2,3-Xylenol

Other Classes -> Phenols

Other Classes -> Phenols

log Kow ranges from 2.23 to 2.61

2.48

2.23/2.36

2.48

White, crystalline solid; Specific gravity: 1.02-1.03 @ 15 °C

Saturated liquid density= 63.180 lb/cu ft at 70 °F

Saturated vapor density= 0.00577 lb/cu ft at 220 °F

1.02-1.13 g/cm³

White crystalline solid

Light yellowish brown solid or liquid

White, crystalline solid; Specific gravity: 1.02-1.03 @ 15 °C

Needles from water or dilute alcohol

less than 1 mg/mL at 73 °F (NTP, 1992)

Freely sol in alcohol, chloroform, ether, benzene; sol in sodium hydroxide soln; slightly sol in water.

Sol in ethyl alcohol, ethyl ether

In water, 4.57X10+3 mg/l @ 25 °C.

Very sol in benzene, chloroform

4.57 mg/mL at 25 °C

186 °F (CLOSED CUP)

61-95 °C c.c.

Danger

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P260, P262, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Danger

H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]

P260, P262, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P316, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P302+P361+P354, P304+P340, P305+P354+P338, P316, P321, P330, P361+P364, P363, P391, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement)

Chemical: Phenol, 2,3-dimethyl-

Chemical: Phenol, dimethyl-

Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 (Repealed by Com. Implementing Reg. (EU) No 872/2012)

Phenol, 2,3-dimethyl- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Phenol, 2,3-dimethyl- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Phenol, dimethyl- is listed on the EPA's Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) system. Manufacturers and importers of Phenol, dimethyl- are required to report information about their production and use of this chemical to the EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). (40 eCFR Part 711)

Status: Active Update: 18-12-2021 https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/17493

IMAP assessments - Xylenols: Human health tier II assessment

IMAP assessments - Xylenols: Human health tier II assessment

Flash point data for this chemical are not available. It is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

Combustible. Finely dispersed particles form explosive mixtures in air.

SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include burning sensation, coughing, wheezing, laryngitis, and shortness of breath. Other symptoms may include severe irritation or burning of the eyes and skin; irritation of the respiratory system; dizziness, stomach pain, exhaustion, and coma. It can cause headaches, nausea, and vomiting. It can also cause corrosion of the mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract, skin, and eyes. Inhalation may be fatal as a result of spasm, inflammation and edema of the larynx and bronchi; chemical pneumonitis; and pulmonary edema. Chronic exposure may cause liver or kidney damage.

Corrosive to skin; [Quick CPC] There are six isomers with melting points ranging from 25.4 to 75 degrees Celsius; [Merck Index] Corrosive to skin and eyes; A respiratory tract irritant; [ICSC] The commercial product of mixed isomers (WES 297) is an undefined mixture of xylenols (22.5%), phenol, cresols, ethylphenols, and higher boiling alkyl phenols; No commercial product is specifically assigned to CAS# 1300-71-6; [EPA ChAMP] As the six dimethylphenol isomers and the mixed isomer substance are generally similar in toxicity, a common TLV for these substances is appropriate. . . . In mice, oral exposure to 250 mg/kg/day produced changes in blood parameters including statistically significant decreases in mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (4 and 3% reduction in mean values, respectively. . . . Available data on skin sensitization from exposure to dimethylphenol are mixed but warrant the addition of a DSEN notation. . . . All six dimethylphenol isomers were tested in a mouse local lymph node assay and the results found 2.4, 2,5, and 3,4-dimethylphenol to be positive for skin sensitization. There are no epidemiology studies. In a case report, ingestion of about 250 ml of a mixture of dimethylphenol isomers resulted in CNS depression, hypotension, and death. [ACGIH]

Commercial mixtures are toxic by ingestion and skin absorption; [HSDB] Corrosive to tissues; Inhalation may cause laryngeal spasm, edema of the bronchi, and chemical pneumonitis; May cause injury to liver and kidneys; [CAMEO] May cause burns; [eChemPortal: ESIS] A corrosive substance that can cause injury to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; Inhalation may cause chemical pneumonitis; May be absorbed through skin; [MSDSonline] As the six dimethylphenol isomers and the mixed isomer substance are generally similar in toxicity, a common TLV for these substances is appropriate. . . . In mice, oral exposure to 250 mg/kg/day produced changes in blood parameters including statistically significant decreases in mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (4 and 3% reduction in mean values, respectively. . . . Available data on skin sensitization from exposure to dimethylphenol are mixed but warrant the addition of a DSEN notation. . . . All six dimethylphenol isomers were tested in a mouse local lymph node assay and the results found 2.4, 2,5, and 3,4-dimethylphenol to be positive for skin sensitization. There are no epidemiology studies. In a case report, ingestion of about 250 ml of a mixture of dimethylphenol isomers resulted in CNS depression, hypotension, and death. [ACGIH] See Phenol.

Environmental Protection Agency EPA-440/5-80-055 (1980). Ambient water quality criteria for 2,4-dimethylphenol.

EPA EPA/600/8-88/031 p.30 (1987). Health effects assessment for dimethylphenols.

Center for Chemical Hazard Assessment SCR TR 81-527 (1981). Information profiles on potential occupational hazards: xylenols.

Tucker JD et al; Mutat Res 297 (2): 101-80 (1993). Sister-chromatid exchange: second report of the Gene-Tox Program.

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Dimethyl phenol is included on this list.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Xylenol (unspec. or mixed from xyleno 086804) is found on List D. Case No: 4098; Pesticide type: Fungicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: RED Approved 09/94; OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document .; Active ingredient (AI): Xylenol (unspec. or mixed from xyleno 086804); AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

Use water spray, powder, alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide.

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Rest. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention .

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Use water in flooding quantities as fog; cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water; apply water from as far a distance as possible; solid stream of water may be ineffective; use alcohol foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Environmental considerations- land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material; /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.

Environmental considerations- water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel if dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concn, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amt; remove trapped material with suction hoses; use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Environmental considerations- air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material. Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Chemical Treatability of Dimethylphenol; Concentration Process: Activated carbon; Chemical Classification: Phenols; Scale of Study: Continuous flow, Pilot Scale: Type of Wastewater Used: Hazardous material spill; Results of Study: 99.6% reduction with 8.5 minute contact time (250,000 gallon spill treated by EPA mobile treatment trailer).

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

A NEW ENZYMATIC METHOD WAS DEVELOPED FOR THE REMOVAL OF PHENOLS AND ANILINES FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS, INVOLVING THE TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS CONTAINING THE POLLUTANTS WITH HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE. SUCH TREATMENT RESULTS IN PRECIPITATION OF PHENOLS AND AROMATIC AMINES FROM WATER AS A RESULT OF THEIR ENZYMATIC CROSSLINKING. THE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY FOR 2,3-DIMETHYLPHENOL WAS 99.7%.

Chemical Treatability of 2,3-Dimethylphenol; Concentration Process: Biological treatment; Chemical Classification: Phenols; Scale of Study: Unknown; Type of Wastewater Used: Pure compound (one solute in a solvent); Results of Study: 95.5% reduction based on chemical oxygen demand; rate of biodegradation 35 mg chemical oxygen demand/g hr (activated sludge process).

Remove all ignition sources. Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away; keep material out of water sources and sewers; build dikes to contain flow as necessary.

Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors or dusts; do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment; wash away any material that may have contacted the body with copious amt of water or soap and water.

Urine from 35 varnishing workers in six different workplaces contained dimethyl phenols (mean/SD) 2,4-dimethyl phenol (3.8/3.0 mg/l), 2,3-dimethyl phenol (0.5/0.5 mg/l), and 3,4-dimethyl phenol (0.8/0.5 mg/l). These dimethyl phenols are metabolites of aromatic components of the varnish.

Urine samples of 35 varnishing workers in six different workplaces contained 2,3-dimethylphenol (0.5 mg/l). The source of this dimethylphenol is probably due to the metabolism of original aromatic components of the varnish(1).

LC50 Daphnia magna (cladoceran) 150 mg/l/24 hr /Static bioassay/

LC50 Cypinus carpio (carp) 5.0-10.0 mg/l/48 hr /Static renewal bioassay/

LC50 Daphnia magna (cladoceran) 16.0 mg/l/48 hr /Static bioassay/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc range of 390-630(SRC), determined from log Kows ranging from 2.23 to 2.61 for the individual isomers(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that dimethylphenol is expected to have low to moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of dimethylphenol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given estimated(4) and experimental(5,6) Henry's Law constants ranging from 1.2X10-6 to 1.7X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC). Dimethylphenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon the vapor pressure of the individual isomers, 0.036-0.27 mm Hg(5).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc range of 390-630(SRC), determined from log Kows ranging from 2.23 to 2.61 for the individual isomers(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that dimethylphenol is expected to adsorb (or adsorb very little) to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon estimated(4) and experimental(5,6) Henry's Law constants ranging from 1.2X10-6 to 1.7X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC). Volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake range from 3-34 days and 46-250 days, respectively(SRC), using an estimation method(3). According to a classification scheme(7), estimated BCFs ranging from 29 to 57 for the individual isomers(3,SRC), from experimental log Kows(2) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Dimethylphenol may also biodegrade in aerobic waters.

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dimethylphenol, whose isomers have vapor pressures ranging from 0.036-0.27 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dimethylphenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be approximately 3 to 6 hours(SRC) from the rate constants of its individual isomers(3). Night-time degradation of dimethylphenol in urban areas may also occur through the reaction with atmospheric nitrate radicals by analogy to other alkyl-substituted phenols(4). Dimethylphenol may directly photolyze because it absorbs light in the environmental UV spectrum(5,6).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 630(2), indicates that 2,3-dimethylphenol is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2,3-dimethylphenol from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.1X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), determined from its vapor pressure of 0.089 mm Hg(4) and water solubility of 4570 mg/l(5). 2,3-Dimethylphenol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon a its vapor pressure(3). 2,3-Dimethylphenol has been reported to degrade from soil in 19 days at a temperature of 19 °C(6). Biodegradation under anaerobic conditions failed to occur after 24 days in one study using a river sediment inoculum(7), and only 15% biodegradation occurred after 8 weeks in another study using a contaminated groundwater digester(8).

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 630(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that 2,3-dimethylphenol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). 2,3-Dimethylphenol is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.1X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), determined from its vapor pressure of 0.089 mm Hg(4) and water solubility of 4570 mg/l(5). Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 13 days and 98 days, respectively(3,SRC). However, this model underestimates the volatilization half-life of 2,3-dimethylphenol since it does not take into account the effects of adsorption. The estimated Koc of 630(2) suggests that volatilization could be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediments in water(SRC). This is apparent from the results of two EXAMS model runs, one in which the effect of adsorption was considered (half-life = 470 days in model pond) and one in which adsorption was ignored (half-life = 140 days in model pond)(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 57(3,SRC), from an estimated log Kow(8,SRC), suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). In humic waters, degradation by the reaction with peroxy radicals should ensue with a half-life on the order of hours(9). 2,3-Dimethylphenol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3). Screening studies indicate 95.5% chemical oxygen demand loss was obtained after 5 days using an adapted sludge seed(10) and 42.8% theoretical oxygen demand was obtained from a coal gasification waste water feed and an acclimated sludge seed after 10 days(11). In addition, it has been reported that 2,3-dimethylphenol was readily degraded in St. Lawrence River water(12). Biodegradation under anaerobic conditions failed to occur after 24 days in one study using a river sediment inoculum(13), and only 15% degradation occurred after 8 weeks in another study using a contaminated groundwater digester(14).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,3-dimethylphenol, which has a vapor pressure of 0.089 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,3-dimethylphenol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 4.8 hours(SRC) from its rate constant of 8.02X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Atmospheric dimethylphenols are known to be removed by rainwater(4). 2,3-Dimethylphenol has an absorption band at 271 nm (water), and a shoulder may extend over 290 nm, thus making it a candidate for direct photochemical degradation(5,6). Night-time degradation in urban areas should occur rapidly through reaction with atmospheric nitrate radicals, as rate constants for this reaction with phenolic compounds are approximately 250 times faster than with hydroxyl radicals(7,SRC).

The dimethyl phenols have been identified as volatile flavor components of the Japanese dried food, Bonito(1), and bacon(2).

2,3-Dimethylphenol was identified as a volatile flavor component of the Japanese dried food, Bonito(1).

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin

Cough. Dizziness. Headache.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Burning sensation. Redness. Skin burns.

Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.

Burning sensation. Abdominal pain. Nausea. Vomiting. Diarrhoea. Dizziness. Headache. Shock or collapse.

Dimethylphenol has been found in industrial effluents and specific isomers have been quantified(1-3). The isomers of dimethylphenol have been found in wastewater samples obtained from gasification of Indiana Head lignite at the following concns (ppm): 2,3- (40), 2,4- and 2,5- combined (358), 2,6- (12), 3,4- (158), and 3,5- in combination with 3- and 4-ethylphenol (968)(1). Dimethylphenol is a component of refinery effluent(2). Dimethylphenol was identified in the acid fraction of effluent from a dissolved air flotation unit at a Class B refinery, at a concn of 16 ppb(3).

Dimethylphenol was identified in 1 of 3 New Jersey POTW effluents, date not provided, at a estimated concn of 7 ppb(1). It was qualitatively detected in the effluent of a sewage tratment plant in Vancouver, BC, 1983(2). The leachate from municipal landfils in Japan were found to contain dimethylphenol(3).

2,3-Dimethylphenol was identified in Los Angeles County effluent (1980-81) at 40 ug/l(1). 2,3-Dimethylphenol was also identified as a component of the acid fraction of effluent samples from SOHIO's Toledo, OH refinery in December 1976, at 16 ng/g; in the effluent treatment, 99% of 2,3-dimethylphenol was removed by activated sludge(2).

Koc values ranging from approximately 370-630 were estimated using log Kows ranging from 2.23 to 2.61 for the individual isomers(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc range suggests that dimethylphenol is expected to have moderate to low mobility in soil.

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for 2,3-dimethylphenol can be estimated to be about 630(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,3-dimethylphenol is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC).

DIMETHYLPHENOLS OCCUR IN CRUDE PETROLEUM.

Dimethyphenol is a constituent of coal(1). It has also been found in tobacco(2,3) and marijuana mainstream smoke(2), and black tea(4).

Dimethylphenols, of which 2,3-dimethylphenol is an isomer, are present in the essential oils of various conifers, in tea, in tobacco and tobacco smoke, in roasted coffee and in various smoked foods(1).

Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers, and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. Dimethyl phenol is included on this list.

As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Xylenol (unspec. or mixed from xyleno 086804) is found on List D. Case No: 4098; Pesticide type: Fungicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: RED Approved 09/94; OPP has made a decision that some/all uses of the pesticide are eligible for reregistration, as reflected in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document .; Active ingredient (AI): Xylenol (unspec. or mixed from xyleno 086804); AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Xylenol is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

2,3-DIMETHYLPHENOL YIELDS 3,4-DIMETHYLCATECHOL, 2,3-DIMETHYLPHENYL-BETA-D-GLUCURONIDE, AND 2,3-DIMETHYLPHENYL SULFATE AS METABOLITES IN THE RABBIT. /FROM TABLE/

HYDROXYLATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS WAS STUDIED FOLLOWING THEIR ORAL ADMINISTRATION TO RATS THAT ALSO RECEIVED A PURIFIED DIET CONTAINING NEOMYCIN TO REDUCE THE LEVELS OF NORMALLY OCCURRING SIMPLE URINARY PHENOLS. PHENOLIC METABOLITES WERE QUANTITATIVELY ESTIMATED IN HYDROLYZED URINE SAMPLES BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY. O-XYLENE ADMINISTERED AT A DOSE OF 100 MG/KG WAS METABOLIZED TO 3,4-DIMETHYLPHENOL TO THE EXTENT OF 0.1% OF THE DOSE GIVEN AND VERY SMALL AMOUNTS OF 2,3-DIMETHYLPHENOL.

FOUR PERSONS WERE EXPOSED TO XYLENES. 2,3- AND 3,4-XYLENOL WERE OBSERVED IN THE URINE OF THOSE EXPOSED TO O-XYLENE; 2,4-XYLENOL WAS OBSERVED AFTER M-XYLENE AND 2,5-XYLENOL AFTER P-XYLENE.

3,4-Dimethylphenol is a known human metabolite of o-xylene.

Associations between o-cresol, p-cresol, m-cresol, 2,4-xylenol, 2,5-xylenol, 3,4-xylenol, and 3,5-xylenol exposure levels and urinary phenol excretion were examined in the coke facility industry. The subjects consisted of 76 exposed workers employed in the tar distillation process and 34 controls. ... Urinary metabolite levels were corrected for specific gravity and creatinine. The time weighted average exposure concentrations in the breathing zones of the tar distillation workers were ... 0.02 to 0.04 mg/cu m for xylenols. ... The urinary xylenol levels of exposed workers ranged from 0.12 to 0.97 mg/l with specific gravity correction. In control urine samples, the specific gravity corrected xylenol concentrations ranged from 25 x 10(-3) to 43 x 10(-3) mg/l. Significant correlations were observed between the ambient levels and urinary concentrations of phenol, o-cresol, and the xylenols, with coefficients ranging from 0.45 to 0.82. The author concludes that the biological monitoring of urinary xylenols may be used as a means of measuring xylenol exposure in coke facility workers.

Used to produce chemical products including disinfectants and phenolic resins; [HSDB] Used in disinfectants, solvents, pharmaceuticals, insecticides, fungicides, plasticizers, rubber chemicals, wetting agents, and dyestuffs; Also used as additive to lubricants and gasolines; [Hawley]

Using Disinfectants or Biocides [Category: Clean]

Used as a solvent, antioxidant (gasoline, lubricating oil, and elastomers), and to make coal tar disinfectants and synthetic resins; [HSDB]

Petroleum Production and Refining [Category: Industry]

For Dimethyl phenol (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 086805) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."

(1972) 1.98X10+9 G

(1975) 9.47X10+7 G

(1986) 1,194,987 lb /XYLENOLS WITH SPECIFIED DISTILLATION YIELDS/

2023: 1,612,699 lb

2023: 25,221 lb

(1972) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 1.82X10+6 G

(1975) PROBABLY GREATER THAN 9.08X10+5 G

(1977) AT LEAST 1.36X10+8 G

Cleaning agent

Solvent

Solvent

Solvent

/from/ cresylic acid or tar acid fraction of coal tar.

The insertion of methyl groups into phenol to produce ... xylenols is a commercial process of considerable utility. The process commonly employed is methylation with methyl alcohol over a solid catalyst, generally a modified metal oxide, at temp in the range of 300-450 °C.

The insertion of methyl groups into phenol to produce ... xylenols is a commercial process of considerable utility. The process commomly employed is methylation with methyl alcohol over a solid catalyst, generally a modified metal oxide, at temp in the range of 300-450 °C. /Xylenols/

Variety of blends with cresylic acid.

Pitt-Consol Xylenol 410 is a synthetic xylenol blend ... homolog distribution, wt%: 2,6-xylenol, 1; 2,4-xylenol, 42; 2,5-xylenol, 43; 2,3-xylenol group, 14. /Xylenol 410/

Xylenol 100; a high purity fraction of 2,4- and 2,5- xylenol (ortho xylenols); typical composition: 2,4- and 2,5-xylenol 93%; meta para cresol 2%; other xylenols 5%. /From table/

Xylenol 200; a concentrated fraction of 3,5-xylenol (meta xylenol); typical composition: 3,5-xylenol 50%; 2,4- and 2,5-xylenols 5%; 2,3- and 3,4-xylenol 12%; para-ethyl phenol 25%; C9 + phenol 8% /From table/

Pitt-Consol Xylenol 410 is a synthetic xylenol blend ... homolog distribution, wt %: 2,6-xylenol, 1; 2,4-xylenol, 42; 2,5-xylenol, 43; 2,3-xylenol group, 14. /Xylenol 410/

Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing

Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing

Phenol, 2,3-dimethyl-: ACTIVE

Phenol, dimethyl-: ACTIVE

IN SAPONIFIED PHENOL MIXT (XYLONAFT, SUDOL ETC) AT 0.1-5.0% USE CONCENTRATIONS.

FIRST FRACTIONS OBTAINED IN DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR ARE COMPLEX MIXT IN THEMSELVES ... CALLED ... MIDDLE OR CARBOLIC OILS, HEAVY OR CREOSOTE OILS; NONVOLATILE RESIDUE CALLED PITH REMAINS IN THE STILL. ... THE "HEAVY OILS" YIELD ... XYLENOL ... .