Kalkstein

Plastics -> Pigments agents

Plastics -> Polyolefin-I; PUR; Polyolefin-II; PVC (soft); ABS; PVC (rigid); PET; PMMA; PA; PC; (E)PS

Cosmetic ingredients (Calcium Carbonate) -> CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review)

Buffering; Opacifying; Oral care; Viscosity controlling; Absorbent; Cosmetic colorant; Bulking; Abrasive

Agrochemicals -> Pesticide active substances

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Not approved

Agrochemicals -> Pesticide active substances

Active substance -> EU Pesticides database: Approved

Chalky taste

Tasteless

Foods, Drugs -> FDA Regulatory Status of Color Additives

Use unspecified -> FDA Substance added to food

ANTICAKING AGENT OR FREE-FLOW AGENT, COLOR OR COLORING ADJUNCT, DRYING AGENT, FORMULATION AID, HUMECTANT, LEAVENING AGENT, LUBRICANT OR RELEASE AGENT, MASTICATORY SUBSTANCE, NUTRIENT SUPPLEMENT, PH CONTROL AGENT, PROCESSING AID -> FDA Substance added to food

2.7 to 2.95 (NIOSH, 2024)

Bulk density: 40-100 lb/cubic ft; screen analysis: usually 200 to 325 mesh

2.8 g/cm³

2.7-2.95

2.93 @25 °C

2.7-2.95

0.001 % (NIOSH, 2024)

Practically insoluble in water and in alcohol. Dissolves with effervescence in diluted acetic acid, in diluted hydrochloric acid and in diluted nitric acid, and the resulting solutions, after boiling, give positive tests for calcium.

Solubility Product constant: 3.36X10-9 at 25 °C

ALKALI HYDROXIDE REDUCES ITS SOLUBILITY

INSOL IN ALCOHOL

SOLUBILITY IN H2O INCR BY AMMONIUM SALT & BY CO2

Not Classified

Aggregated GHS information provided per 3535 reports by companies from 27 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 100% (12 of 12) of all reports.

Not Classified

Aggregated GHS information provided per 12 reports by companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Chemical: Carbonic acid, calcium salt (1:1)

Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 (amended)

Carbonic acid calcium salt (1:1) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Carbonic acid calcium salt (1:1) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

2002/2076

2008/127, Reg. (EU) 2017/195, Reg. (EU) 2020/1160, Reg. (EU) 2021/1448, Reg. (EU) 2021/745, Reg. (EU) No 369/2012, Reg. (EU) No 540/2011

Status: Active Update: 28-04-2023 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/16050

No adverse effects associated with exposure to calcium carbonate have been identified. [Harber, p. 354] Important natural forms are calcite and aragonite, which may be contaminated with magnesium, iron, chromium, manganese, sulfur, zinc, lead, and sometimes crystalline silica. Chemically produced calcium carbonate is 98-99% pure. [CHEMINFO]

Certification of this color additive when used as a color additive in drugs is not necessary for the protection of the public health, and therefore batches thereof are exempt from the certification pursuant to section 721(c) of the act.

An ingredient whose use in food or food packaging is subject to a prior sanction or approval within the meaning of section 201(s)(4) of the Act is exempt from classification as a food additive. ... Substances classified as stabilizers, when migrating from food-packaging material shall include: ... calcium carbonate.

Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).

Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: calcium carbonate is included in antidiarrheal drug products.

For more FDA Requirements (Complete) data for CALCIUM CARBONATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Optimal Calcium Uptake. Current Bibliographies in Medicine 94-4. Public Services Division/National Library of Medicine. 775 citations from January, 1990-April, 1994.[Available from, as of April 4, 2003: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/cbm/calcium.html]

Residues of calcium carbonate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: solid diluent, carrier.

Residues of calcium carbonate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals. Use: solid diluent, carrier.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-Hr Time Weighted Avg: 15 mg/cu m, total dust. /Calcium carbonate, RN 1317-65-3/

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-Hr Time Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m, respirable fraction. /Calcium carbonate, RN 1317-65-3/

Fresh air.

Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth.

Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for Calcium carbonate:

(General first aid procedures)

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.

... A mixture of 2 parts magnesium oxide and 1 part calcium carbonate produces relatively normal stool for many patients.

Milk-alkali syndrome may occur after prolonged admin of calcium carbonate with concomitant use of sodium bicarbonate and/or homogenized milk containing Vit D.

Certain anions in antacids (carbonate and hydroxide) ... are thought to form insoluble complexes when combined with iron. A study evaluating the effect of antacids and iron absorption used patients with mild iron deficiency and found that when Mylanta II (5 mL) was given with 10 mg of iron, the increase in plasma iron seen two hours after the dose was not significantly different from the iron level seen two hours after a control dose. ... calcium carbonate 500 mg also decreased the two-hour plasma levels, with serum iron levels attaining only one-third of the control dose.

Concurrent use of excessive amounts of /alcohol, caffeine (usually more than 8 cups of coffee a day), or tobacco/ has been reported to decrease calcium absorption.

For more Interactions (Complete) data for CALCIUM CARBONATE (45 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Due to the short-term, periodic nature of calcium carbonate/antacid use and the small dose of calcium carbonate used for supplementation, most adverse effects are minor. However, an overdose can occur if large doses are taken for an extended time or abused. The patient can experience moderate to severe side effects of an overdose. These include:

inhalation, skin and/or eye contact

Oral (L6) ; inhalation (L6) ; dermal (L6)

The CIR Expert Panel concluded that the following 6 carbonate salts are safe in the present practices of use and concentration, as described in this safety assessment, when formulated to be non-irritating...Calcium Carbonate...

Safe for use in cosmetics, with qualifications

The FDA recognizes calcium carbonate as a generally safe drug and food additive. A maximum dose of 8 to 10 g per day of calcium carbonate can be administered for short-term use. However, long-term use of over 2 grams can lead to adverse effects such as hypercalcemia, renal calculi, hypophosphatemia, and nephrotoxicity, especially in individuals with chronic kidney disease. Fetotoxicity has also been observed in pregnant women taking over 1500 mg/kg of body weight per day of calcium carbonate.

Cadmium initially binds to metallothionein and is transported to the kidney. Toxic effects are observed once the concentration of cadmium exceeds that of available metallothionein, and it has also been shown that the cadmium-metallothionein complex may be damaging. Accumulation of cadmium in the kidney results in increased excretion of vital low and high weight molecular proteins. Cadmium is a high affinity zinc analog and can interfere in its biological processes. It also binds to and activates the estrogen receptor, likely stimulating the growth of certain types of cancer cells and causing other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. Cadmium causes cell apoptosis by activating mitogen-activated protein kinases. (L8, A18, A19, A28)

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ This study was undertaken to determine whether calcium could render any protection against copper (Cu) toxicity in Nile tilapia with emphasis on histopathological and histochemical analysis. The copper LC50 values for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr to tilapia in the laboratory were 210.27, 213.34, 193.30, and 185. 75 mg/L, respectively. Prior to Cu exposure, fish were exposed to 0 (G1 and G3) and 30 mg/L calcium carbonate (G2 and G4) for 4 days. After that, fish were exposed to 46 mg/L copper, which corresponds to 25% of the 96 hr LC50 (G3 and G4) for 96 hr and 7 days. In the gills of the copper treatment group, primary filament cell hyperplasia, epithelial lifting, or edema, secondary lamellar fusion, and aneurysm were observed. Swollen hepatocytes showing vacuoles and congestion in sinusoids were observed. Necrosis was observed in some areas. In the kidney, glomerulus's atrophy, tubular swelling, and also necrosis were seen. Fish that were pre-exposed to calcium showed slight alteration when compared to copper alone-treatment groups. Histochemical staining for calcium and copper by alizarin red S and rhodanine staining, respectively, indicated no accumulation of calcium and copper in kidney, liver, gills, and muscle. In conclusion, calcium appears to be beneficial in reducing the effects of heavy metal contaminations in aquatic organisms.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ To determine the effects of water hardness on the toxicities of cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) to a freshwater fish, Capoeta fusca. Toxicity was investigated by static bioassay. Fish were exposed to cobalt (as CoCl2) and nickel (as NiCl2) for 96 hr in waters with two levels of hardness ("hard" and "very hard", nominally 130 mg/L and 350 mg/L as CaCO3, respectively). Water hardness had a significant effect on the acute toxicity of both elements. The 96 hr LC50 values for Co were 91.7 mg/L and 204.8 mg/L in hard and very hard waters, respectively, and for Ni the 96 hr LC50 values were 78.0 mg/L and 127.2 mg/L, respectively. The fish were more sensitive to Co and Ni toxicity in hard water than in very hard water; very hard water protects C. fusca against the toxicity of Co and Ni.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The potential modifying effects of certain water quality parameters (e.g., hardness, alkalinity, pH) on the acute toxicity of boron were tested using a freshwater cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia dubia. By comparison, boron acute toxicity was less affected by water quality characteristics than some metals (e.g., copper and silver). Increases in alkalinity over the range tested did not alter toxicity. Increases in water hardness appeared to have an effect with very hard waters (>500 mg/L as CaCO3)...

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ In this study, the toxicity of mercuric chloride (HgCl2), an important pollutant threatening water resources for many years, and the effects of water temperature and hardness on the toxicity in cultured rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (4.79 +/- 0.16 g; 7.38 +/- 0.24 cm; mean +/- SD) were investigated at different temperatures (12 and 17 °C) and hardness concentrations (35, 70 and 120 mg/ L as calcium carbonate, CaCO3). For this purpose, the acute toxicity tests were performed by 96-hr static tests in different water temperatures and water hardness concentrations. For acute toxicity tests, solutions ranging from 0.4 to 1.2 mg/L were used at 12 °C and solutions ranging from 0.4 to 1.0 mg/L at 17 °C. The LC50 values of HgCl2 that killed 50% of rainbow trout within 96 hr in the hardness concentrations of 35, 70 and 120 mg/L CaCO3 were calculated using probit analysis, and were found to be 0.725, 0.788, 0.855 mg/L at 12 °C and 0.670, 0.741, 0.787 mg/L at 17 °C, respectively. Consequently, the toxicity of HgCl2 on rainbow trout decreased when the temperature decreased from 17 to 12 °C. Toxicity increased when the hardness decreased from 120 to 35 mg/L CaCO3. In contrast to temperature, water hardness presents a negative effect on the toxicity of HgCl2.

For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CALCIUM CARBONATE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Cough.

Redness.

irritation eyes, skin, respiratory system; cough

Acute inhalation of cadmium fumes results in metal fume fever, which is characterized by chills, fever, headache, weakness, dryness of the nose and throat, chest pain, and coughing. Ingestion of cadmium causes vomiting and diarrhea. (L6)

EGG SHELLS ARE 94% CALCIUM CARBONATE. LIMESTONE...IS NATURAL SOURCE OF TECHNICAL OR AGRICULTURAL GRADES.

Calcium carbonate ... occurs naturally as the principal constituent of limestone, marble and chalk

Calcium carbonate /is present in/ ... oyster shells and dolomite

Exists in nature as minerals aragonite, calcite and vaterite. Two crystal forms are of commercial importance: aragonite, orthorhombic...calcite hexagonal-rhombohedral...

The solubility of calcium carbonate in water containing carbon dioxide causes the formation of caves with stalactites and stalagmites and is responsible for hardness in water

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Thirty-two healthy volunteers were exposed to 0 (control), 500, 1000, and 5000 ug/cu m calcium carbonate dust for 3 hours and nasal saccharin transport time (STT), rhinomanometry, and visual analog scales (VAS) on nasal discomfort were obtained. A dose dependent decrease of STT (P = 0.02) and nasal patency (P = 0.04), and increased sensation of nasal obstruction (P = 0.002) and dryness (P = 0.03) was observed. The results indicate that acute exposure to low-toxicity particulate matter in concentrations frequently encountered in western agglomeration areas may affect nasal functions and cause nasal symptoms.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Admin of calcium carbonate promotes positive phosphate balance; plasma phosphate concn may or may not be incr, but hyperphosphatemia is usual finding in patients with milk-alkali syndrome.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... Enough is absorbed to cause systemic and renal effects ... a slight-to-moderate metabolic alkalosis occurs during treatment with CaCO3, but it is slow to develop.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ When phosphate intake is low /during chronic calcium carbonate admin/, hypophosphatemia may occur. Hypercalciuria and alkaluria predispose to nephrolithiasis.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for CALCIUM CARBONATE (27 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Certification of this color additive when used as a color additive in drugs is not necessary for the protection of the public health, and therefore batches thereof are exempt from the certification pursuant to section 721(c) of the act.

An ingredient whose use in food or food packaging is subject to a prior sanction or approval within the meaning of section 201(s)(4) of the Act is exempt from classification as a food additive. ... Substances classified as stabilizers, when migrating from food-packaging material shall include: ... calcium carbonate.

Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS).

Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: calcium carbonate is included in antidiarrheal drug products.

For more FDA Requirements (Complete) data for CALCIUM CARBONATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Residues of calcium carbonate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Use: solid diluent, carrier.

Residues of calcium carbonate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to animals. Use: solid diluent, carrier.

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism

A - Alimentary tract and metabolism

QA - Alimentary tract and metabolism

QA - Alimentary tract and metabolism

Infants: 201 mg/day /for/ 0 to 6 mo /and/ 270 mg/day /for/ 7 to 12 mo. Children: 500 mg/day /for/ 1 to 3 yr and 800 mg/day /for/ 4 to 8 yr. Adults: 1,300 mg/day /for/ 9 to 18 yr, 1000 mg/day /for/ 19 to 50 yr /and/ 1200 mg/day /for above/ 51 yr. /During/ pregnancy /and/ lactation: 1300 mg/day /for/ 14 to 18 yr /and/ 1000 mg/day /for/ 19 to 50 yr. /Adequate Intakes (AIs) of calcium/

Requirements for all vitamins and most minerals are increased during breast-feeding. /Calcium supplements/

Anthropogenic CO2 is reducing the pH and altering the carbonate chemistry of seawater, with repercussions for marine organisms and ecosystems. Current research suggests that calcification will decrease in many species, but compelling evidence of impaired functional performance of calcium carbonate structures is sparse, particularly in key species. Here we demonstrate that ocean acidification markedly degrades the mechanical integrity of larval shells in the mussel Mytilus californianus, a critical community member on rocky shores throughout the northeastern Pacific. Larvae cultured in seawater containing CO2 concentrations expected by the year 2100 (540 or 970 ppm) precipitated weaker, thinner and smaller shells than individuals raised under present-day seawater conditions (380 ppm), and also exhibited lower tissue mass. Under a scenario where mussel larvae exposed to different CO2 levels develop at similar rates, these trends suggest a suite of potential consequences, including an exacerbated vulnerability of new settlers to crushing and drilling attacks by predators; poorer larval condition, causing increased energetic stress during metamorphosis; and greater risks from desiccation at low tide due to shifts in shell area to body mass ratios. Under an alternative scenario where responses derive exclusively from slowed development, with impacted individuals reaching identical milestones in shell strength and size by settlement, a lengthened larval phase could increase exposure to high planktonic mortality rates. In either case, because early life stages operate as population bottlenecks, driving general patterns of distribution and abundance, the ecological success of this vital species may be tied to how ocean acidification proceeds in coming decades.

Ocean acidification is a pervasive stressor that could affect many marine organisms and cause profound ecological shifts. A variety of biological responses to ocean acidification have been measured across a range of taxa, but this information exists as case studies and has not been synthesized into meaningful comparisons amongst response variables and functional groups. /The authors/ used meta-analytic techniques to explore the biological responses to ocean acidification, and found negative effects on survival, calcification, growth and reproduction. However, there was significant variation in the sensitivity of marine organisms. Calcifying organisms generally exhibited larger negative responses than non-calcifying organisms across numerous response variables, with the exception of crustaceans, which calcify but were not negatively affected. Calcification responses varied significantly amongst organisms using different mineral forms of calcium carbonate. Organisms using one of the more soluble forms of calcium carbonate (high-magnesium calcite) can be more resilient to ocean acidification than less soluble forms (calcite and aragonite). Additionally, there was variation in the sensitivities of different developmental stages, but this variation was dependent on the taxonomic group. /These/ analyses suggest that the biological effects of ocean acidification are generally large and negative, but the variation in sensitivity amongst organisms has important implications for ecosystem responses.

For more Bionecessity (Complete) data for CALCIUM CARBONATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Gastric-peptic disease occurs as a result of an imbalance between protective factors, such as mucus, bicarbonate, and prostaglandin secretion, and aggressive factors, such as hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>). Antacids work by restoring acid-base balance, attenuating the pepsin activity and increasing bicarbonate and prostaglandin secretion. The acid-neutralizing capacity of calcium carbonate is 58 mEq/15 ml. When used as a nutritional supplement, calcium carbonate acts by directly increasing calcium stores within the body.

Calcium carbonate is a basic inorganic salt that acts by neutralizing hydrochloric acid in gastric secretions. It also inhibits the action of pepsin by increasing the pH and via adsorption. Cytoprotective effects may occur through increases in bicarbonate ion (HCO₃^-) and prostaglandins. Neutralization of hydrochloric acid results in the formation of calcium chloride, carbon dioxide and water. Approximately 90% of calcium chloride is converted to insoluble calcium salts (e.g. calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate).

None.

After ingestion /of CaCO3 tablets/, it is converted to sol calcium salts in stomach, and calcium is thereby made available for absorption.

Cadmium is absorbed from oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. Cadmium initially binds to metallothionein and albumin and is transported mainly to the kidney and liver. Toxic effects are observed once the concentration of cadmium exceeds that of available metallothionein, and it has also been shown that the cadmium-metallothionein complex may be damaging. Cadmium is not known to undergo any direct metabolic conversion and is excreted unchanged, mainly in the urine. (L6)

ANTACID TABLETS

Cations, Divalent [CS]; Calcium [CS]; Phosphate Chelating Activity [MoA]; Phosphate Binder [EPC]; Blood Coagulation Factor [EPC]; Increased Coagulation Factor Activity [PE]

CALCIUM ANTACID

Cations, Divalent [CS]; Calcium [CS]; Increased Coagulation Factor Activity [PE]; Blood Coagulation Factor [EPC]

CALCIUM CARBONATE

Increased Coagulation Factor Activity [PE]; Blood Coagulation Factor [EPC]; Phosphate Binder [EPC]; Phosphate Chelating Activity [MoA]; Calcium [CS]; Cations, Divalent [CS]

Maximal absorption occurs at doses of 500 mg or less taken with food. Oral bioavailability depends on intestinal pH, the presence of food and dosage.

Excreted mainly in the feces. The majority of renally filtered calcium is reabsorbed in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle and the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. Also secreted by sweat glands.

Calcium is rapidly distributed taken up by skeletal tissues following absorption and distribution into extracellular fluids. Bone contains 99% of the body's calcium and the remaining 1% is approximately equally distributed between intracellular and extracellular fluids.

Calcium absorption is best when a person consumes no more than 500 mg at one time. So a person who takes 1,000 mg/day of calcium from supplements, for example, should split the dose rather than take it all at once.

Amount of calcium absorbed from calcium carbonate is usually stated to be 10%, but ... depends upon amount of gastric acid; in 1 study, 0-2% of single 2 g dose was ... absorbed in achlorhydric persons, 9-16% in normal subjects, and 11-37% in patients with peptic ulcer ...

Fraction absorbed seems to be nearly the same when CaCO3 is given chronically in daily doses of 20 g /as when it is given in single 2 g dose/. ... Amount absorbed probably reaches a plateau at a dose of about 20 g.

CIR ingredient: Calcium Carbonate

Calcium carbonate occurs in nature as limestone, chalk, marble, dolomite, aragonite, calcite and oyster shells. [NIOSH] Natural calcium carbonate can be found in the minerals calcite and aragonite (limestone, chalk, and marble). [Harber, p. 354] Calcium carbonate is used in the manufacture of quicklime, Portland cement, and paints. Pharmaceutical grades are used in cosmetics, foods, and drugs. [ACGIH] Used in paints, rubber, plastics, ceramics, polishes, inks, pharmaceuticals, adhesives, etc. [CHEMINFO] Used for whiting in glassblowing; [www.ci.tucson.az.us/arthazards/medium.html]

Smelting Copper or Lead [Category: Industry]

Glassblowing [Category: Hobbies]

Mesh Heading: Antacids

For calcium carbonate (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 073502) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Major contaminants: magnesium carbonate and silica

Both natural ground and precipitated calcium carbonate can contain low levels of impurities that are regulated. The impurities depend on the source of material, processing, and the final grade. Impurities are typically trace metals and naturally occurring minerals.

2023: 4,000,000,000 - <5,500,000,000 lb

(1972) 2X10+11 GRAMS (PRECIPITATED)

(1975) 4.03X10+11 GRAMS (PRECIPITATED)

Market for fine products (97%, <45 um) is estimated to be 5-9 million tons annually in the U.S.

Production volumes for non-confidential chemicals reported under the Inventory Update Rule.[Table#2464]

For more U.S. Production (Complete) data for CALCIUM CARBONATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

(Pigment grade) (est.) 17% in paint; 17% in plastics; 17% in carpet backing; 17% in putty; 13% in rubber; 19% in other applications, including precipitated calcium carbonate used principally for coating paper (1969)

Derivative: Construction, 72%; Raw Material, 19%; Filler & Extender, 1%; and others, 8% (1982)

The use of calcium carbonate in paint, paper, and plastics make up the principal part of the market.

Reaction of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate or ammonium carbonate

The production of natural ground calcium carbonate starts with the quarrying of a deposit of chalk, limestone, or marble. The best deposits for most industrial applications are those having a high (>90% CaCO3) purity and high brightness. ... The ore is taken to a primary crusher for size reduction and then into the processing plant. The plant process is dependent on the grade of material being made. ... Coarse products that do not require high purity, 90-98% CaCO3, go to secondary crushing. This may be a cone- or jaw-type crusher that produces material minus 4 cm. Final grinding for products down to approximately 5 um median particle size can be done in a roller mill or ball mill. Products finer than 10 um often involve additional processing, usually in a dry ball mill circuit with air classification.

For those grades /of calcium carbonate/ requiring high purity or finer material the process is different. Ideally, the secondary crushing step should reduce the ore to the point where mineral impurities are liberated, typically <100 um, without producing an excess of fines. The material may then be beneficiated through a mineral flotation process in which impurities are floated out. The flotation process produces a higher brightness material that is typically >98% calcium carbonate. ... The flotation product is further ground in a ball mill to produce a product in the 2-50 um particle range. Products having a median particle size less than 2 mm are usually wet ground in media or sand mills, the final product being a slurry that can be shipped after stabilizers and biocides are added, or dried for powdered products.

Precipitated calcium carbonate can be produced by several methods but only the carbonation process is commercially used in the United States. Limestone is calcined in a kiln to obtain carbon dioxide and quicklime. The quicklime is mixed with water to produce a milk-of-lime. Dry hydrated lime can also be used as a feedstock. Carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through the milk-of-lime in a reactor known as a carbonator. Gassing continues until the calcium hydroxide has been converted to the carbonate. The end point can be monitored chemically or by pH measurements. Reaction conditions determine the type of crystal, the size of particles, and the size distribution produced. ... Following carbonation, the product can be further purified by screening. This screening, also used to control the maximum size of the product, is followed by dewatering (qv). Rotary vacuum filters, pressure filters, or centrifuges are used in the mechanical removal of water. Final drying is accomplished as with natural calcium carbonate in either a rotary, spray, or flash dryer. Products having mean particle sizes from submicrometers (~0.03 um) to several micrometers are available.

... Methods of manufacture: (1) As a byproduct in the "Lime soda process"; (2) By precipitation of calcium carbonate from calcium hydroxide in the "Carbonation process"; or (3) By precipitation of calcium carbonate from calcium chloride in the "Calcium chloride process".

Formulations: dispersible, nonwettable.

/Available in/ Filler grades; USP grades; technical grades; high-purity grades; and specialty grades

Found in: Tums, 500 mg; Tums-Extra strength, 750 mg

Both natural ground or precipitated calcium carbonate are available as dry products. Calcium carbonate slurry, primarily used in the paper industry, is typically >70% solids by weight for ground products and 20-50% solids by weight for precipitated. Some grades are surface coated to improve handling and dispersibility in plastics. Agents used for surface treatment used are fatty acids, resins, and wetting agents.

MAALOX QUICK DISSOLVE: 600 mg CaCO3/tablet; CALCIUM RICH ROLAIDS: 80 mg Mg(OH)2 and 412 mg CaCO3/tablet; TUMS EX 750 mg CaCO3 ... /From table/

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Processing Aids and Additives

Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern

Food additives

Food Additives -> ANTICAKING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Food Additives -> ANTICAKING_AGENT -> JECFA Functional Classes

Plastics -> Polymer Type -> Polyolefin-I; PUR; Polyolefin-II; PVC (soft); ABS; PVC (rigid); PET; PMMA; PA; PC; (E)PS

Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing

Carbonic acid calcium salt (1:1): ACTIVE

The principal U.S. producers of ground calcium carbonate are Columbia River Carbonates, ECC International, Franklin Limestone Co., Genstar Stone Products, Georgia Marble, J.M. Huber Corp., Calcium Carbonate Division, James River Limestone Co., Inc., OMYA Inc. (Pluess-Staufer), and Pfizer Inc. The principal U.S. producers of precipitated products are Mississippi Lime Co., and Pfizer Inc.