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氢溴酸
溴氢酸 · 氫溴酸 · 溴化氢 · 氢溴酸 · 氢溴 酸 · 溴化氢气体 · 氢溴酸醋酸 · 溴化氢溶液
标识与物理属性
| CAS No. | 10035-10-6 |
|---|---|
| 分子式 | BrH |
| 平均分子量 | 80.91 g/mol |
| 单同位素质量 | 79.92616 g/mol |
| SMILES | Br |
| InChIKey | CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 260 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:22927 |
| EC No. | 233-113-0 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID0029713 |
| 中文名 | 氢溴酸 |
化学与物理性质
| XLogP | 1 |
|---|---|
| 极性表面积 | 0 |
| 氢键供体 | 1 |
| 氢键受体 | 0 |
| 可旋转键 | 0 |
| 重原子 | 1 |
| 形式电荷 | 0 |
| 复杂度 | 0 |
| pH | Aqueous solutions are strongly acidic3.01(1 mM solution)2.04(10 mM solution)1.08(100 mM solution) |
| 气味 | Sharp, irritating odorAcrid odorSharp, irritating odor detectable at 2 ppm |
| 味道 | Fumes have a sour taste |
| 密度 | 2.14 at -88.6 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than waterwill sink3.307 g/LDensity: 2.603 g/ cu cm at -84 °C (liquid)A solution of hydrogen bromide gas in water. Colorless or faintly yellowslowly darkens on exposure to air and lightmiscible with water, alcoholdensity: 1.517 (50% HBr solution)1.38 (40% HBr solution)1.13 (34% HBr solution)1.08 (10% HBr solution)miscible with water and alcohol /Hydrobromic acid/Relative density (water = 1): 1.81.49 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Color/Form | Colorless gasColorless gas [Note: Shipped as a liquified compressed gas] |
| 溶解性 | 49 % (NIOSH, 2024)221 g/100 cc water at 0 °C130 g/100 cc water at 100 °CFreely soluble in water1 volume of water dissolves 600 volumes of HBr at 0 °C204.0 g/ 100 g water at 15 °CVery soluble in waterFor more Solubility (Complete) data for Hydrogen bromide (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Corrosivity | Corrosive |
| 沸点 | -88.2 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)-66.38 °C-67 °C-66.5 °C @760 [mm Hg]-88 °F−67 °C(lit.) |
| Decomposition | Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions - Hydrogen bromide gas.When heated to decomposition ... it emits toxic and corrosive fumes of /hydrogen bromide/. |
| 熔点 | -124 °F (NIOSH, 2024)-86.80 °C-87 °C−87 °C(lit.) |
| 蒸气密度 | 2.81 (NIOSH, 2024) - Heavier than airwill sink (Relative to Air)2.71 (Air = 1)Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.82.8 (vs air) |
| 嗅觉阈值 | Odor Threshold Low: 2.0 [ppm]Odor threshold from CHEMINFOThe odor threshold is 26.6 ppm.Odor threshold= 6.6667 mg/cu m. Irritating concentration= 10.00 mg/cu m. |
| 蒸气压 | 334.7 psi ( 21 °C) |
| 折射率 | n20/D 1.438 |
| 闪点 | 40°C |
| 储存条件 | Store below +30°C. |
| pKa（酸度系数） | -9(at 25℃) |
| 形态 | Solution |
| 颜色 | Light yellow, brown |
| 比重 | 1.49 |
| 比热容 | Cp(gas): 0.36 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| 敏感性 | Hygroscopic |
| Merck | 14,4778 |
| BRN | 3587158 |
| 亨利常数 | 6.8×10-2 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Hayer et al. (2022) |
| 暴露限值 | ACGIH:TLV-CEILING 2 ppm (6.6 mg/m3)OSHA:PEL-TWA 3 ppm (10 mg/m3)NIOSH:REL-Ceiling 3 ppm |
| 介电常数 | 7.0(-85℃) |
| 稳定性 | Stable. Incompatible with strong bases, strong oxidizing agents, ammonia, ozone, fluorine, water, metals. Air and light sensitive. |
| 化妆品成分功效 | BUFFERING |
| InChI | 1S/BrH/h1H |
| InChIKey | CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | Br |
| LogP（油水分配系数） | 0.629 at 25℃ |
| CAS 数据库 | 10035-10-6(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| NIST化学物质信息 | Hydrogen bromide(10035-10-6) |
| EPA化学物质信息 | Hydrobromic acid (10035-10-6) |
化学性质
无色或浅黄色液体，微发烟。 易溶于氯苯、二乙氧基甲烷等有机溶剂。能与水、醇、乙酸混溶。
安全与法规
| GHS 分类 | DangerH314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposureRespiratory tract irritation]P260, P261, P264, P271, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P319, P321, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.2% (1 of 432) of reports. |
|---|---|
| Hazards Identification | Toxic/poison by inhalation (TIH/PIH) |
| 法规信息 | Chemical: Hydrobromic acidHydrobromic acid is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Hydrobromic acid are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)Status: Active Update: 26-09-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14814Status: Cease Manufacture Update: 28-03-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/23369Status: Cease Manufacture Update: 24-01-2012 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/6169Hydrogen bromide: HSNO Approval: HSR004091 Approved with controlsThe New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.) |
| 其他安全信息 | IMAP assessments - Hydrobromic acid: Human health tier I assessment |
| 运输标签（DOT） | CorrosivePoison Gas Corrosive |
| 火灾危害 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. For electric vehicles or equipment, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion or sodium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. (ERG, 2024)Behavior in Fire: Pressurized container may explode and release toxic, irritating vapor. (USCG, 1999)· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.· Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).· Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.· Containers may explode when heated.· For electric vehicles or equipment, GUIDE 147 (lithium ion or sodium ion batteries) or GUIDE 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted.· Some may burn but none ignite readily.· Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.· Some of these materials may react violently with water.· Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and/or corrosive gas through pressure relief devices.· Ruptured cylinders may rocket.· For UN1005: Anhydrous ammonia, at high concentrations in confined spaces, presents a flammability risk if a source of ignition is introduced.Not combustible. Heating will cause rise in pressure with risk of bursting. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with metals as a result of hydrogen formation. |
| 火灾可能性 | Not combustible. Heating will cause rise in pressure with risk of bursting. |
| 健康危害 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:TOXIC and/or CORROSIVEinhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination. (ERG, 2024)Inhalation causes severe irritation of nose and upper respiratory tract, lung injury. Ingestion causes burns of mouth and stomach. Contact with eyes causes severe irritation and burns. Contact with skin causes irritation and burns. (USCG, 1999)· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVEinhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.· Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.· Avoid any skin contact.· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin.· Vapors are extremely irritating and corrosive.· Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination. |
| 危害概述 | Aqueous hydrogen bromide = Hydrobromic acid[NIOSH] Skin contact with acid solutions may cause burns. HBr, compared to HCl, is more toxic to rats, and considerably more toxic to mice in acute inhalation studies. [ACGIH] Highly corrosive to skin[Quick CPC] Possible frostbite from contact with liquid[NIOSH] A corrosive substance that can cause pulmonary edema[ICSC] The following chemicals can release HBr when spilled in water: Boron tribromide, Phosphorus pentabromide, Acetyl bromide, and Aluminum bromide. [ERG 2016] See the Process, Toxic Gas from Spilling Chemical in Water. Hydrogen bromide is fibrogenic to the lungs in the context of an acute inhalation exposure complicated by bronchiolitis obliterans. |
| 运输编号与指南（DOT） | 1788 1541048 1251048 125(anhydrous)1788 154(solution) |
| 反应性基团 | Acids, Strong Non-oxidizingWater and Aqueous Solutions |
| 欧共体分类 | Symbol: CR: 35-37S: (1/2)-7/9-26-45 |
| 联合国分类 | UN Hazard Class: 2.3UN Subsidiary Risks: 8 |
| 消防 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)Excerpt from ERG Guide 125 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2.LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Do not get water inside containers. Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devicesicing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water. |
| 急救措施 | Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. Refer for medical attention .First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention. |
| 泄漏应急措施 | · CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.· Keep unauthorized personnel away.· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.· Isolate area until gas has dispersed. |
| 急救 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. (ERG, 2024)Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Hydrogen bromide:Eye:⢠IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY (SOLUTION) - If this chemical in solution contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.⢠FROSTBITE - If eye tissue is frozen, seek medical attention immediatelyif tissue is not frozen, immediately and thoroughly flush the eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the lower and upper eyelids. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, get medical attention as soon as possible.Skin:⢠WATER FLUSH IMMEDIATELY (SOLUTION) - If this chemical in solution contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.⢠FROSTBITE - If frostbite has occurred, seek medical attention immediatelydo NOT rub the affected areas or flush them with water. In order to prevent further tissue damage, do NOT attempt to remove frozen clothing from frostbitten areas. If frostbite has NOT occurred, immediately and thoroughly wash contaminated skin with soap and water.Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY (SOLUTION) - If this chemical in solution has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)General First Aid:· Call 911 or emergency medical service.· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.· If victim is not breathing:-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitationthe victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.· Keep victim calm and warm.· Keep victim under observation.· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.Specific First Aid:· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.· In case of contact with liquefied gas, only medical personnel should attempt thawing frosted parts.(General first aid procedures)Eye: Irrigate immediately (solution)/FrostbiteSkin: Water flush immediately (solution)/FrostbiteBreathing: Respiratory supportSwallow: Medical attention immediately (solution) |
| 安全储存 | Separated from incompatible materials. See Chemical Dangers. Cool. Dry. Ventilation along the floor. |
| 暴露控制与个人防护 | · Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].2.0 [ppm] |
| 灭火程序 | Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.Use water spray to cool unopened containers.Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surrounding fire. Use flooding quantities of water. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors. /Hydrobromic acid solution/For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for Hydrogen bromide (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| 储存条件 | Separated from incompatible materials. ... Cool. Dry. Ventilation along the floor.Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from alkalies, oxidizing materials, amines, halogens, and metals. /Hydrobromic acid solution/ |
| 清理方法 | Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: gas-tight chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. NEVER direct water jet on liquid. Remove gas with fine water spray.ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Clean up promptly by sweeping or vacuum.Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Absorb in noncombustible material for proper disposal. /Hydrobromic acid solution/ |
| 非火灾泄漏应对 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)Excerpt from ERG Guide 125 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. (ERG, 2024) |
| 处置方法 | Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D002, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this materialContaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product. |
| 泄漏处置 | Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: gas-tight chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. NEVER direct water jet on liquid. Remove gas with fine water spray. |
| Treatment | EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration. |
| 靶器官 | Eyes, skin, respiratory system |
| 健康影响 | Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. (L625, L626, L627) |
| 不良影响 | Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.Fibrogenic - Inducing tissue injury and fibrosis (scarring). |
| 暴露途径 | The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.inhalation, ingestion (solution), skin and/or eye contactOral (L626)inhalation (L626)dermal (L626) |
| 毒性概述 | IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Hydrogen bromide (HBr) is a colorless gas. It is utilized in the production of inorganic bromides and organic bromides, in reaction with alkynes to form bromoalkenes, opening epoxides and lactones, as a catalyst for oxidations, and in alkylations and condensations in organic chemistry. It is also used in analytical chemistry, and as a solvent for ore minerals. HUMAN STUDIES: Nose and throat irritation occurred in human subjects exposed to HBr for several minutes at concentrations of 3 ppm (1 of 6 subjects) and 4 ppm (3 of 6 subjects) respectively for several minutes. No effects were observed at 2 ppm, but detectable odor was noted at all exposure levels (2 to 6 ppm). No eye irritation was noted. The odor threshold is given as 6.667 mg/cu m and the irritating concentration as 10.00 mg/cu m. Concentrations of 0.13-0.2% are lethal. HBr is also corrosive to skin and mucous membranes and can cause severe burns. Exposure to high concentrations may result in dermatitis. Severe exposures result in pulmonary edema, and often laryngeal spasm. Ingestion causes burns of mouth and stomach. A 60-year-old laboratory technician developed pulmonary infiltrates consistent with chemical pneumonitis following accidental exposure to a mixture of hydrogen bromide and phosphorus tribromide. Two patients developed acute pneumonitis followed by reactive airways dysfunction syndrome after bathing in a hot tub. Bromine and hydrobromic acid generated from a widely used water disinfectant were implicated as the underlying cause. ANIMAL STUDIES: In rats, tissue injury following nose-breathing exposure to HBr was confined to the nasal region. However, mouth-breathing exposure in rats caused higher mortality rates and major tissue disruption in the trachea, including epithelial, submucosal, glandular, and cartilage necrosis, and accumulations of inflammatory cells and exudates. More peripheral lung damage was manifested by lung gravimetric increases and histopathologic chanBromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In additon, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. (L626, L627, A543) |
| Signs and Symptoms | Burning sensation. Cough. Sore throat. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Symptoms may be delayed.ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE. Redness. Pain. Blisters.Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.irritation eyes, skin, nose, throatsolution: eye, skin burnsliquid: frostbiteBromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Symptoms include lacrimation, rhinorrhoea, eye irritation with mucous secretions from the oropharyngeal and upper airways, coughing, dyspnoea, choking, wheezing, epistaxis, and headache. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant producing ataxia, slurred speech, tremor, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, visual disturbances, unsteadiness, headaches, impaired memory and concentration, disorientation and hallucinations. This is called bromism. (L626, L627) |
| Effluent Concentrations | Hydrogen bromide was not detected in emissions from combustion of mixed plastics with coal in a bubbling fluidized bed boiler(1). The compound is formed and released as a result of high heating of electronic circuit boards containing brominated flame retardants(2). |
| Natural Pollution Sources | Hydrogen bromide is found in gases from volcanoes(1). |
| Atmospheric Concentrations | Airborne hydrogen bromide concentrations ranged from less than the detection limit (0.01 ppm) to 0.11 ppm in a monitoring study for airborne vapors during structural foam molding of ignition resistant high impact polystyrene. Hydrogen bromide gas is the primary decomposition product of concern from the flame retardant system(1). |
| Human Toxicity Excerpts | /HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Nose and throat irritation occurred in human subjects exposed to HBr for several minutes at concentrations of 3 ppm (1 of 6 subjects) and 4 ppm (3 of 6 subjects) respectively for several minutes. No effects were observed at 2 ppm, but detectable odor was noted at all exposure levels (2 to 6 ppm). No eye irritation was noted at all concentrations exposed. The odor threshold is given as 6.667 mg/cu m and the irritating concentration as 10.00 mg/cu m./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Highly toxic /gas/ ... Being severely irritating to upper resp tract. The ... /acid/ formed neutralizes the alkali of tissues and can cause death as a result of edema or spasm of larynx and inflammation of upper resp system. Concn of 0.13-0.2% are lethal ... In exposures lasting a few min./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ /GAS/ ... Also corrosive to skin and mucous membranes and can cause severe burns. Exposure to high concn may ... Result in dermatitis. Contact with eyes rapidly causes severe irritation of eyes and eyelids./SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation of hydrogen bromide causes irritation of the upper respiratory tract, and a concentration of about 35 ppm causes irritation of the throat after short exposure. More severe exposures result in pulmonary edema, and often in laryngeal spasm.For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Hydrogen bromide (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Artificial Pollution Sources | Hydrogen bromide's production and use in the manufacture of other bromine compounds, chemical reagent and catalyst(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). |
| RCRA 要求 | D002A solid waste containing hydrobromic acid may become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to testing for corrosivity as stipulated in 40 CFR 261.21, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. |
| DHS Chemicals of Interest (COI) | Hydrogen bromide(anhydrous)95.33500Weapons of Mass Effect chemical material that, if stolen or diverted, can be converted into weapons using simple chemistry, equipment, or techniques. |
| 水危害等级（WGK） | 1 |
| TSCA 清单状态 | TSCA listed |
| 毒性 | LC50 in mice, rats: 814, 2858 ppm by inhalation, K. C. Back et al., Reclassification of Materials Listed as Transportation Health Hazards (TSA-20-72-3, PB 214-270, 1972) |
| RTECS 号 | MW3850000 |
| 危险类别 | 2.3Eye Dam. 1Met. Corr. 1Skin Corr. 1BSTOT SE 3 |
| 储存类别 | 8B - Non-combustible corrosive hazardous materials |
| 安全说明（S） | 26-45-7/9-36/37/39 |
| 海关编码 | 28111990 |
| 危险品标志 | C,Xi |
| 危险类别码（R） | 35-37-34-10-36/37/38 |
| DOT Classification | 2.3, Hazard Zone C (Gas poisonous by inhalation) |
| 毒害物质数据 | 10035-10-6(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| 职业暴露限值（OEL） | Ceiling: 3 ppm (10 mg/m3) |
| 运输编号（UN） | UN 1048 |
| 立即危及生命和健康浓度 | 35 ppm(116 mg/m3) |
急性毒性
吸入-大鼠 LC50: 2858 PPM/1小时; 吸入-小鼠 LC50: 814 PPM/1小时
职业标准
TWA 3 PPM (10 毫克/ 立方米)
爆炸物危险特性
与空气混合可爆
可燃性危险特性
遇H发孔剂可燃; 遇氰化物出有毒氰化氢气体; 受热分解有毒溴化物气体
储运特性
库房通风低温干燥;与氰化物、H发孔剂、碱类分开存放。
用途与应用
概述
溴和氢的化合物，是一种强酸。微发烟。毒性为低毒，半数致死浓度(大鼠吸入)2.858G/L/h。长期接触，表现为慢性呼吸道刺激症状和消化功能障碍。易溶于氯苯、二乙氧基甲烷等有机溶剂。能与水、醇、乙酸混溶。具有很强的腐蚀性，可以和除铂、金、钽以外的所有金属反应生成金属溴化物。还原性也很强，露于空气及日光中因溴游离而逐渐变成黄棕色。
用途
1.测定硫、硒、铋、锌和铁。从砷和锑中分离锡，烷化催化剂，还原剂，有机合成，有机和无机溴化物的制备，高纯金属提炼。 2.用于制造各种溴化合物，也可用于医药、染料、香料等工业;是制造各种无机溴化物如溴化钠、溴化钾、溴化锂和溴化钙等和某些烷基溴化物如溴甲烷、溴乙烷等的基本原料。医药上用以合成镇静剂和麻醉剂等。也是一些金属矿物的良好溶剂，用于高纯金属的提炼。 3. 石油工业用作烷基化催化剂。烷氧基和苯氧基化合物的分离剂，以及脂环烃及链烃氧化为酮、酸或过氧化物的催化剂。 4.医药工业用于合成镇静剂和麻醉剂等医药用品。
用途
是制造各种无机溴化物如溴化钠、溴化钾、溴化锂和溴化钙等和某些烷基溴化物如溴甲烷、溴乙烷等的基本原料。医药上用以合成镇静剂和麻醉剂等。也是一些金属矿物的良好溶剂，用于高纯金属的提炼。石油工业用作烷氧基和苯氧基化合物的分离剂、脂环烃及链烃氧化为酮、酸或过氧化物的催化剂。也用于合成染料和香料等。
用途
用于无机和有机溴化物的制造；还用于合成香料、染料等。
用途
用于高纯度的提炼及溴化物的合成，也用作分析试剂
用途
是制造各种无机溴化物如溴化钠、溴化钾、溴化锂和溴化钙等和某些烷基溴化物如溴甲烷、溴乙烷等的基本原料。医药上用以合成镇静剂和麻醉剂等。也是一些金属矿物的良好溶剂，用于高纯金属的提炼。石油工业用作烷氧基和苯氧基化合物的分离剂、脂环烃及链烃氧化为酮、酸或过氧化物的催化剂。也用于合成染料和香料等。 用于制造各种溴化合物，也可用于医药、染料、香料等工业 用于高纯度的提炼及溴化物的合成，也用作分析试剂 用于无机和有机溴化物的制造；还用于合成香料、染料等。
用途
用作分析试剂。测定硫和硒，从砷和锑中分离锡，测定铋、锌和铁，烷化催化剂
用途
测定硫、硒、铋、锌和铁。从砷和锑中分离锡。烷化催化剂。还原剂。有机合成。有机和无机溴化物的制备。高纯金属提炼。
制备与合成方法
生产方法
溴素与氢气在活性炭催化剂存在下直接合成溴化氢。然后蒸馏、提纯，制得溴化氢。其Br2+H2→2HBr
生产方法
赤磷法 先将赤磷放入盛水的反应器中，在搅拌下缓慢加入溴素，反应生成氢溴酸和亚磷酸，通过沉降、过滤、蒸馏制得氢溴酸成品。其P4+6Br2+12H2O→12HBr+4H3PO3二氧化硫法 将二氧化硫通入加有溴和碎冰的反应釜中，保持温度在20℃以下进行反应直至溶液呈黄色。将混合溶液进行蒸馏，蒸出溶液加入氢氧化钡溶液与生成的硫酸反应，生成硫酸钡沉淀。经静置，过滤，除去沉淀，再蒸馏滤液即得氢溴酸成品。其Br2+SO2+2H2O→2HBr+HzSO4