Zinkbromid

4.22 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink

4.3 g/cu cm

4.3 @25 °C

1 G SOL IN 0.25 ML H2O; 1 G SOL IN 0.5 ML 90% ALCOHOL

VERY SOL IN ETHANOL; SOL IN ETHER

457.399 lb/100 lb water at 70 °F

471 g/100g water @ 25 °C

697 °C

697 °C @760 [mm Hg]

394 °C

394 °C

Zinc bromide appears as a white crystalline noncombustible solid. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. It is used in medicine, in photography.

Liquid

White hygroscopic solid; [Hawley] White odorless crystalline solid;

Danger

H302 (69%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]

P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P272, P273, P280, P301+P317, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P317, P321, P330, P333+P317, P362+P364, P363, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Aggregated GHS information provided per 381 reports by companies from 15 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Chemical: Zinc bromide (ZnBr2)

Zinc bromide (ZnBr2) is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Zinc bromide (ZnBr2) are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 06-07-2018 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/14125

Zinc bromide, anhydrous: Does not have an individual approval but may be used under an appropriate group standard

The New Jersey Worker and Community Right to Know Act requires public and private employers to provide information about hazardous substances at their workplaces. (N.J.S.A. 34:5A-1 et. seq.)

Inhalation of dust may irritate nose and throat. Ingestion can cause irritation or corrosion of the alimentary tract; if large amount is swallowed and not thrown up, drowsiness and other symptoms of bromide poisoning may occur. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation. (USCG, 1999)

A skin, eye, nose, and throat irritant; [HSDB] Corrosive to skin and eyes; [eChemPortal: ERMA] A corrosive substance that can cause injury to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; Inhalation may cause chemical pneumonitis; [MSDSonline] See Bromine. See Zinc.

Zinc and Health. Current Bibliographies in Medicine 98-3. Public Services Division/National Library of Medicine. 3619 citations January, 1990-June, 1998. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/archive/20040831/pubs/cbm/zinc.html as of November 2, 1998.

USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Zinc (1980) EPA 400/5-80-079

USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Zinc (1987) EPA 400/5-87-003

Arvidson, B. A Review of Axonal Transport of Metals. Toxicology 88: 1-14 (19994) Recent findings regarding axonal transport of metals, including zinc.

For more Special Reports (Complete) data for ZINC BROMIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Acidic inorganic salts, such as ZINC BROMIDE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions.

Zinc bromide

Marine pollutant

Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be contained with a flexible impermeable membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.

Environmental considerations: Water spill: Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone, or sodium bicarbonate. Add soda ash. Adjust pH to neutral (pH 7). Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Keep material out of water sources and sewers.

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

2.1 [mg/m3]

23 [mg/m3]

140 [mg/m3]

EYES: irrigate opened eyes for several minutes under running water. INGESTION: do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water (never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person). Seek immediate medical advice. SKIN: should be treated immediately by rinsing the affected parts in cold running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by thorough washing with soap and water. If necessary, the person should shower and change contaminated clothing and shoes, and then must seek medical attention. INHALATION: supply fresh air. If required provide artificial respiration.

Chronic exposure to zinc causes anemia, atazia, lethargy, and decreases the level of good cholesterol in the body. It is also believed to cause pancreatic and reproductive damage. Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. (L625, L626, L627, L49)

Anaemia results from the excessive absorption of zinc suppressing copper and iron absorption, most likely through competitive binding of intestinal mucosal cells. Unbalanced levels of copper and zinc binding to Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase has been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Stomach acid dissolves metallic zinc to give corrosive zinc chloride, which can cause damage to the stomach lining. Metal fume fever is thought to be an immune response to inhaled zinc. Bromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In additon, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. (L626, L627, A543, L48, L49, A49)

Ingestion of large doses of zinc causes stomach cramps, nausea, and vomiting. Acute inhalation of large amounts of zinc causes metal fume fever, which is characterized by chills, fever, headache, weakness, dryness of the nose and throat, chest pain, and coughing. Dermal contact with zinc results in skin irritation. Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Symptoms include lacrimation, rhinorrhoea, eye irritation with mucous secretions from the oropharyngeal and upper airways, coughing, dyspnoea, choking, wheezing, epistaxis, and headache. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant producing ataxia, slurred speech, tremor, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, visual disturbances, unsteadiness, headaches, impaired memory and concentration, disorientation and hallucinations. This is called bromism. (L626, L627, L49)

LOW TOXICITY.

The systemic effects of bromide ion are chiefly mental: drowsiness, irriability, ataxia, vertigo, confusion, mania, hallucinations, & coma. Other effects include skin rashes, neurological signs, sensory disturbances, and incr spinal fluid pressures. /Bromide salts/

A blood level of 125 mg/100 ml is regarded as the minimal intoxicating level. /Bromide salts/

Acute oral poisoning is rare because single doses are usually promptly rejected by vomiting, but 1 oz has been swallowed and adsorbed sufficiently to cause death. /Bromide salts/

For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for ZINC BROMIDE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Bromine, methyl bromide, and related compounds/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider vasopressors to treat hypotension without signs of hypovolemia ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Bromine, methyl bromide, and related compounds/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

Designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977 and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance.

Toxic pollutant designated pursuant to section 307(a)(1) of the Clean Water Act and is subject to effluent limitations. /Zinc and compounds/

For total recoverable zinc the criterion to protect freshwater aquatic life ... is 47 ng/l as a 24 hr average ... at hardnesses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/l as CaCO3 the concentration of total recoverable zinc should not exceed 180, 320, 570 ug/l at any time. /Soluble zinc salts/

For total recoverable zinc the criterion to protect saltwater aquatic life ... is 58 ug/l as a 24 hr average and the concentration should not exceed 170 ug/l at any time. /Soluble zinc salts/

(AZ) ARIZONA 5000 ug/l /Zinc/

(MN) MINNESOTA 2000 ug/l /Zinc/

EPA 5000 ug/l /Zinc/

EPA 2000 ug/l /Zinc, Lifetime health advisory/

Zinc can enter the body through the lungs, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal absorption of zinc is controlled by zinc carrier protein CRIP. Zinc also binds to metallothioneins, which help prevent absorption of excess zinc. Zinc is widely distributed and found in all tissues and tissues fluids, concentrating in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, skin, lung, brain, heart, and pancreas. In the bloodstream zinc is found bound to carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytes, as well as bound to albumin, _2-macroglobulin, and amino acids in the the plasma. Albumin and amino acid bound zinc can diffuse across tissue membranes. Zinc is excreted in the urine and faeces. Bromine is mainly absorbed via inhalation, but may also enter the body through dermal contact. Bromine salts can be ingested. Due to its reactivity, bromine quickly forms bromide and may be deposited in the tissues, displacing other halogens. (L626, L49)

ZINCUM BROMATUM

Decreased Copper Ion Absorption [PE]; Copper Absorption Inhibitor [EPC]

FOLLOWING ORAL ADMIN, BROMIDE SALTS ARE RAPIDLY ABSORBED FROM LOWER PART OF SMALL INTESTINE. WHEN USED AS SEDATIVE IN ADULTS, THERAPEUTICALLY EFFECTIVE BLOOD LEVEL OF BROMIDES IS 0.5-0.6...(MEQ)/LITER. ... BROMIDE IS WIDELY DISTRIBUTED THROUGHOUT EXTRACELLULAR FLUIDS INCLUDING SECRETIONS & TRANSUDATES. /BROMIDES/

...BROMIDES CROSS THE PLACENTA. RENAL EXCRETION OF BROMIDE IS VERY SLOW. BIOLOGIC HALF-LIFE OF BROMIDE IS ABOUT 12 DAYS IN PT WITH NORMAL CHLORIDE INTAKE. MAX ACCUM DOES NOT OCCUR FOR APPROX 2 MO. LOW CHLORIDE INTAKE FACILITATES ACCUM OF BROMIDE BY REDUCING ITS URINARY EXCRETION. /BROMIDES/

ALTHOUGH RENAL EXCRETION OF BROMIDE IS SIMILAR TO THAT OF CHLORIDE, TUBULAR REABSORPTION OF BROMIDE IS MORE EFFICIENT THAN THAT OF CHLORIDE & THUS KIDNEYS EXCRETE CHLORIDE PREFERENTIALLY TO BROMIDE. ... SMALL AMT OF BROMIDE ARE EXCRETED IN SWEAT & FECES. /BROMIDES/

FOLLOWING ORAL ADMIN, BROMIDE SALTS ARE RAPIDLY ABSORBED FROM LOWER PART OF SMALL INTESTINE. WHEN USED AS SEDATIVE IN ADULTS, THERAPEUTICALLY EFFECTIVE BLOOD LEVEL OF BROMIDES IS 0.5-0.6...(MEQ)/LITER. ... BROMIDE IS WIDELY DISTRIBUTED THROUGHOUT EXTRACELLULAR FLUIDS INCLUDING SECRETIONS & TRANSUDATES. /BROMIDES/

For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for ZINC BROMIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Used to make silver bromide emulsions ( photography), rayon, batteries, and viewing windows for nuclear reactions; Also used as an absorbent in humidity control, to increase the density of drilling muds, and as an activating agent in the production of activated carbon; [HSDB]

Petroleum Production and Refining [Category: Industry]

MAKING SILVER BROMIDE COLLODION EMULSIONS FOR PHOTOGRAPHY; IN THE SHIELDING OF VIEWING WINDOWS FOR NUCLEAR REACTIONS

Manufacture of rayon, photographic emulsions. A solution of 80% zinc bromide is used as a radiation viewing shield.

AN ABSORBENT IN HUMIDITY CONTROL

IS A SOLUBLE SALT USED TO INCREASE THE DENSITY OF DRILLING MUDS AND WORK-OVER AND COMPLETION FLUIDS

INTERACTION OF SOLUTIONS OF BARIUM BROMIDE & ZINC SULFATE, WITH SUBSEQUENT CRYSTALLIZATION.

MANUFACTURED EITHER BY DIRECT REDUCTION OF BR WITH ZINC OR BY REACTION OF ZINC CARBONATE OR OXIDE WITH HYDROBROMIC ACID.

USUALLY CONTAINS AT LEAST 97% ZINC BROMIDE, REMAINDER BEING CHIEFLY WATER.

COMMONLY MARKETED AS AN 80% SOLUTION IN WATER

Zinc bromide optical grade soln: a 77% aq soln

Grades or purity: Technical, 98+%

For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for ZINC BROMIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing

Zinc bromide (ZnBr2): ACTIVE