Emetin, seine Salze undVerbindungen

The following link will take the user to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) Test Agent Search Results page, which tabulates all of the "Standard Toxicology & Carcinogenesis Studies", "Developmental Studies", and "Genetic Toxicity Studies" performed with this chemical. Clicking on the "Testing Status" link will take the user to the status (i.e., in review, in progress, in preparation, on test, completed, etc.) and results of all the studies that the NTP has done on this chemical. /Emetine hydrochloride/ [http://ntp-apps.niehs.nih.gov/ntp_tox/index.cfm?fuseaction=ntpsearch.searchresults&searchterm=316-42-7]

/IT IS/ PRINCIPAL ALKALOID ... OF IPECAC.

By extraction from root of Cephalis ipecacuanha (ipecac) or synthetically.

Principal alkaloid of ipecac, the ground roots of Uragoga ipecacuanha (Brot.) Baill. Rubiaceae.

CARDIOVASCULAR REACTIONS ARE THE MOST SERIOUS AND INCLUDE PRECORDIAL PAIN, DYSPNEA, TACHYCARDIA, HYPOTENSION, GALLOP RHYTHM, CARDIAC DILATATION, CONGESTIVE FAILURE AND DEATH. /EMETINE FORMULATIONS/

ADVERSE REACTIONS /FOLLOWING SC OR IM INJECTION/ ARE OBSERVED IN 50-75% OF INDIVIDUALS TREATED WITH EMETINES. /EMETINE FORMULATIONS/

ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CHANGES ARE THOSE OF CODUCTION DELAY AND CAN BE OF LONG DURATION (AVG, 6 WEEKS). ALTERATIONS INCLUDE WIDENING OF QRS COMPLEX, PROLONGATION OF P-R AND Q-T INTERVALS, CHANGES IN S-T SEGMENT AND FLATTENING OR INVERSION OF T WAVE. ... INJURY TO MYOCARDIUM AND OTHER ORGANS MAY OCCUR.

NAUSEA, VOMITING, & DIARRHEA ... HEADACHE, SKELETAL MUSCLE WEAKNESS, STIFFNESS, PAIN AND MUSCLE WEAKNESS AT SITE OF INJECTION, AS WELL AS ECZEMATOUS, URTICARIAL, OR PURPURIC LESIONS ALSO HAVE BEEN OBSERVED.

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for EMETINE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

DIRECT TOXIC EFFECT OF EMETINE ON CARDIAC MUSCLE HAS BEEN REPEATEDLY DEMONSTRATED IN ANIMALS.

IN ... ANIMALS ... LARGE DOSES PRODUCE ACUTE LESIONS IN HEART, LIVER, KIDNEY, INTESTINAL TRACT, & SKELETAL MUSCLES.

OF THE MAJOR ALKALOIDS OF IPECAC, CEPHAELINE IS SAID TO BE TWICE AS TOXIC AS EMETINE WHEN GIVEN SC IN WHITE RATS ... . /IPECAC/

THE CUMULATIVE NATURE OF EMETINE POISONING WAS NOTED WHEN CATS & RABBITS WERE FOUND TO TOLERATE DOSES OF 1.5-4 MG/KG FOR A FEW DAYS EVEN THOUGH THIS REGIMEN INVARIABLY ENDED FATALLY ... .

For more Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for EMETINE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

IT IS CONTRAINDICATED IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC DISEASE, KIDNEY OR LIVER DAMAGE, IN AGED OR DEBILITATED INDIVIDUALS, IN PREGNANCY, OR IN CHILDREN UNLESS THERE IS SEVERE DYSENTERY.

IN PATIENTS WITH ORGANIC HEART DISEASE, EMETINE SHOULD NOT BE USED UNLESS ... ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY, AS IN CASES OF AMEBIC HEPATITIS OR ABSCESS NOT CONTROLLED BY METRONIDAZOLE OR CHLOROQUINE.

Groups of 35 Sprague Dawley rats of each sex were administered emetine at one of two doses, either 0. 5 or 1 mg/kg body weight, three times per week for 52 weeks, and then observed for an additional 31 or 32 weeks. Control groups of each sex consisted of 10 untreated rats (untreated controls) and 10 rats injected with buffered saline (vehicle controls). ... All surviving rats were killed at 83 or 84 weeks. ...Emetine was toxic to male rats at the high dose ...as shown by the low survival in these groups. Twenty six percent of the high-dose male rats and 69% of the high-dose female rats ... survived to the end of the study. No tumors occurred at a statistically significant incidence in treated rats ... compared with controls; however, it should be noted that in this study, treatment ... was stopped at week 52 and the studies were terminated by week 83, which is earlier than in current bioassays where animals are treated until termination of the studies at 2 years. It is concluded that the results of this study do not allow evaluation of the possible carcinogenicity of emetine.

Groups of 35 B6C3F1 mice of each sex were administered emetine at one of two doses, either 3.2 or 6.4 mg/kg body weight (mid and high dose), three times per wk. Control groups of each sex consisted of 15 untreated mice (untreated controls) and 15 mice injected with buffered saline (vehicle controls). Due to high mortality rates in the initial treated groups, additional groups of 35 mice of each sex were later put on study at 1.6 mg/kg (low dose), together with 10 untreated-control and 10 vehicle control mice of each sex. The high-dose males were treated for 28 wk and the mid and high dose females for 40 and 33 wk, respectively. Mid- and low dose male mice and low-dose female mice were treated for 52 wk, and then observed for an additional 20 or 26 weeks. All surviving mice were killed at 78-83 wk. Emetine was toxic to ... to both sexes of mice at the high and mid doses and to a lesser extent at the low dose, as shown by the low survival in these groups. ... None of the high and mid dose mice of either sex, survived to the end of the study. In the low dose mice, 30/35 males and 21/35 females lived at least 1 yr, and the median time on study was 72 wk for males and 59 weeks for females. No tumors occurred at a statistically significant incidence in treated ... mice compared with controls; however, it should be noted that in this study, treatment ... was stopped at wk 52 and the studies were terminated by wk 83, which is earlier than in current bioassays where animals aretreated until termination of the studies at 2 yr. In addition, there was poor survival among the treated mice. It is concluded that the results of this study do not allow evaluation of the possible carcinogenicity of emetine.

Manufacturers, packers, and distributors of drug and drug products for human use are responsible for complying with the labeling, certification, and usage requirements as prescribed by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended (secs 201-902, 52 Stat. 1040 et seq., as amended; 21 U.S.C. 321-392).

MEDICATION (VET)

MEDICATION

... GROUND IPECAC ... MIXED WITH AMMONIA ... EXTRACTED WITH ETHER ... ALKALOIDS ARE EXTRACTED WITH DILUTE ACID ... NEUTRALIZED WITH SODIUM HYDROXIDE ... EMETINE ... /EXTRACTED/ WITH ETHER ... .

SYNTHESIS FROM HEXAHYDROGALLIC ACID; FROM 2-OXOBENZO[A]QUINOLIZINE.

By extraction from root of Cephalis ipecacuanha (ipecac) or synthetically.

Ampules, 65 mg. /Emetine hydrochloride/

... Emetine account/s/ for 0.7 mg/ml of syrup /of ipecac/ ... .

GENERIC: SOLUTION /FOR INJECTION/: SOLN 65 MG/ML IN 1 ML CONTAINERS. /EMETINE HYDROCHLORIDE/