氢溴酸

Sharp, irritating odor

Acrid odor

2.14 at -88.6 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

3.307 g/L

Density: 2.603 g/ cu cm at -84 °C (liquid)

A solution of hydrogen bromide gas in water. Colorless or faintly yellow; slowly darkens on exposure to air and light; miscible with water, alcohol; density: 1.517 (50% HBr solution); 1.38 (40% HBr solution); 1.13 (34% HBr solution); 1.08 (10% HBr solution); miscible with water and alcohol /Hydrobromic acid/

Relative density (water = 1): 1.8

2.14 at -88.6 °F

Colorless gas

Colorless gas [Note: Shipped as a liquified compressed gas]

49 % (NIOSH, 2024)

221 g/100 cc water at 0 °C; 130 g/100 cc water at 100 °C

Freely soluble in water; 1 volume of water dissolves 600 volumes of HBr at 0 °C

204.0 g/ 100 g water at 15 °C

Very soluble in water

For more Solubility (Complete) data for Hydrogen bromide (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

-88.2 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)

-66.38 °C

-67 °C

-88.2 °F

-66.5 °C @760 [mm Hg]

-88 °F

Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions - Hydrogen bromide gas.

When heated to decomposition ... it emits toxic and corrosive fumes of /hydrogen bromide/.

-124 °F (NIOSH, 2024)

-86.80 °C

-87 °C

-124 °F

-87 °C

-124 °F

2.81 (NIOSH, 2024) - Heavier than air; will sink (Relative to Air)

2.71 (Air = 1)

Relative vapor density (air = 1): 2.8

2.81

Odor Threshold Low: 2.0 [ppm]；Odor threshold from CHEMINFO

The odor threshold is 26.6 ppm.

Odor threshold= 6.6667 mg/cu m. Irritating concentration= 10.00 mg/cu m.

Danger

H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation]；H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]

P260, P261, P264, P271, P280, P301+P330+P331, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P319, P321, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 0.2% (1 of 432) of reports.

Chemical: Hydrobromic acid

Hydrobromic acid is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Hydrobromic acid are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 26-09-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14814；Status: Cease Manufacture Update: 28-03-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/23369；Status: Cease Manufacture Update: 24-01-2012 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/6169

Hydrogen bromide: HSNO Approval: HSR004091 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Corrosive

Poison Gas Corrosive

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:；Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. For electric vehicles or equipment, ERG Guide 147 (lithium ion or sodium ion batteries) or ERG Guide 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted. (ERG, 2024)

Behavior in Fire: Pressurized container may explode and release toxic, irritating vapor. (USCG, 1999)

· Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.；· Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.).；· Corrosives in contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas.；· Containers may explode when heated.；· For electric vehicles or equipment, GUIDE 147 (lithium ion or sodium ion batteries) or GUIDE 138 (sodium batteries) should also be consulted.

· Some may burn but none ignite readily.；· Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread along ground.；· Some of these materials may react violently with water.；· Cylinders exposed to fire may vent and release toxic and/or corrosive gas through pressure relief devices.；· Containers may explode when heated.；· Ruptured cylinders may rocket.；· For UN1005: Anhydrous ammonia, at high concentrations in confined spaces, presents a flammability risk if a source of ignition is introduced.

Not combustible. Heating will cause rise in pressure with risk of bursting. Risk of fire and explosion on contact with metals as a result of hydrogen formation.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:；TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination. (ERG, 2024)

Inhalation causes severe irritation of nose and upper respiratory tract, lung injury. Ingestion causes burns of mouth and stomach. Contact with eyes causes severe irritation and burns. Contact with skin causes irritation and burns. (USCG, 1999)

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death.；· Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes.；· Avoid any skin contact.；· Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.；· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause environmental contamination.

· TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin.；· Vapors are extremely irritating and corrosive.；· Contact with gas or liquefied gas may cause burns, severe injury and/or frostbite.；· Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.；· Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination.

Aqueous hydrogen bromide = Hydrobromic acid; [NIOSH] Skin contact with acid solutions may cause burns. HBr, compared to HCl, is more toxic to rats, and considerably more toxic to mice in acute inhalation studies. [ACGIH] Highly corrosive to skin; [Quick CPC] Possible frostbite from contact with liquid; [NIOSH] A corrosive substance that can cause pulmonary edema; [ICSC] The following chemicals can release HBr when spilled in water: Boron tribromide, Phosphorus pentabromide, Acetyl bromide, and Aluminum bromide. [ERG 2016] See the Process, Toxic Gas from Spilling Chemical in Water. Hydrogen bromide is fibrogenic to the lungs in the context of an acute inhalation exposure complicated by bronchiolitis obliterans.

1788 154

1048 125

1048 125(anhydrous)

1788 154(solution)

Acids, Strong Non-oxidizing；Water and Aqueous Solutions

Acids, Strong Non-oxidizing

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:；SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.；LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.；FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 125 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:；SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical or CO2.；LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire. Do not get water inside containers. Damaged cylinders should be handled only by specialists.；FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Do not direct water at source of leak or safety devices; icing may occur. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. (ERG, 2024)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. In case of fire: keep cylinder cool by spraying with water. NO direct contact with water.

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

ON FROSTBITE: rinse with plenty of water, do NOT remove clothes. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.；· Keep unauthorized personnel away.；· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.；· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.；· Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.；· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.；· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.；· Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.；· DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.

· CALL 911. Then call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper. If shipping paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover.；· Keep unauthorized personnel away.；· Stay upwind, uphill and/or upstream.；· Many gases are heavier than air and will spread along the ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks, etc.).；· Ventilate closed spaces before entering, but only if properly trained and equipped.

· Do not touch or walk through spilled material.；· Stop leak if you can do it without risk.；· If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid.；· Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.；· Do not direct water at spill or source of leak.；· Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material.；· Isolate area until gas has dispersed.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:；Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Hydrogen bromide:；Eye:；• IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY (SOLUTION) - If this chemical in solution contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.；• FROSTBITE - If eye tissue is frozen, seek medical attention immediately; if tissue is not frozen, immediately and thoroughly flush the eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the lower and upper eyelids. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, get medical attention as soon as possible.；Skin:；• WATER FLUSH IMMEDIATELY (SOLUTION) - If this chemical in solution contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water. Get medical attention promptly.；• FROSTBITE - If frostbite has occurred, seek medical attention immediately; do NOT rub the affected areas or flush them with water. In order to prevent further tissue damage, do NOT attempt to remove frozen clothing from frostbitten areas. If frostbite has NOT occurred, immediately and thoroughly wash contaminated skin with soap and water.；Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.；Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY (SOLUTION) - If this chemical in solution has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024)

General First Aid:；· Call 911 or emergency medical service.；· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.；· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.；· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.；· If victim is not breathing:；-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.；-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).；-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.；· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.；· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.；· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.；· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.；· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.；· Keep victim calm and warm.；· Keep victim under observation.；· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.；· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.；Specific First Aid:；· For corrosives, in case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 30 minutes. Additional flushing may be required.

General First Aid:；· Call 911 or emergency medical service.；· Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.；· Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.；· Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.；· If victim is not breathing:；-- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.；-- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).；-- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.；· Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.；· For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.；· In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.；· For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.；· Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.；· Keep victim calm and warm.；· Keep victim under observation.；· For further assistance, contact your local Poison Control Center.；· Note: Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) should be done by trained professionals.；Specific First Aid:；· In case of contact with liquefied gas, only medical personnel should attempt thawing frosted parts.

(General first aid procedures)；Eye: Irrigate immediately (solution)/Frostbite；Skin: Water flush immediately (solution)/Frostbite；Breathing: Respiratory support；Swallow: Medical attention immediately (solution)

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).；· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.；· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

· Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).；· Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE.；· Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection.

TIH (Toxic Inhalation Hazard) - Term used to describe gases and volatile liquids that are toxic when inhaled. Some are TIH materials themselves, e.g., chlorine, and some release TIH gases when spilled in water, e.g., chlorosilanes. [ERG 2016].

2.0 [ppm]

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Use water spray to cool unopened containers.

Extinguish fire using agent suitable for surrounding fire. Use flooding quantities of water. Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool. Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors. /Hydrobromic acid solution/

For more Fire Fighting Procedures (Complete) data for Hydrogen bromide (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Separated from incompatible materials. ... Cool. Dry. Ventilation along the floor.

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location. Separate from alkalies, oxidizing materials, amines, halogens, and metals. /Hydrobromic acid solution/

Evacuate danger area! Consult an expert! Personal protection: gas-tight chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Ventilation. NEVER direct water jet on liquid. Remove gas with fine water spray.

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Wear respiratory protection. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Clean up promptly by sweeping or vacuum.

Stop or control the leak, if this can be done without undue risk. Absorb in noncombustible material for proper disposal. /Hydrobromic acid solution/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]:；ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2024)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 125 [Gases - Toxic and/or Corrosive]:；Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. If possible, turn leaking containers so that gas escapes rather than liquid. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Do not direct water at spill or source of leak. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Isolate area until gas has dispersed. (ERG, 2024)

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D002, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material; Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. (L625, L626, L627)

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

inhalation, ingestion (solution), skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L626) ; inhalation (L626) ; dermal (L626)

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Hydrogen bromide (HBr) is a colorless gas. It is utilized in the production of inorganic bromides and organic bromides, in reaction with alkynes to form bromoalkenes, opening epoxides and lactones, as a catalyst for oxidations, and in alkylations and condensations in organic chemistry. It is also used in analytical chemistry, and as a solvent for ore minerals. HUMAN STUDIES: Nose and throat irritation occurred in human subjects exposed to HBr for several minutes at concentrations of 3 ppm (1 of 6 subjects) and 4 ppm (3 of 6 subjects) respectively for several minutes. No effects were observed at 2 ppm, but detectable odor was noted at all exposure levels (2 to 6 ppm). No eye irritation was noted. The odor threshold is given as 6.667 mg/cu m and the irritating concentration as 10.00 mg/cu m. Concentrations of 0.13-0.2% are lethal. HBr is also corrosive to skin and mucous membranes and can cause severe burns. Exposure to high concentrations may result in dermatitis. Severe exposures result in pulmonary edema, and often laryngeal spasm. Ingestion causes burns of mouth and stomach. A 60-year-old laboratory technician developed pulmonary infiltrates consistent with chemical pneumonitis following accidental exposure to a mixture of hydrogen bromide and phosphorus tribromide. Two patients developed acute pneumonitis followed by reactive airways dysfunction syndrome after bathing in a hot tub. Bromine and hydrobromic acid generated from a widely used water disinfectant were implicated as the underlying cause. ANIMAL STUDIES: In rats, tissue injury following nose-breathing exposure to HBr was confined to the nasal region. However, mouth-breathing exposure in rats caused higher mortality rates and major tissue disruption in the trachea, including epithelial, submucosal, glandular, and cartilage necrosis, and accumulations of inflammatory cells and exudates. More peripheral lung damage was manifested by lung gravimetric increases and histopathologic chan

Bromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In additon, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. (L626, L627, A543)

Burning sensation. Cough. Sore throat. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Symptoms may be delayed.

ON CONTACT WITH LIQUID: FROSTBITE. Redness. Pain. Blisters.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; solution: eye, skin burns; liquid: frostbite

Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Symptoms include lacrimation, rhinorrhoea, eye irritation with mucous secretions from the oropharyngeal and upper airways, coughing, dyspnoea, choking, wheezing, epistaxis, and headache. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant producing ataxia, slurred speech, tremor, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, visual disturbances, unsteadiness, headaches, impaired memory and concentration, disorientation and hallucinations. This is called bromism. (L626, L627)

Hydrogen bromide was not detected in emissions from combustion of mixed plastics with coal in a bubbling fluidized bed boiler(1). The compound is formed and released as a result of high heating of electronic circuit boards containing brominated flame retardants(2).

Airborne hydrogen bromide concentrations ranged from less than the detection limit (0.01 ppm) to 0.11 ppm in a monitoring study for airborne vapors during structural foam molding of ignition resistant high impact polystyrene. Hydrogen bromide gas is the primary decomposition product of concern from the flame retardant system(1).

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Nose and throat irritation occurred in human subjects exposed to HBr for several minutes at concentrations of 3 ppm (1 of 6 subjects) and 4 ppm (3 of 6 subjects) respectively for several minutes. No effects were observed at 2 ppm, but detectable odor was noted at all exposure levels (2 to 6 ppm). No eye irritation was noted at all concentrations exposed. The odor threshold is given as 6.667 mg/cu m and the irritating concentration as 10.00 mg/cu m.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Highly toxic /gas/ ... Being severely irritating to upper resp tract. The ... /acid/ formed neutralizes the alkali of tissues and can cause death as a result of edema or spasm of larynx and inflammation of upper resp system. Concn of 0.13-0.2% are lethal ... In exposures lasting a few min.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ /GAS/ ... Also corrosive to skin and mucous membranes and can cause severe burns. Exposure to high concn may ... Result in dermatitis. Contact with eyes rapidly causes severe irritation of eyes and eyelids.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation of hydrogen bromide causes irritation of the upper respiratory tract, and a concentration of about 35 ppm causes irritation of the throat after short exposure. More severe exposures result in pulmonary edema, and often in laryngeal spasm.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Hydrogen bromide (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Chemical: Hydrobromic acid

Hydrobromic acid is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Hydrobromic acid are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 26-09-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14814；Status: Cease Manufacture Update: 28-03-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/23369；Status: Cease Manufacture Update: 24-01-2012 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/6169

Hydrogen bromide: HSNO Approval: HSR004091 Approved with controls

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Hydrogen bromide(anhydrous)

95.33

500

Weapons of Mass Effect chemical material that, if stolen or diverted, can be converted into weapons using simple chemistry, equipment, or techniques.

Bromine is mainly absorbed via inhalation, but may also enter the body through dermal contact. Bromine salts can be ingested. Due to its reactivity, bromine quickly forms bromide and may be deposited in the tissues, displacing other halogens. (L626)

Used in synthesis of organic compounds and bromides; also used to dissolve ores and catalyze alkylation; [ACGIH] Dilute HBr used in holography (color bleach); [www.ci.tucson.az.us/arthazards/medium.html]

Photographic Processing [Category: Other]；Metal Extraction and Refining [Category: Industry]

Pharmaceutical intermediate. /Hydrogen bromide gas/

Isomerization of conjugated diolefins. /Hydrobromic acid/

Analytical chemistry, solvent for ore minerals. /Hydrobromic acid/

Hydrogen bromide is utilized in: production of inorganic bromides by reaction with the appropriate aqueous solution or slurry of metal hydroxides, oxides, or carbonates; production of organic bromides by reaction with alkyl alcohols or alkenes; reaction with alkynes to form bromoalkenes; opening epoxides and lactones; as a catalyst for oxidations; and alkylations and condensations in organic chemistry. /Hydrogen bromide gas/

2023: 100,000,000 - <500,000,000 lb；2022: 100,000,000 - <500,000,000 lb；2021: 100,000,000 - <500,000,000 lb；2020: 100,000,000 - <500,000,000 lb

(1977) 4.99X10+9 G

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule.[Table#1657]

Non-confidential 2016 Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) information on the production and use of chemicals manufactured or imported into the United States. Chemical: hydrobromic acid:；Table: National Aggregate Production Volume (pounds) [Table#1658]

Hydrogen bromide is prepared commercially by the direct gas-phase reaction of hydrogen and bromine ... The reaction can be conducted without catalyst by maintaining a self-sustaining flame within an enclosed burner. /Hydrogen bromide gas/

(1) By passing hydrogen with bromine vapor over warm platinum sponge which acts as a catalyst; (2) As a by-product in the bromination of organic compounds. /Hydrogen bromide gas/

By dissolving hydrogen bromide in water or by distilling from a mixture of sodium bromide and 50% sulfuric acid. /Hydrobromic acid/

The anhydrous gas is produced industrially by burning bromine in the presence of excess hydrogen at 500 °C or by reacting bromine with hydrogen at 375 °C over platinized silica gel or platinized asbestos catalyst. Generation of hydrogen bromide as a byproduct during bromination of aromatic compounds is another major source of the industrial gas, although the hydrogen bromide is less pure. In either case, entrained bromine can be removed by scrubbing with phosphorous acid or by activated carbon. The gas is liquefied by compression for storage and shipment in cylinders. Methods for laboratory preparation include reaction of bromine with 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene at 20 °C or by the reaction of bromine with sulfur dioxide and water followed by distillation.

Constant-boiling hydrobromic acid distills at 124.3 °C at atmospheric pressure and contains 47.63 wt% hydrogen bromide. The boiling point and hydrogen bromide concentration can be partially controlled by varying the pressure during distillation. These solutions are produced industrially by dissolution of hydrogen bromide in water.

Grade: Up to 99.8% minimum purity. /Hydrogen bromide gas/

Grades: Technical 40%; Medicinal 48%, 62% /Hydrobromic acid/

The aqueous acid is commercially available as colorless 48% and 62% solutions.

Anhydrous hydrogen bromide is commonly available in 99.8 % purity in cylinders containing 6.8, 13.6, or 68 kg at 2.2 MPa at 21.1 °C.

Plastics Product Manufacturing；Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing；All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing；All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing；Industrial Gas Manufacturing；Petrochemical Manufacturing；Miscellaneous Manufacturing；Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing

Hydrobromic acid: ACTIVE

Liquefied hydrobromic acid is available commercially in cylinders and various strengths of aqueous hydrobromic acid are available in drums or tank cars.