1985) 5.53x10+10 g
U.S. Imports
(1977) 6.90X10+10 GRAMS
(1979) 2.02X10+10 GRAMS
(1985) 4.88X10+10 g
U.S. Production
2023: 100,000,000 - <250,000,000 lb
(1977) 4.64X10+10 GRAMS (CONSUMPTION)
(1979) 4.11X10+10 GRAMS (CONSUMPTION)
(1985) 2.10X10+11 g
Consumption Patterns
Agriculture, 63%; exports, 36%; other, 1% (1984)
CHEMICAL PROFILE: Potassium Sulfates. Fertilizer (mainly for non-grain or specialty crops), 56%; exports, 41%; other, 3%. /Potassium sulfates/
CHEMICAL PROFILE: Potassium sulfates. Demand: 1987: 227,600 tons K2O; 1988: 235,000 tons K2O; 1992 /projected/: 280,000 tons K2O. (Does not include imports, which totaled 30,000 tons K2O in 1987.) /Potassium sulfates/
Methods of Manufacturing
REACTION OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE WITH LANGBEINITE ORE, SCHOENITE OBTAINED FROM KAINITE ORE, OR SODIUM SULFATE (GLASERITE IS AN ISOLATED INTERMEDIATE); REACTION OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE WITH SULFURIC ACID OR SULFUR DIOXIDE, WATER AND OXYGEN; RECOVERY FROM SUGAR WASTES
(A) BY TREATMENT OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE EITHER WITH SULFURIC ACID OR WITH SULFUR DIOXIDE, AIR, & WATER (HARGREAVES PROCESS). (B) BY FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION OF NATURAL SULFATE ORE; (C) FROM SALT LAKE BRINES.
THE POTASSIUM SALT OF SULFURIC ACID. ...FIRST POTASH SALT PRODUCED COMMERCIALLY IN US FROM ANYTHING OTHER THAN WOOD ASHES. IT WAS PRODUCED FROM ALUNITE. SULFATE HAS ALSO BEEN MADE FROM CEMENT MILL DUST, LANGBEINITE, & FROM MURIATE BY TREATMENT WITH SODIUM OR MAGNESIUM SULFATE OR WITH SULFURIC ACID.
Formulations/Preparations
GRADES: HIGHEST PURITY MEDICINAL; COMMERCIAL; CRUDE; CP; AGRICULTURAL
Commercial potassium sulfate contains not less than 48% soluble potash (K2O) chiefly as sulfate, and not more than 2.5% chlorine
Use Classification
EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Processing Aids and Additives
Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern
Food additives
Food Additives -> FLAVOUR_ENHANCER; SALT_SUBSTITUTE -> JECFA Functional Classes
Cosmetics -> Viscosity controlling; Bulking
General Manufacturing Information
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Sulfuric acid potassium salt (1:2): ACTIVE
Sulfuric acid, potassium salt (1:?): ACTIVE
TECHNICAL GRADES ARE USED IN FERTILIZERS FOR MFR OF POTASSIUM ALUM, POTASSIUM CARBONATE & GLASS; THE REAGENT GRADE IS USED IN THE KJELDAHL DETERMINATION OF NITROGEN.
VET: RARE, AS LAXATIVE, AS IT IS MORE IRRITANT THAN SODIUM OR MAGNESIUM SULFATES. OCCASIONALLY USED IN WATER SOL TRACE MINERAL MIXES AS SOURCE OF POTASSIUM (44.8%) & AS AN ORAL SULFATE SOURCE IN RUMINANT EXPT.
VET: IT IS OF POTENTIAL VALUE AS SULFATE SOURCE, WHICH MAY REDUCE METHIONINE REQUIREMENTS OF POULTRY. A 0.1% LEVEL IN FEED OF LAYING HENS WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A 5% INCR IN EGG PRODUCTION.
应用领域
用途农业上硫酸钾可用作化学肥料,可使经济植物达到持续优质、高产,用于茶叶、蔬菜、水果等农作物。分析测试中硫酸钾血清蛋白生化检验,测定血钾及其他钾盐,凯氏定氮用催化剂。除此之外它还可在染料工业用于制中间体,玻璃工业用作澄清剂,香料工业用作助剂,医药上用作缓泻剂。它可食品工业用作通用添加剂,还用于血清蛋白生化检验。
制备方法
生产方法(1)曼海姆法。氯化钾和硫酸计量连续进入反应炉,反应生成固体硫酸钾,排出并冷却即为产品。尾气 (HCl29%) 经干燥、净化除尘、冷却,经进行吸收制得30%~33%的盐酸。反应式如下:(1)KCl+H2SO4→KHSO4+HCl↑ (2)KHSO4+KCl→K2SO4+HCl↑ (2)以氯化钾和芒硝(或硫酸钠)为原料的转化法。氯化钾和芒硝按一定比例配料,在水溶液中,常温条件下进行一段转化反应,反应产物经固液分离,得中间产品钾芒硝 (K2SO4·3Na2SO4),所得液相经蒸发析出NaCl(作为副产品),析盐母液经冷却析出部分钾芒硝后返回一段转化。一段转化反应式如下:6KCl+4Na2SO4·10H2O→3K2SO4·Na2SO4↓+6NaCl+40H2O 钾芒硝与氯化钾按一定比例配料,在水溶液中,常温条件下进行二段转化反应,固液分离得硫酸钾,母液返回第一段转化。二段转化反应如下:2KCl+3K2SO4·Na2SO4→4K2SO4↓+2NaCl (3)以氯化钾和硫酸镁为原料的转化法。氯化钾和硫酸镁按一定比例配料,在水溶液中,常温条件下进行一段转化反应,反应后经固液分离得软钾镁矾(K2SO4·MgSO4·6H2O),母液可用于生产氯化镁。一段转化反应式如下:2KCl+MgSO4·7H2O→K2SO4·MgSO4·6H2O↓+MgCl2+H2O 软钾镁矾与氯化钾按一定比例配料,在常温下经二段转化反应生成硫酸钾,再经固液分离、干燥、包装得成品硫酸钾。二段转化反应式如下:2KCl+K2SO4·MgSO4·6H2O→2K2SO4↓+MgCl2+6H2O
生产方法1. 曼海姆法:用98%硫酸和氯化钾在高温下进行分解反应,生成硫酸钾,副产盐酸。2. 结晶分离法:用桐子壳碱或草木灰碱经焙烧、浸取、过滤、浓缩、离心分离、干燥制得硫酸钾。3. 明矾石还原热解法:将明矾石粉碎、焙烧脱水,然后经脱色、用烧碱溶液浸取、脱硅、浓缩、分离得到粗硫酸钾,经精制制得硫酸钾成品。4. 制盐苦卤法:由氯化钾与硫酸或二氧化硫作用而得,或者由硫酸与氢氧化钾或碳酸钾中和而得。
上下游产品信息
上游原料
下游产品
试剂价格
- 030485 · 100g
- 硫酸钾, 99.99% (metals basis)Potassium sulfate, 99.99% (metals basis) — 6557元
- P/7000 · 500g
- 硫酸钾Potassium sulfate, for analysi — 599元
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