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硝酸根(硝酸盐)标准溶液
软皂 · 钾皂 · 智利硝 · 硝酸鈉 · 硝酸盐 · 硝酸根(硝酸盐)标准溶液 · 硝酸根离子(NO3-)标准溶液 · NO3
标识与物理属性
| CAS No. | 14797-55-8 |
|---|---|
| 分子式 | NO3- |
| 平均分子量 | 62.005 g/mol |
| 单同位素质量 | 61.98781786 g/mol |
| SMILES | O=[N+]([O-])[O-] |
| InChIKey | NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| PubChem CID | 943 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL186200 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:17632 |
| DTXSID | DTXSID5024217 |
| 中文名 | 硝酸根(硝酸盐)标准溶液 |
化学与物理性质
| XLogP | -1.4 |
|---|---|
| 极性表面积 | 62.9 |
| 氢键供体 | 0 |
| 氢键受体 | 3 |
| 可旋转键 | 0 |
| 重原子 | 4 |
| 形式电荷 | -1 |
| 复杂度 | 18 |
| Physical Description | Solid |
| 储存条件 | 2-8°C |
| 形态 | Liquid |
| 颜色 | Clear colorless |
| 溶解性 | Miscible with water. |
| InChI | InChI=1S/NO3/c2-1(3)4/q-1 |
| InChIKey | NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| SMILES | [N+]([O-])([O-])=O |
| EPA化学物质信息 | Nitrate (14797-55-8) |
化学性质
透明膏状体，有弹性，水溶性好，泡沫丰富，与钠皂相比，不易凝结。
安全与法规
| 法规信息 | Hazard Traits - HematotoxicityAuthoritative List - CA MCLsCWA 303(d)Report - if used as a fragrance or flavor ingredientRegulation (EC) No 1831/2003 (amended) |
|---|---|
| 运输标签（DOT） | Oxidizer |
| 火灾危害 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:CAUTION: Ammonium nitrate products may explode if involved in fire or contaminated with hydrocarbons (fuels), organic matter, other contaminants or when hot molten and contained. Treat as an explosive (ERG Guide 112). These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. (ERG, 2024) |
| 健康危害 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause environmental contamination. (ERG, 2024) |
| 反应性基团 | Nitrate and Nitrite Compounds, Inorganic |
| Reactivity Alerts | ExplosiveStrong Oxidizing Agent |
| Reactivity Profile | Mixtures of metal/nonmetal nitrates with alkyl esters may explode, owing to the formation of alkyl nitratesmixtures of a nitrate with phosphorus, tin (II) chloride, or other reducing agents may react explosively [Bretherick 1979 p. 108-109]. |
| DOT Hazard Classification | Nitrates, inorganic, aqueous solution, n.o.s.UN3218Div 5.1 Oxidizer (49 eCFR § 173.127)PG II: the degree of danger presented by the material is mediumPG III: the degree of danger presented by the material is minorFor more information about the packing group assignment, please visit 49 eCFR § 173Nitrates, inorganic, n.o.s. |
| Air and Water Reactions | No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water. |
| 消防 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:SMALL FIRE: Use water. Do not use dry chemicals or foams. CO2 or Halon® may provide limited control.LARGE FIRE: Flood fire area with water from a distance. Do not move cargo or vehicle if cargo has been exposed to heat. If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.FIRE INVOLVING TANKS, RAIL TANK CARS OR HIGHWAY TANKS: For ammonium nitrate products: Do not fight cargo fire. Withdraw, evacuate and isolate area for at least 1600 meters (1 mile). Treat as an explosive (ERG Guide 112). Do not enter area for 24 hours or until expert advice has been provided. Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. ALWAYS stay away from tanks in direct contact with flames. For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzlesif this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn. (ERG, 2024) |
| 急救 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:Refer to the "General First Aid" section. Specific First Aid: Contaminated clothing may be a fire risk when dry. (ERG, 2024) |
| 非火灾泄漏应对 | Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:Keep combustibles (wood, paper, oil, etc.) away from spilled material. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Do not get water inside containers.SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover looselymove containers from spill area.SMALL LIQUID SPILL: Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite or sand to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. (ERG, 2024) |
| Isolation and Evacuation | Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE: Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 100 meters (330 feet).FIRE: If tank, rail tank car or highway tank is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directionsalso, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. If ammonium nitrate products are in a tank, rail car or truck and involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directionsalso, initiate evacuation including emergency responders for 1600 meters (1 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2024) |
| Protective Action Criteria (PAC) | 0.16 [ppm]24 [ppm]92 [ppm] |
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | Excerpt from ERG Guide 140 [Oxidizers]:Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer when there is NO RISK OF FIRE. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides thermal protection but only limited chemical protection. (ERG, 2024) |
| Treatment | Methemoglobinemia can be treated with supplemental oxygen and methylene blue 1% solution administered intravenously slowly over five minutes followed by IV flush with normal saline. Methylene blue restores the iron in hemoglobin to its normal (reduced) oxygen-carrying state. (L1613) |
| 靶器官 | Hematologic |
| 健康影响 | Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Nitrites may cause pregnancy complications and developmental effects. They may also be carcinogenic. (L1137) |
| 不良影响 | Main adverse effects from nitrate use come from dilation of the venous blood vessels. Other side effects can be reflexes from the activation of the sympathetic nervous system or re-exposure after withdrawal. These side effects include:* Headaches (greater than 10%)* Hypotension (0.1 to 10%)* Cutaneous flushing (0.1 to 10%)* Syncope (0.1 to 10%)* Reflex tachycardia (0.1 to 10%)* Methemoglobinemia (rare)* Monday disease (tachycardia, headache, and dizziness during re-exposure) |
| 暴露途径 | Oral (L1137)inhalation (L1137) |
| 毒性概述 | There is currently no evidence of the teratogenicity or carcinogenicity potential of nitrate.Methemoglobinemia can be caused by nitrate toxicity in rare cases. Generally, supportive care and cessation of nitrate should be sufficient for most cases of methemoglobinemia. Methylene blue is an effective antidote if needed.Nitrate's toxicity is a result of it's conversion to nitrite once in the body. Nitrite causes the autocatalytic oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to hydrogen peroxide and methemoglobin. This elevation of methemoglobin levels is a condition known as methemoglobinemia, and is characterized by tissue hypoxia, as methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen. (A2450, L1613) |
| Signs and Symptoms | Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Symptoms include cyanosis, cardiac dysrhythmias and circulatory failure, and progressive central nervous system (CNS) effects. CNS effects can range from mild dizziness and lethargy to coma and convulsions. (L1137) |
| EPA IRIS Information | NitrateHematologic1.6 mg/kg-day |
| Carcinogen Classification | Ingested nitrate or nitrite under conditions that result in endogenous nitrosation is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). (L135) |
| Toxicity Data | LD50: 138 ppm over 30 minutes (Inhalation, Rat) (A677) |
| RAIS Toxicity Values | 4ATSDR Final1.6IRIS Current |
| USGS Health-Based Screening Levels for Evaluating Water-Quality | Nitrogen, Nitrate00618Nutrient10000Nitrate (as N)Smith, C.D. and Nowell, L.H., 2024. Health-Based Screening Levels for evaluating water-quality data (3rd ed.). DOI:10.5066/F71C1TWP |
用途与应用
用途
常供理发店和医院洗发、洗手。